Ryuka ( ru: ka [1] ; jap. 琉 歌 ; ryu: ka ) is a rucksack poetic and genre, a short narrative verse, usually having the structure of "8-8-8-6" syllables [2] [3] . Ryuks were usually composed in the Okinawan language and performed to the music of sansin (the ancestor of the shamisen ) [4] [5] [6] .
Content
History
On the island of Okinawa, among the folklore genres dominated length from 51 to 75 syllables. In the 16th century, 20–40 syllables disappeared from the Omoro, and it was transformed into a ryuku (“Ryukyu songs”) [7] . This may be a sign of the influence of the Yamato, where a similar transformation took place [7] . In the 18th century, Yakabi Choki ( j . 屋 嘉 比 朝 寄 Yakabi Cho: ki , 1716-1775) [8] invented a musical system for sansin , which ryuki also began to record [4] . Ryuk is accompanied by the court dance “Kadzadifu” ( Jap. か じ ゃ で ぃ ふ う ) [9] .
The 8-8-8-6 syllable version was called “Tzurane” ( jap. 長 歌 , long song) , or “kudoki” ( jap. 口 説 , recitative) [10] , and the variants are 7-7, 7-5, 5 -5 and 8-6 syllables were collectively referred to as “nakafu” ( jap. 仲 nakafu :) ) [4] . Tsurane over time became the main size.
Okzinaved Master Madzikin in his book “A Thousand Years of the History of Okinawa” ( Jap. 沖 縄 一 千年 史 ) called Yoshiyu Tiru and Onnu Nabe the two pillars of Ryuk poetry [11] . , a 17th century poetess who was sold to a brothel at the age of eight and described the life of a Yukaku woman [12] [13] in her works, starved herself to starvation at 18 [14] . - poet of the XVIII century from a peasant family, who took the name of her native village as a pseudonym [12] [15] . Other poets noted for their work in this genre are , , , and [11] .
Ryuka continues to exist not only in Okinawa, but also in the Okinawan diaspora in Hawaii and Peru [16] .
Ruck Collections
Record and compile collections of Ryuk became quite late; besides, many collections are not dated [4] . The ryuk's oldest collection is the 600-page Ryuk-khyakko ( jap. 琉 歌 百 控 ryu: kakhyakko :) compiled in the 18th century by an unknown author [17] . All the verses in it are songs for playing to the accompaniment of sansin [4] .
- 1795-1802 “Ryuka-khyakko” ( Jap. 琉 歌 百 控 Ryu: ka khyakko: “hundred ryuk”) , the originator is unknown.
- 1897 “A Great Collection of Back-Up Songs” ( Jap. 琉球 大 歌集 ) - Kobashikawa Chosh ( Jap. 小川 川 朝 昇 ) .
- 1900 "On the problems of the Ryuk genre; Tamayama manuscript ” ( Jap. 琉 歌 疑問 録 玉山 稿 Ryu: To the Tamayamako hymonore:) - Onga Tyuyu ( Jap. 恩 河 朝 Onga Tyo: yu:) .
- 1900 “Selected Back-Songs” ( Jap. 琉球 歌 選 稿 Ryu: Kyu: Uta Sen Tamayamako :) - Onga Chöyu.
- 1908 "The ryuku collection of the 45th year" ( Japanese 戊申 琉 歌 会 bo: sin ryu: cocoa ) , compiled by unknown.
- 1911 "Collection of the ryuk of the olden times" ( Jap. 古今 琉 歌集 cocoon of the ryu: Kasiu :) ) - Tomikawa Sayboku ( Jap. 盛 睦 )
- 1912 “Ryuk collection” ( Jap. 琉 歌集 - 琉 控 百 控 乾 ю 節流 節流 :: ka syu: - ryu: ka kenju: setsuryu:) , originator unknown.
- 1917 “Ryuk Review” ( Jap. 琉 歌 大 観 Ryu: Ka Taikan ) - Madzikina Anko .
