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Mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MKL, English Mantle Cell Lymphoma, MCL ) is a unique subspecies of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, English Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, NHL ). It is highly characteristic of the chromosomal translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32) [2] [3] [4] and the overexpression of the nuclear protein cyclin D1 .

Mantle cell lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma - intermed mag.jpg
A micrograph showing mantle cell lymphoma (bottom of image) in a biopsy sample of the terminal ileus. Hematoxylin-eosin stain.
ICD-10C 85.7
ICD-10-KM
ICD-9200.4
ICD-9-KM
ICD-OM 9673/3
eMedicinemed / 1361
MeshD020522

Most patients with MKL get into the field of view of doctors already in the advanced stage of the disease ( English advanced stage disease ). Often there is an extranodal (extra-nodal) lesion ( English extranodal disease ), that is, the spread of MKL beyond the lymphatic system . In accordance with the clinical and biological risk factors available for each patient, MCL can either be slow but steadily progressing (indolent), or, conversely, an aggressive, rapid course. To date, there is practically no cure for MKL that can lead to a radical cure (complete disappearance of all MKL cells from the body and the absence of subsequent relapses of the disease), and not just temporary remissions, followed by relapses. The only exception to this rule is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . This method is really able to radically cure MKL (although not in all cases) and give a chance of no relapse. However, modern immunochemotherapy regimens with subsequent consolidation using high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in young patients, the emergence of an increasing number of effective alternative immunochemotherapy regimens for sequential use in subsequent relapses of MCL or with resistance to first-line therapy, the emergence of new targeted drugs for treatment MCL and the development of maintenance therapy strategies have led to an improvement in overall and relapse-free rates. live survival. The median survival of patients with newly diagnosed MKL in recent years has increased from 3 to 6 years.

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Historical Information

For the first time, this subspecies of lymphoma was specifically recognized and described by Lennert, who described it in 1973 and gave it the name "diffuse germinocytoma" ( eng. Diffuse germinocytoma ). Then, with the adoption of the Kiel Classification of 1974 , this subspecies of lymphoma was renamed to "centrocytic lymphoma" or "lymphoma from centrocytes" ( English centrocytic lymphoma ). Subsequently, this variety of NHL was called by various morphological and descriptive terms - "mantle zone lymphoma" ( English mantle zone lymphoma ), "lymphocytic lymphoma of an intermediate degree of differentiation" ( English lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation or English intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma ).

In 1992 , on the basis of the general understanding formed by oncohematologists that this subspecies of NHL has its own characteristic morphology and immunophenotype of cells and that it is characterized by a specific cytogenetic anomaly - t (11.14) (q13, q32) and a specific biochemical anomaly - overexpression cyclin D1, the term β€œmantle cell lymphoma”, which was then generally accepted, was proposed. This term reflects the apparent origin of MKL cells from mutated normal B-lymphocytes of the mantle zone of the lymph nodes. After achieving this breakthrough in understanding the nature of MKL, it became possible to focus clinical and pathogenetic studies on this clearly defined form with clear diagnostic criteria. This, in turn, has led to a deepening of the current understanding of the nature of MKL, the spectrum of its clinical and biological variants, and specific therapeutic problems and difficulties associated with MKL.

Epidemiology of MKL

Patients with MKL make up about 4-6% of the total number of patients with NHL [5] [6] . Characteristic is a greater predominance of older men, compared with other subtypes of lymphomas. The ratio of men and women among patients with MKL is approximately 2-3: 1. The average age of patients at the time of the first visit to a doctor is about 65 years. There were no specific etiological factors predisposing to the development of MCL. Relatives of patients with MKL of the first degree of kinship show a statistically significantly increased risk of developing other lymphoid neoplasms. However, the occurrence of precisely MKL in several members of the same family is a rather rare event.

The clinical picture of MKL

 
Lymph nodes of the head and neck, according to Gray's anatomy textbook ( click on the image to enlarge it )

