Bykov, Yury Sergeevich

Born on March 2, 1916 in the city of Saratov in the family of a lawyer. After graduating from Saratov School No. 43, he entered the evening department of the Saratov Technological Institute at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. At the same time he worked as an electrician at the Saratov Accumulator Plant, “Universal” plant, mill number 3.

In connection with the transfer of his father to Moscow in 1933, he transferred to the radio engineering faculty of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. He worked on the radio of the apartments in the house where he lived. The pulmonary tuberculosis found in him caused him to interrupt his studies and go to the hospital. On the student bench returned only a year later. Perseverance, a thirst for knowledge and a habit developed over the years to follow new publications in the field of radio engineering ensured success during the diploma defense in 1939. The topic of protection was called "Measuring the speed of an aircraft using radio engineering methods". After graduating from the institute, he entered the post-graduate school of the Moscow Energy Institute, but the outbreak of war forced him to create radio equipment for airplanes, for which he went to work at the Research Institute of Aircraft Equipment, especially since he was released from military service for health reasons. Work has not stopped in the evacuation, in Ulyanovsk.

In the same place in January 1942, Yu. S. Bykov constructed a new, unusual model of a machine gun. In conversations with him, wounded soldiers and commanders who were treated in hospitals complained that we had few machine guns. They told how the opponents, by all means, sought to cover our rare machine gun points with artillery fire. The machine gunner will only begin to scribble as a barrage of fire falls on him. Together with his fellow worker, Yu. S. Bykov invented a machine gun simulator. Its device is not difficult: the radio lamp flashes brightly, as if a machine gun sends a bullet after a bullet. The sound was recorded on a record. The gramophone is spinning in the dugout, the sound from the microphone goes to the speakers, hidden in the trenches, on the front line. In the blackness of the night the illusion of "machine gun fire" was complete. More than once, opponents were deceived, taking imitators for our bunkers, firing at them, thereby giving out the location of their artillery.

In April 1943, Yu. S. Bykov nevertheless visited the front as part of a special brigade at the 6th Air Army. During their stay in the units, the brigade got acquainted with the organization of radio communications and the state of the radio equipment of the aircraft. Based on this, a method of fine tuning for a fixed wave of interaction was proposed, seven instructive exercises in the regiments with a flight crew were conducted, and technical assistance was provided in eliminating radio interference on airplanes. As a result of the work done, communication with CPR has improved. For the work done to improve the onboard communications radio equipment, he had five thanks, including from the commander of the 6th Air Force. After the war, Yu. S. Bykov returned to his thesis.

In 1947 he became a candidate, and in 1952 - a doctor of technical sciences, and later he was given the academic title of professor. During these years he was engaged in the development of the theoretical foundations of the noise immunity of aviation telephone radio communications in the conditions of high acoustic noise, and thus laid the foundation for a new area of ​​technology - aircraft radio acoustics. On the basis of the theory of intelligibility of the Russian language created by him, means of protection against interference are created and widely implemented in the practice of aircraft radio communications. Bulls began working on a very unexpected topic of speech transmission without distortion, despite the surrounding noise interference. On the basis of experiments and experiments in 1954, Yu. S. Bykov wrote the book The Theory of Speech Intelligibility in Communication Lines. And in the future he improved radio equipment, looking for new ways. Re-read, critically interpreted hundreds of books. If in his monograph in 1954 there are only 29 titles in the list of used literature, in the capital work of Yu. S. Bykov “Theory of speech intelligibility and increasing the efficiency of radiotelephone communication”, published in 1959, this list has increased to 184 works of our and foreign authors .

In the autumn of 1959, Yu. S. Bykov, a leading scientist in the field of radio communications, was invited to work at NII-695 and was appointed Chief Designer of a communications system with spacecraft. In preparation for the launch of the first Vostok spacecraft with a man on board, Yu. S. Bykov worked on creating a system with automatic frequency tuning that works steadily in conditions of atmospheric interference and significant changes in the power of the perceived signal. The space communications system, called Zarya, was created in just one year. Yu. S. Bykov actively participated in the flight of the first cosmonaut Yu. A. Gagarin.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 17, 1961 for the great successes achieved in the development of the rocket industry, science and technology, the successful implementation of the world's first flight of Soviet man to outer space aboard the Vostok satellite Yuriy Sergeevich was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle Gold Medal.

In 1963, Yu. S. Bykov became director of the Moscow Radio Communication Research Institute. Subsequently, he worked as the Chief Designer of radio communication systems with all manned Vostok and Voskhod ships. He created the foundations of radio communication systems of Soyuz and Salyut habitable space objects. Suddenly died on July 30, 1970, while on vacation in a mountain tourist camp. He was buried in Moscow at Vvedensky cemetery.

Winner of the Lenin Prize. He was awarded the Order of Lenin on May 7, 1988 on the building of the former school No. 43 of the city of Saratov , in which Yu. S. Bykov studied in 1925–1930, and a memorial plaque was opened to him.

Yury Sergeevich Bykov (Rus.) . The site " Heroes of the country ." The appeal date is September 4, 2014.