- 1938 “Sasaki Collection” ( Jap. 佐佐木 本 琉 歌集 Sasakibon-Ryu: Kasiu :), Nobutsuna .
- ? "Ryuk collection" ( Jap. 琉 歌集 Ryu: Kasyu :) , originator unknown.
- ? "Collection of Ryuk and Kudok" ( Jap. 琉 歌集 附 口 説 集 Ryu: Kasiu: tsukarikudokisyu ) - Hamagawa ( Jap. 川 ) .
- ? "Collection of records about the Ryuk" ( Jap. 文書 集 （琉 歌） Bunsс: ryu: ka ) , the compiler is unknown.
Notes
- ↑ 研究 セ ン タ ー .
- 金 金城, 2001 , p. 791.
- ↑ 武 下, 1996 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 図 書館 1 .
- ↑ Ryuka
- ↑ Garifas, 1993 .
- ↑ 1 2 Ermakova, 1995 , p. 34
- ↑ Kotobank 屋 嘉 比 朝 寄 .
- ↑ Constancio, 2003 , p. 115
- ↑ JLect .
- ↑ 1 2 Madzikina, 1923 .
- ↑ 1 2 Okinawahistory, 2008 .
- 国 文学, 2006 , p. 85.
- 吉 屋 チ ル
- ↑ Kotobank 恩納 な べ .
- ↑ Nakakhodo, 2010 .
- ↑ 図 書館 2 .
Literature
- 縄 言語 研究 セ ン タ ー. 首 里 ・ 那覇 方言 音 声 デ ー タ ベ ー ス (Jap.) . - "ー カ ruuka と い っ た。". The appeal date is September 3, 2014
- Ermakova L.M. The speech of the gods and the songs of the people: the ritual and mythological origins of Japanese literary aesthetics . - Eastern literature, 1995. - (Studies on the folklore and mythology of the East). - ISBN 9785020178434 .
- 金城 厚. Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 7, East Asia. - Routledge, 2001. - ISBN 978-0824060411 .
- Notes to Japan Folk Songs from Amami from 武 下 和平. Victor Entertainment, 1996.
- 琉球 文学 - 琉 歌 ・ 和 歌 ・ 漢詩 - (Jap.) . 琉球 大学 附属 図 書館. The appeal date is September 3, 2014.
- World Encyclopedia Heybonsya . 沖 縄 関係 貴重 資料 紹 介 (Jap.) . 琉球 大学 附属 図 書館. The appeal date is September 3, 2014.
- 沖 縄 [県 ] (yap.) . Kodan (2013). The appeal date is September 4, 2014.
- 屋 嘉 比 朝 寄 や か び - ち ょ う き (Jap.) . Kodan (2009). The appeal date is September 4, 2014.
- 日本 名 名 大 辞典. 恩納 な べ (Jap.) Kodan . The appeal date is September 4, 2014.
- Zachary Read. JLect (English) . The appeal date is September 4, 2014.
- Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau. Я 歌 の い ろ は (Jap) (not available link) (2008). The appeal date is September 4, 2014. Archived April 9, 2013.
- ?. 文学, 解 釈 と 鑑賞 . - 至 文 堂, 2006. - Vol. 71 - № 9—12 . - ISSN 0386-9911 .
- Madzikina Anko. 沖 縄 一 千年 史 . - 日本 大学, 1923.
- Matthew Constancio, Maglana Santamaria. The Old Kingdom Ryukyu Memory Strands in Okinawan Traditional Dance (eng.) . Asian studies (2003). The appeal date is September 4, 2014.
- Nakakhodo, Masanori. Various aspects of Okinawan literature, Postwar literature, Dialect poems, Dramas, Ryūka, Tanka. - Borderlink, 2010. - ISBN 978-4-89982-168-7 .
- Robert Garfias. Shark Court Music Tradiotion / Asian Music. - Journal of the Society for Asian Music, 1993. - T. 25 . - p . 117 . Archived June 10, 2010.