Patients with MKL usually first come to the attention of doctors already in an advanced stage of the disease. More than 90% of patients at the time of diagnosis are already in stages III or IV, and often have so-called B-symptoms, or constitutional symptoms that reflect general intoxication of the body - fever ( hyperthermia ), night sweats, unexplained weight loss of more than 10% per last six months. Splenomegaly (an increase in the size of the spleen is observed in more than 50% of patients, often in combination with the leukemic phase of the disease - that is, the presence of MKL cells in the blood. In some patients, the disease is largely non-nodal in nature and is limited to damage to the bone marrow and / or spleen , in combination with the presence of MKL cells in the blood.For reasons that are not completely understood, these patients may experience a slower course of the disease than in patients with a predominant lesion of the lymph nodes. onnym extranodal (extranodal) defeat at the MCL is the defeat of the gastrointestinal tract . In particular, there may be lymphomatous colon polyps or polyps of the stomach . Subclinical damage the mucous membrane of the stomach or large intestine is observed in most patients with endoscopic biopsy , even in the absence of obvious polyps or visible changes in the mucous membrane.This tropism of MKL with respect to the gastrointestinal tract has not yet been fully explained, but it may be associated with expression on the surface of the MKL adhesion molecules, such as the milling mucosal receptor molecule Ξ±4Ξ²7. Damage to the genitourinary system , lungs and soft tissues, including soft tissues of the head and neck, periorbital tissues of the eye, can also be observed. Damage to the central nervous system , either parenchymal (in the brain tissue itself) or leptomeningeal (shell), is not typical for the initial manifestation of MCL. However, specific MKL lesion of the central nervous system can develop in patients with MKL subsequently, in connection with the progression of the disease. Also, in a small part of patients, especially with the blastoid variant of MKL, isolated central nervous system relapses after initially successful treatment are encountered. The frequency of central nervous system relapses has increased recently due to the emergence of more effective systemic therapy and an increase in the survival time of patients with MKL. Previously, most patients with MKL did not survive until the occurrence of CNS relapse, dying from extra-cerebral relapses. Therefore, the role of central nervous system prophylaxis (intrathecal chemotherapy and / or central nervous system irradiation) in the general treatment regimen for MKL and in the prevention of central nervous system relapse is being investigated in clinical trials [7] .

MKL Latency and Lymphogenesis

As in the case of most other types of malignant tumors , the true duration of the latent phase of the disease, from the time of the initial tumor transformation of a certain B-lymphocyte, until the first clinical symptoms of the disease appears, is not known. The sequence of lymphomogenesis in MKL is also not known - the sequence of events from the initial transforming event to the time of the final malignancy and the onset of uncontrolled clonal proliferation and expansion. Presumably, the latent phase of the disease in the case of MKL can be quite long. The key to understanding what approximately time interval can be discussed is an interesting case in which the diagnosis of MCL was simultaneously established in a patient and a donor 12 years after allogeneic stem cell transplantation of hematopoietic cells for a completely different disorder. In this case, an identical - of donor origin - clonality of MKL cells in the donor and recipient was established. In addition, a number of observations were published in which it was shown that in a number of patients with an established diagnosis of MCL, in the lymph nodes removed 7-15 years or more before diagnosis, and removed for completely different reasons, β€œoccult "(Single) cells of MKL with a characteristic translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32). In other reports, it was shown that sometimes during surgical removal of the lymph nodes for one reason or another, people who are not diagnosed with MKL or even suspect lymphoma show β€œoccult” MKL cells with a characteristic translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32) and the characteristic overexpression of cyclin D1 - the so-called in situ MCL. The true clinical significance of such findings is not known. The need to treat patients with this kind of accidentally discovered "occult" MKL in situ before the onset of clinical symptoms has also not been proven. Some, but not all, of these patients with β€œMKL in situ” subsequently develop an explicit MKL clinic, while others do not. These data support the modern idea of ​​a long latent period from a transforming event to the development of an explicit clinic of MCL. In addition, these data suggest that the primary transforming event initiating further lymphomogenesis necessary for the development of MCL is the appearance of cyclin D1 overexpression in the cell as a result of translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32).

Pathomorphological picture of MKL

As the immunophenotype and cytogenetics of MKL cells were characterized in more detail, and most importantly, after a strong correlation of this type of lymphoma with a specific chromosomal translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32) was detected and understood, leading to to the characteristic overexpression of cyclin D1, the differential diagnosis of MCL from other small cell lymphomas has been greatly simplified.

The normal cytoarchitectonics of lymph nodes affected by MKL are, as a rule, obliterated or obscured due to the diffuse spread of MKL cells having a uniform, monotonous appearance. In some cases, a more nodular, less diffuse character of the growth of MKL cells can be observed, or MKL cells can be seen surrounding the residual reactive germinal centers that survived the destruction, similar to the mantle zone around them. The nodal, rather than diffuse, nature of the MCL growth or partial preservation of cytoarchitectonics by the type of the mantle zone around reactive germinal centers, as a rule, is associated with a slower course of the disease and longer survival.

In classical cases (80-90% of all cases of MKL), MKL cells are small or medium in size, with scanty cytoplasm and nuclei that are alternately irregular in the contours. Nuclear chromatin is granular. MKL cells may have a small, fuzzy, almost indistinguishable eosinophilic nucleolus. Occasionally, MKL cells may resemble small lymphocytes with round nuclei, or have an appearance partly reminiscent of monocytes (monocytoid appearance). The variant in which MKL cells resemble small lymphocytes usually has a slow course. Large cells resembling centroblasts or immunoblasts are not characteristic of MKL. The background often contains hyalinized small blood vessels and may contain histiocytes. Proliferative centers are absent. Sometimes plasma cells can be seen in the background, but they are reactive, and not part of the neoplastic (tumor) population.

