Martynov, Ivan Vasilievich

Born in the village of Toneevo, Kazan county, Kazan province, currently does not exist, flooded when the water of the Kuibyshev reservoir was raised. From the peasants. In childhood, he moved with his parents to a former manor house, which became the village of Serednyak. Here he grew up, graduated from elementary school and fifth grade in the village of Laishevo.

After the fifth grade, the elder brother, who worked in Moscow as a policeman, took the boy to him. Here he graduated from high school in 1937 and entered the Moscow Institute of Cooperative Trade, but did not finish his first year. In 1938, he voluntarily entered the K.E. Voroshilov Military Academy of Chemical Protection .

With the beginning of World War II, the fourth year was transferred to accelerated courses for the chiefs of the chemical service of regiments, brigades, and divisions. Since October 1941, a military technician of the 2nd rank Martynov, in the post of chief of the 238th Infantry Division, participated in battles near Moscow , was wounded. After the hospital, he continued to serve in the rear units of the Kalinin Front, taught courses for junior lieutenants. In 1942 he joined the CPSU / CPSU. Over time, he achieved a return to the front line. By the summer of 1944, Lieutenant Colonel Martynov was an assistant to the head of the military chemical department of the 1st Belorussian Front.

In August 1944 he was recalled to the Higher Academic Courses in Moscow. Here I met Victory Day. In June of the victorious 1945, as a well-knowing French, he was assigned to the military-diplomatic service in the Protocol and Communications Division of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany . Engaged there in the "French direction".

In 1947 he returned to the Academy of Chemical Protection , to the Faculty of Engineering. He studied perfectly, received a Stalin scholarship, became a colonel - the youngest in chemical forces. After graduation, he began to work in the Office of Chemical Forces of the Ministry of Defense, in the Scientific and Technical Committee. In 1957 he defended his thesis on titration of fluoroolefins with nitrogen oxides. The supervisor of studies was Academician I. L. Knunyants . In 1958, Colonel Martynov was transferred to the reserve.

In the same 1958, he came to work at the State Union Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology of the USSR Ministry of Chemical Industry. He was appointed deputy director of the institute for scientific work. In 1961 he headed the institute and led it for 18 years. In 1966 he defended his doctoral dissertation, in 1968 he became a professor.

The main works are in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. He conducted research related to the creation of synthesis methods and the study of the properties of fluorine and organophosphorus compounds. He developed general nitration methods for polyhalo-olefins and on this basis created a method for the synthesis of α-nitrocarboxylic acids, α-amino acids and their derivatives, halogen nitroalkanes and halogen nitrosoalkanes. Synthesized more than 100 phosphorylated oximes.

In those years, the institute, headed by Martynov, was one of the leaders in the field of development and production technology of chemical weapons. In the early 1970s, the Institute developed an industrial method for producing and mastering soman production technology, created a method for the production of second-generation organophosphorus poisonous substance - Soviet V-gas. Industrial production of V-gas was established in 1972 at the Chelyabinsk Production Association "Khimprom" named after Lenin Komsomol.

In 1978, the Institute of Physiologically Active Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was created. In September of the same year, the director of the Institute was appointed a major organizer of fundamental and applied research and new chemical industries in the system of the USSR Ministry of Chemical Industry, Professor N. Martynov. The Institute was to conduct comprehensive research: good synthetic developments should be accompanied by biochemical, physiological, physical and chemical research. The Institute carried out a large volume of work on closed special topics, which were highly appreciated by customers. The Institute also developed recommendations on the practical use of physiologically active substances in medicine, agriculture and other sectors of the economy.

In 1981, I.V. Martynov was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. He headed the FAV Institute until 1989. After retirement, he did not break ties with the institute, remained an Advisor to the Directorate, a member of the academic council of the institute.

Lives in the city of Chernogolovka, Moscow Region .

• Hero of Socialist Labor - by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 3, 1974 "for outstanding success in completing a special task of the USSR government"
• Two Orders of Lenin (04/20/1971, 04/03/1974),
• Order of the October Revolution (12/25/1979) ^[1] ,
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (05/28/1966),
• Order of the Patriotic War , 2nd degree (03/11/1985),
• Two orders of the Red Star (including 06/29/1944),
• medals.
• Lenin Prize .
• " Honorary Chemist of the USSR ."
• Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation ( October 27, 2000 ) - for his great contribution to the development of domestic science, many years of diligent work ^[2]

• The heroes of Socialist Labor and the full gentlemen of the Order of Labor Glory are our fellow countrymen. - Kazan, 2003.
• Drozdov M. The last hero // Chernogolovskaya newspaper. 2009 .-- December 24.
• Fedorov L. A. Undeclared chemical war in Russia: politics against ecology. - M., 1995.

• Ivan Vasilievich Martynov (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ". Date of treatment September 4, 2014.
• Profile of Ivan Vasilyevich Martynov on the official website of the RAS