In the cases of MKL, morphology is not typical. So, for example, in the blast or blastoid variant of MKL, malignant cells resemble lymphoblasts with scanty cytoplasm and thin nuclear chromatin. With this option, a very high proliferative index is often observed, that is, a very high cell division rate. In the pleomorphic variant of MKL, the malignant clone consists of a more diverse (pleomorphic), non-monotonously looking cells that are larger than typical MKL cells and have large nuclei with irregular contours and clearly visible nucleoli. Both morphological variants of MKL are associated with a more aggressive course of the disease and are prognostically less favorable than the typical variant.

MKL cell immunophenotype

MKL cells carry surface immunoglobulins of the IgM and IgD classes. They are positive on CD20 and CD79a, and are generally also positive on CD5, CD43 and FMC7. Up to 94% of all cases express CD43, but only 80% of cases, as shown by some studies, are CD5-positive, the remaining 20% ​​are CD5-negative. MKL cells are most often negative on CD10 and, as a rule, negative on CD23. Protein Bcl-2 can be both positive and negative. Staining at MUM1 / IRF4 is negative. Positive staining for nuclear cyclin D1 is characteristic, which reflects the characteristic genetic abnormality t (11; 14) (q13; q32) underlying the pathogenesis of MKL. Staining for cyclin D1 is usually also positive in those rare cases where the anomaly t (11; 14) (q13; q32) is not detected. Even less frequently, cyclin D1 is negative, but cyclins D2 or D3 are expressed instead. Such cyclin D1-negative cases, confirmed by gene expression profiling, can present significant diagnostic difficulties. Expression of the nuclear transcription factor of Sox11 neurons is positive in 90% of MCL cases, including in some cases negative for cyclin D1. Although Sox11 expression is not specific for MKL and is found in cases of hairy cell leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia and Burkitt’s lymphoma , nevertheless staining for Sox11 can be a useful diagnostic tool for MKL. There are suggestions that Sox11 expression in the cytoplasm, and not in the cell nucleus, is a poor prognostic marker for the nodular form of MKL. At the same time, the absence of Sox11 expression in the non-nodular, leukemic form of MCL is associated with a slower, indolent course of this form. The value of the Ki-67 proliferation index for MKL is very variable. However, a high proliferative index is a poor prognostic marker. Staining for follicular dendritic cells, as a rule, shows an expanded and sharply disturbed reticular structure. These changes are most obvious in cases with more nodal growth, but they are usually present even in cases with a more diffuse growth pattern of MCL. Unlike other B-cell lymphomas, with MKL, cells more often express light chains of immunoglobulin type lambda rather than kappa type.

In a detailed study of individuals who look like ordinary reactive inflammatory lymph nodes, who do not suffer from MKL and who have no suspicion of lymphoma, sometimes a small number of cyclins of D1-positive cells are found. These cases are extremely rare. They are characterized by the presence of a small number of cyclins of D1-positive cells in a small part of the follicles of the affected lymph nodes. In this case, the localization of cyclins of D1-positive cells in the inner part of the mantle zone adjacent to the germinal (germinal) center of the follicle is characteristic. These cells contain the classic translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32), which can be demonstrated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical relevance of accidentally finding such a minimal infiltration of the lymph node by cells similar to mantle cell lymphoma cells (now called β€œmantle cell lymphoma in situ”) has not yet been determined. The need to treat such patients before they have obvious clinical symptoms of MCL is not obvious.

Cytogenetics and molecular pathogenesis of MKL

The molecular pathogenesis of MKL, as well as other malignant neoplasms in humans, is based on genetic and biochemical changes that lead to disruption of the regulation and control of the cell cycle, as well as to disruption of the mechanisms of response to DNA damage. Most, if not all, of the molecular and cytogenetic changes described to date with MCL, apparently, somehow affect these two most important aspects of cell life: either the system of regulation of the cell cycle, or the system of response to DNA damage. So, a distinctive feature of MKL is the chromosomal translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32), which is found in the vast majority of cases of MKL. This chromosomal translocation leads to the development of overexpression of cyclin D1, which plays an important role in regulating the transition from phase G1 to phase S of the cell cycle. The result of such a translocation of the 11q13 chromosome locus containing the cyclin D1 gene and designated as Bcl-1 (B-cell lymphoma / leukemia 1) under the regulation of the enhancer of the IgH immunoglobulin connecting region located in the 14q32 region leads to increased expression and activity of cyclin D1, which, as a rule, is not expressed in normal B cells. And cyclin D1 forms complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 and activates them. Thus, an increase in the expression of cyclin D1 leads to an increase in the activity of CDK4 and CDK6. And activated CDK4 and CDK6, in turn, phosphorylate and activate the so-called β€œretinoblastoma protein” (Rb) and, thus, directly contribute to the progression of the cell cycle and cell division. In addition, an increase in the level of cyclin D1 / CDK complexes promotes the binding (sequestration) and inactivation of CDK inhibitors - proteins p27 kip1 and p21. And these proteins - p27 kip1 and p21 - are usually associated with the cyclin E / CDK2 complex, which, after its activation, facilitates entry into the S phase. Thus, it appears that aberrant, overexpression of cyclin D1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MKL. In addition, it was shown that the level of expression of cyclin D1 directly correlates with the proliferation rate of MKL cells and, therefore, with the degree of clinical aggressiveness of this type of lymphoma.

In addition to the overexpression and deregulation of cyclin D1, which is the result of the chromosomal translocation t (11; 14) (q13; q32), other genetic mutations are often found during MKL, leading to a disruption in the normal regulation of the cell cycle. In particular, in a significant proportion of patients with MCL, using normal karyotyping or FISH, hemizygous or homozygous deletions are detected at the 9p21 chromosomal locus. And these chromosomal deletions, in turn, lead to impaired functioning of the p16 INK4a protein. And this protein is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 (those same kinases that are activated by cyclin D1). Thus, a normally functioning protein p16 INK4a , by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6, helps maintain the Rb protein (retinoblastoma protein) in its dephosphorylated, antiproliferative state. And vice versa: functional inactivation of p16 INK4a protein (for example, as a result of a 9p21 deletion) in MKL cells increases the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 and, thus, increases the phosphorylation of Rb protein and causes a further progression of the cell cycle, i.e. cell division. Thus, the functional inactivation of p16 INK4a in MKL cells can complement and enhance the effect of abnormal expression of cyclin D1 - both changes lead to an increase in the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 and to an increase in the phosphorylation of Rb protein, and therefore to an increase in the mitotic activity of the cell. It is worth noting that cases of MKL with functionally inactive p16 INK4a are usually characterized by increased proliferative activity, a higher Ki-67 index and a more aggressive clinical course. Rare cases of MKL were also described in which the functional activity of the p16 INK4a protein was not changed, but there was increased expression and genomic amplification of the BMI-1 protein, which belongs to the Polycomb gene group and acts as a transcriptional repressor of genes Rare cases of wild-type MCL ( WT) statuses of the p16INK4a locus were described with increased expression and genomic amplification of BMI-1, which belongs to the Polycomb gene group and acts as a transcriptional repressor of the p16 INK4a locus genes, i.e., prevents reading of the p16 INK4a gene and co responsible synthesis of this protein. Thus, overexpression of BMI-1 protein can be a pathogenetic alternative to the more frequently observed deletion of its target, protein p16 INK4a . The effect is the same in both cases. Finally, several cases of MKL with genomic amplification and overexpression of the CDK4 cyclin-dependent kinase protein have been detected. This is another additional mechanism of disruption of the normal regulation of the cell cycle at the stage of verification and transition from G1 to S-phase.

An important aspect of lymphomogenesis in MKL is the appearance of genetic mutations in genes that affect how a cell responds to DNA damage. Normally, the cell in response to DNA damage starts the process of DNA repair (an attempt to repair the damage). And if this fails, the cell either stops the cell cycle, that is, stops the process of division, or starts the process of apoptosis - programmed cell death. In malignant cells, this often does not happen. So, in particular, in MKL cells, a deletion of the chromosome fragment 11q22-23 is often observed. And with this fragment, the so-called β€œmutated ataxia-telangiectasia gene” (ATM) is also removed. Often, in addition to the hemizygous deletion of ATM (that is, deletion of this gene in one of two paired 11 chromosomes), mutations in the second copy of the ATM gene are also observed in MKL cells. And the ATM gene encodes kinases that belong to the superfamily of PI3K-like proteins. This gene plays a key role in the cellular response to DNA damage. The ATM gene mutations observed in MKL cells often affect the active catalytic (kinase) domain of the ATM protein, leading to its inactivation or decreased activity, or lead to the formation of a truncated, non-functional, kinase-free ATM protein. In addition to the frequently observed mutations in the ATM gene, with MKL, mutations of other molecules involved in the reaction to DNA damage are sometimes observed. So, sometimes with MKL, changes in proteins that are targets of the ATM kinase itself are observed. In particular, changes in the kinase genes of CHK2 and / or CHK1 are occasionally observed in MKL. And the CHK2 kinase stabilizes and activates the p53 protein, which plays a central role in the response to DNA damage and triggers cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or an attempt to repair DNA. The decrease in the level of CHK2 protein and / or its random mutations observed in some cases of MKL, leading to a decrease in its catalytic kinase activity, leads, in turn, to a decrease in the activity and functionality of the p53 protein and to the fact that cells that would have to start apoptosis or stop breeding due to unacceptable DNA damage, survive and continue to divide. This, in turn, leads to the accumulation of genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations in lymphomatous cells. It is important to note that p53 protein is inactivated in approximately 30% of MKL cases with blast or blastoid morphology, a high proliferative index, and an aggressive clinical course. At the same time, with MKL with classical morphology and low proliferative activity, a decrease in functionality or inactivation of p53 is rare.

Some studies show that the immunohistochemically measured proliferative index Ki-67, which characterizes the proliferation rate of tumor cells, may be associated with the degree of clinical aggressiveness of lymphomas in general and MLC in particular. In particular, a low proliferative index (low proliferation rate) usually corresponds to a more favorable clinical course, while a high proliferative index is associated with a shorter survival time after diagnosis. Profiling expression of genes that affect the rate of cell proliferation in MKL provides a quantitative expression of the rate of proliferation of lymphomatous cells, called the "proliferative signature." The determination of proliferative signatures allows one to determine prognostic subgroups of patients with MKL that differ in their median survival by more than 5 years. Proliferative signatures obtained on the basis of gene expression profiling that affect cell proliferation rate allow predicting the survival of patients much more accurately than certain molecular markers individually or in combination (for example, cyclin D1 expression level, mutations in the p16 INK4a gene ). Therefore, proliferative signatures can be considered as a total, integrative quantitative assessment of the degree of β€œcorruption”, malignancy of MKL cells, and the number of oncogenic mutations experienced by them. Proliferative signatures can be very useful in the future when studying various methods of targeted therapy and when deciding on the use of certain treatment methods depending on the risk group (defined just by the proliferative signature). Recently, researchers have attracted the attention of more indolent, slowly flowing forms of MCL. Apparently, these indolent cases of MKL are characterized by fewer genetic changes in the cells in comparison with more typical forms of MKL, and are characterized by the presence of mutations in the IgV H genes in most cases.

Diagnosis and staging of MKL

Most patients with MKL for the first time come to the attention of doctors already at an advanced stage, with sufficiently pronounced symptoms, and often with the presence of constitutional B-symptoms and / or one or more foci of extranodal (extra-nodal) lesions.

When staging MKL, generally accepted, standard approaches to staging lymphomas are used, including a thorough medical history (life and illness history), a thorough physical examination, CT and MRI of the whole body (or, at least, CT of the chest, abdominal, pelvic organs and, preferably, the neck), ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs, puncture aspiration and trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow, general clinical analysis of blood with an expanded leukocyte formula and ESR, standard blood biochemistry with a mandatory definition levels of beta-2 microglobulin and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). Bone marrow punctate and trepanobioptate, peripheral blood, and contents of the removed or punctured lymph nodes should be examined for the presence of flow cytometry and cytogenetics with FISH in t (11,14) cells, as well as for the expression of cyclin D1 and other cells characteristic of MKL proteins (e.g. Sox11). Close attention is required to potential sites for possible localization of extra-nodular lesions. In particular, due to the frequent involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the tumor process, the examination program should include upper and lower endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy), especially if the patient shows gastrointestinal complaints or if there are signs of latent blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract ( iron deficiency anemia, occult blood in the stool). In the presence of symptoms from the central nervous system, MRI of the brain and cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid for the detection of tumor cells and reactive inflammation, measurement of the concentration of protein and glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid are recommended.

Explicit mantle cell lymphocytic leukemia in the blood is observed in approximately 25% of patients, but using sensitive methods of flow cytometry and molecular markers, it is possible to prove the presence of a leukemic component in the blood in almost all patients with MCL.

The usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose for the initial assessment of the stage of the process and for assessing the response to treatment has not yet been reliably established, although MCL, as a rule, is clearly visible on 18FDG-PET. PET can be especially useful for identifying sites of extranodal (extra-nodal) lesions with respect to which conventional CT and MRI are less sensitive. The use of the PET technique is also reasonable for documenting the completeness of the therapeutic response, especially if the patient already has known nodular lesions, or in the context of clinical trials where complete remission is the goal of MKL therapy. It was shown that PET negativity after treatment is closely correlated with an increase in the duration of progression-free survival.

Forecast

Targeted Therapy

MKL, in most cases, responds well to first-line immunochemotherapy. A number of modern immunochemotherapeutic approaches have significantly improved the indicators of a general and complete objective response to therapy, compared with previously known combination chemotherapy regimens. However, as discussed above, most patients relapse within the next 1-5 years, even after successful induction therapy and high-dose consolidation followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunochemotherapy of the second, third and subsequent lines can have high therapeutic activity in relapses of MKL, however, the duration of the objective response or remission achieved with this is often short. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ сущСствуСт Π½Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… лСкарствах для Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› послС стандартной ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ для ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², рСзистСнтных ΠΊ стандартной ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ВсС большСС число Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² этих ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ…. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… воздСйствиС спСцифично Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ рСгуляции элСмСнтов ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ для ΠœΠšΠ›, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ задСйствованныС Π² ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ роста, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ рСгуляции Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π°. МногиС ΠΈΠ· этих ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² схСмы ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ частоты ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСмиссий ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ выТивания Π±Π΅Π· прогрСссирования заболСвания, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, вмСстС со стандартными ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ стратСгии ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ консолидации.

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ - протСасомного ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ

Π‘ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ± воздСйствуСт Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ - протСасомный ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² настоящСС врСмя прСдставляСтся, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ свой тСрапСвтичСский эффСкт ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ воздСйствия Π½Π° нСсколько Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ задСйствованы Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ . Π‘ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ± ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ FDA БША для лСчСния ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ (мноТСствСнной ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ‹), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ для лСчСния Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠœΠšΠ›. Π”Π²Π° исслСдования II Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹, взятыС вмСстС, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ 44 % частоту ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Ρ‘ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ достигнуто 18 % ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² , ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, наблюдались ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹, с ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ прогрСссирования ΠΈ возникновСния нСобходимости Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ лСчСния ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 14 мСсяцСв. Π­Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› сСйчас подвСргаСтся Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² качСствС ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² сочСтании с ритуксимабом , ΠΈ Π² сочСтании с Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ схСмы BR ( бСндамустин -ритуксимаб), R-CHOP, высокиС Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ схСмы R-HyperCVAD. Π‘ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ± ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ бСзопасно ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тяТёлой ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Однако ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±Π° сопряТСно с частым Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ пСрифСричСской Π½Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² . Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ являСтся Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ для Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±Π°. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, эта ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ сниТСния Π΄ΠΎΠ· Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±Π° ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° состояния пСрифСричСских Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сочСтании Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±Π° с Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ , Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ склонными Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ , Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°-Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ ( винкристин , винбластин , виндСсин , Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π»Π±ΠΈΠ½ ). ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎ врСмя Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ часто Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ рСактивация Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ гСрпСс - ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ , Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ спСциалистов Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ профилактичСскоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ противовирусных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ…, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ€ , Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ.

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°

Π›Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ являСтся ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ , высокоактивным ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ (мноТСствСнной ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ‹) ΠΈ хроничСского Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·Π° . Он ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ нСсколькими ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ дСйствия, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС прямым Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ дСйствиСм, Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· Π² ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ , подавляСт взаимодСйствиС ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ , сниТаСт ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ряда Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² , ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ дСйствиСм. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ активности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ старого ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° этой Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹, Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° , ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ исслСдованию эффСктивности Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› послС стандартного лСчСния ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ с Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ стандартной Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ .

Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›, Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ интСнсивно Π»Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ стандартными схСмами Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ , наблюдались частичныС ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ лишь Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Π΄Ρ‘ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… клиничСских испытаний II Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠœΠšΠ›. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ этих испытаний 42 % ΠΈΠ· 57 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом срСднСС врСмя выТивания Π΄ΠΎ прогрСссирования составило 5,7 мСсяцСв . Π’ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ прСимущСствСнно Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ миСлосупрСссии.

ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹Π΅ рСмиссии , Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ наблюдался Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› послС трансплантации гСмопоэтичСских стволовых ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ , Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΈ послС Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ трансплантации , Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ послС Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ИсслСдованиС 134 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² c прогрСссированиСм послС ритуксимаба Π² сочСтании с Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ 28 % частичных ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ 8 % ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСмиссий , ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ сохранСния ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ эффСкта Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° 16,6 мСсяцСв .

ДоклиничСскиС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, показавшиС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ взаимодСйствиС Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° с ритуксимабом ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ сСйчас исслСдованиям Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Β«R2Β» схСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ хроничСском Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сочСтаниС Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° с ритуксимабом позволяСт Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ рСзистСнтной ΠœΠšΠ›. Π›Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ комбинация Β«R2Β» (Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ плюс ритуксимаб) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ своё ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠœΠšΠ› послС основного лСчСния .

Π’Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ эффСктивСн ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ антиангиогСнная Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ синСргизм с ритуксимабом с ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ тСрапСвтичСской эффСктивности ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ…, послуТили основаниСм для Π΅Π³ΠΎ испытания Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ритуксимабом ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ PEP-C (Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π° , этопозида , ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ циклофосфамида . Π­Ρ‚Π° схСма ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ RT-PEP-C. На этой схСмС Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ рСзистСнтным ΠœΠšΠ› Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° частота ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² 73 %, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… 32 % ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСмиссий . Π‘ ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‘Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· этих Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ интСнсивно ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹, это ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹.

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ МРМ

МишСнь Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρƒ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… (МРМ, mTOR) являСтся ниТСстоящим ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² каскадС фосфатидилинозитол-3-ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ (PI3K) / Akt. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ каскад ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² рСгуляции трансляции мРНК Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² , Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ мРНК Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D1, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ самого, ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ экспрСссии ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠœΠšΠ›.

Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· прСдставлСния ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ способности ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² МРМ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ зависящиС ΠΎΡ‚ активности Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D1 Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ каскады ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… вслСдствиС этого ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ эффСкта Π² опухолях, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D1, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² β€” тСмсиролимус , ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π° , Π±Ρ‹Π» ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ исслСдован Π² качСствС ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² рядС клиничСских исслСдований II Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ… ΠœΠšΠ›. Π’ исслСдовании III Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹, ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ 2 Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΈ 2 Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ввСдСния тСмсиролимуса с Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ исслСдоватСлСм Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стандартной ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎ-Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, схСма, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠ°Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 175 ΠΌΠ³ тСмсиролимуса Π² нСдСлю Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3-Ρ… нСдСль с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 75 ΠΌΠ³ Π² нСдСлю, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° прСимущСство Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ количСствС ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ выТиваСмости ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ тСмсиролимуса , Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ со стандартной ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎ- Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ . Π’ настоящСС врСмя тСмсиролимус Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ исслСдуСтся Π² качСствС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ схСмами Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ с ритуксимабом ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ агрСссивных ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… высокого риска. Как ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ МРМ, эвСролимус , тСмсиролимус Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ изучаСтся Π² качСствС срСдства консолидации рСмиссии ΠΈ срСдства ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› ΠΈ агрСссивных ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ритуксимабом . ЭвСролимус Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ проявляСт Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² комбинациях с ритуксимабом ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ с Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ… ΠœΠšΠ› ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рСзистСнтных Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ… ΠœΠšΠ›, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², рСзистСнтных ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±Ρƒ.

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ PI3K / Akt

PI3K ( фосфатидилинозитол-3-ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Π° ) ΠΈ Akt находятся Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ МРМ ( мишСни Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρƒ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ) Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… каскадах. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ PI3K/Akt ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… злокачСствСнных опухолях, особСнно B-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…, Π² частности ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² частности, Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π°-Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° PI3K (PI3K-delta) экспрСссирована Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² 90 % случаСв B-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚ PI3K-delta ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ тСрапСвтичСской мишСнью для низкомолСкулярных ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² . Один ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² PI3K-delta, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ для ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‘ΠΌΠ° Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΡŒ β€” идСлалисиб проявил Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² клиничСских исслСдованиях I Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рСзистСнтном ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ хроничСском Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рСзистСнтном ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠœΠšΠ›. Π’ настоящСС врСмя идСлалисиб ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ дальнСйшиС клиничСскиС исслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² комбинациях с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ B-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сигнального каскада

ΠΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³ΡƒΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ , приводящий ΠΊ бласттрансформации, спСциализации (ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ спСцифичности), ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ B-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² , происходит вслСдствиС Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сигнального каскада β€” BCR. НиТС B-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π² этом сигнальном каскадС находятся, Π² частности, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ называСмая «сСлСзёночная Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Π° Β» (Syk), Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Π° Π‘Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° (Btk), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Π° C-Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π° (РКБ-Ξ², PKC-beta). ВсС эти ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ тСрапСвтичСскими мишСнями для Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π’ настоящСС врСмя проходят клиничСскиС испытания I ΠΈ II Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ (ΠœΠšΠ›) ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° сСлСзёночной Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ Syk β€” фостаматиниба , ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π‘Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° Btk β€” ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±Π° (PCI-32765) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ C-Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π° β€” энзастаурина .

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π‘Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° β€” ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ± β€” ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рСзистСнтной ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠœΠšΠ›.

Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ касаСтся ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° сСлСзёночной Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ β€” фостаматиниба, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ‹ C-beta β€” энзастаурина , Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› скорСС Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‡Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π° (Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, частота ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° фостаматиниб ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ рСзистСнтной ΠœΠšΠ› Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· исслСдований составила всСго 11 %). Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя, учитывая ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ тСрапСвтичСских ΠΎΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рСзистСнтном ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠœΠšΠ›, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ эта, ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ нСвысокая, частота ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° прСдставляСт интСрСс. К Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ частота ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ сущСствСнно ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сочСтании фостаматиниба ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ энзастаурина с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² частности с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сигнального каскада (Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, полная Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° всСх Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π΅ΠΉ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π°), ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сочСтании с Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ , ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ .

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ гистондСацСтилазы

АцСтилированиС ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ гистонов являСтся Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ рСгуляции экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ транскрипции Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² . Π£Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ацСтилирования ΠΈ дСацСтилирования гистонов ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² злокачСствСнных ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ , Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ ΠœΠšΠ›. Π’ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Ρ… Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΠ΅ ( in vitro ) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D1, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠœΠšΠ›, пониТаСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ гистондСацСтилазы вориностатом . ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, вориностат способСн Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ PI3K / Akt ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ . ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ клиничСскиС исслСдования активности вориностата, ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² БША для лСчСния Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ , ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ клиничСской эффСктивности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›. Π’ настоящСС врСмя проходят Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΡƒΠ±Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования эффСктивности вориностата, наряду с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ гистондСацСтилазы. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² гистондСацСтилазы, Π² частности вориностата, с Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ цитостатиками .

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°

ΠΠ°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ рСгуляции ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° присутствуСт Ρƒ всСх Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с ΠœΠšΠ› β€” экспрСссия Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D1 Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π° Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² , Ρƒ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π° экспрСссия Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D2 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D3. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ интСрСсу ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСмСйства Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² , ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½-зависимых ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ» являСтся синтСтичСским Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ с нСсколькими ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ дСйствия, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² сСбя ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D1 ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D3, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½-зависимых ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π· CDK4 ΠΈ CDK6. Π’ клиничСском исслСдовании , ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² КанадС , Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ» Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» всСго лишь скромныС 11 % ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›. Однако Π² этом исслСдовании Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ» использовался Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ быстро выводится ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° . ΠŸΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ клиничСскиС испытания , Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…, Π½Π° основании Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ расчёта Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π° , ΠΎΠ½ примСнялся Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ хроничСского Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·Π° . Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ инфузиями Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π° , Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, способСн ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ›.

ΠžΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρƒ Π½Π΅ самих Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½-зависимых ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π· CDK4 ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ CDK6, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ тСорСтичСски ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π°ΠΏ-Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ (усилСниС экспрСссии) Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² D2 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ D3 Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρƒ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° D1 β€” пСрспСктивный ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ лСчСния, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ сСйчас изучаСтся с использованиСм ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° PD 0332991. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» свою ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠœΠšΠ›, ΠΈ изучаСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ .

Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Bcl-2, BH3-ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ

РСгуляция процСссов Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ слоТна. БистСма рСгуляции состоит ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² , ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² , Π·Π°ΠΏΡƒΡΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссы Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π°. Π’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ-апоптотичСских Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°Ρ… присутствуСт ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ рСгуляторный Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ BH3. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ , ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ количСствС ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠœΠšΠ›, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСрапСвтичСских стратСгий ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠœΠšΠ› состоит Π² использовании Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… воздСйствиС Π½Π° рСгуляторный Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ BH3 ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ самым ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Bcl-2. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ, Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, способствуСт Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Π’ настоящСС врСмя Π² процСссС клиничСских испытаний находятся нСсколько BH3-ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Bcl-2, Π² частности вСнСтоклакс (ABT-199), обатоклакс (GX 15-070) ΠΈ навитоклакс (ABT-263).

Π‘ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ направлСния исслСдований

Links

  1. ↑ Monarch Disease Ontology release 2018-06-29sonu - 2018-06-29 - 2018.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q55345445 "> </a>
  2. ↑ Вранслокация t(11;14)(q13;q32)
  3. ↑ Li JY, Gaillard F., Moreau A., et al. Detection of translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) in mantle cell lymphoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization (Π°Π½Π³Π».) // The American Journal of Pathology : journal. β€” 1999. β€” May ( vol. 154 , no. 5 ). β€” P. 1449β€”1452 . β€” DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65399-0 . β€” PMID 10329598 .
  4. ↑ Barouk-Simonet E., Andrieux J., Copin MC, et al. TPA stimulation culture for improved detection of t(11;14)(q13;q32) in mantle cell lymphoma (Π°Π½Π³Π».) // Ann. Genet. : journal. - 2002. - Vol. 45 , no. 3 . β€” P. 165β€”168 . β€” DOI : 10.1016/S0003-3995(02)01122-X . β€” PMID 12381451 .
  5. ↑ Mantle Cell Lymphoma
  6. ↑ Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical hematology: theory and procedures. β€” Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. β€” P. 283. β€” Β«Frequency of lymphoid neoplasms. (Source: Modified from WHO Blue Book on Tumour of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2001, p. 2001.)Β». β€” ISBN 0-7817-5007-5 .
  7. ↑ ΠœΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ°

Π’Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ рСсурсы

In English

  • ΠšΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΡ‹
  • ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΡƒΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ΅
  • Лимфомная Ассоциация β€” спСциализированная Британская общСствСнная организация, бСсплатно ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈΡ… сСмьям, Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΡŒΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ с Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ β€” https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ΠœΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ_Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΠΌΠ°&oldid=100738518


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Clever Geek | 2019