Resort

Resorts differ from recreational areas in that they include, in addition to natural healing resources (sources of mineral water, healing mud, a favorable climate), a technical system (hydrotechnical - drinking galleries, pump rooms , balneotechnical - bathrooms ; resort parks) and medical and organizational resources, as well as health care facilities - sanatoriums and resort polyclinics (and other institutions for treatment and rest) and can therefore provide medical (health resort) assistance bo nym different profile. In turn, recreational areas (recreation centers (at home), including in resort areas) have only natural healing resources and are designed to improve the health of healthy people and prevent their chronic diseases.

The classification of resorts is based on their leading natural healing factor. In accordance with this allocate :

• The climatic resort is a type of resort where the climate is used as the main therapeutic and preventive factor (e.g., Mountain Resort ), and among the methods are aerotherapy , heliotherapy , thalassotherapy .
• Balneotherapy resort - (from the Latin balneum - bath, therapia - treatment) - a type of resort where natural mineral waters are used as the main therapeutic factor. Water can be used externally (baths, showers, pools, etc.), for drinking treatment, inhalation, irrigation and other procedures. Balneotherapy resorts are equipped with balneotherapy centers, drinking galleries, pump rooms, pools, inhalations, etc.
• Mud resort - a type of resort where, as the main or one of the main natural healing factors - along with the climate, natural mineral waters, therapeutic mud is used .
• Koumiss therapeutic resort is a type of resort where koumiss is used as the main natural healing factor. Preparation of a complete koumiss is possible when grazing mares in the steppe or forest-steppe zone.

The first resorts were equipped with man on the site of natural formations with healing properties. So, the Roman terms known to all at first were a creation of nature, and only then they were transformed into a miracle of architecture of Ancient Rome . The Italian thermal spas Monsummano Terme, Montegrotto Terme, Montecatini Terme are interesting in that it is nature who created the thermal hospitals - the hot springs fill numerous grottoes with steam.

However, even in ancient Greece, public bathing devices were an integral part of sports facilities ( Gymnasion ). Having conquered Greece, the Romans borrowed there not only various forms of art and science, but also their experience in using balneology. But, unlike Greek baths that use cold water, they began to build similar structures on hot springs and called them therms.

In ancient Greece and Rome, other natural factors were used for medicinal purposes. So, the temples of Asclepius ( Aesculapius ) were built in areas known not only for their sources of mines. waters, but also with healing clean air, rich vegetation of “sacred groves” (climatic resorts). The noble Romans enjoyed the popularity of the coastal climatic healing area Antsium ( Anzio ; now there is a museum of resorts and therms, the remains of Roman buildings).

In the Middle Ages , when hot springs were considered the breath of the underworld , many baths were destroyed. Others have turned into ruins from time to time.

In the Renaissance , the culture of healing on the waters began to revive. So on the map of Europe in XV appeared one of the most famous resorts of our time - Karlovy Vary . Resorts on the Baltic Sea , German resorts Baden-Baden and Aachen , the Belgian Spa and other now popular resorts soon became the center of meetings of high society.

In Russia, the first resort appeared at the beginning of the 18th century , when the Marcial Waters resort (1719) was built by decree of Peter I. In those same years, German. by the scientist H. Paulsen, at the behest of Peter the Great, “bader baths” were laid in the Lipetsk Salt Waters, which soon gained popularity in Russia and became the base of its second resort. The first official information about the mineral springs of the Caucasus is contained in the reports of Dr. Gottlieb Schober (1717), which was sent by the highest decree of Peter the Great to the region of the North Caucasus “to search for key waters” (an Arab traveler Ibn Battuta in the middle of the XIV century writes about a hot min. source in the North Caucasus - in the area of ​​modern Pyatigorsk ). After almost 100 years, on April 24, 1803, the decree of Emperor Alexander I was published “On the recognition of the Caucasian waters as a healing place of national importance.” Today, the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters: Zheleznovodsk , Essentuki , Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk are known far beyond Russia. However, like the future capital of the 2014 Olympic Games, Sochi , the English emissary Bella wrote in 1840 about the healing "fiery water" of Matsesta , whose sources have been known since ancient times, in 1840.

Medical science that studies the use of natural factors to restore ( medical rehabilitation ) human health is called balneology .

The medical science that studies the use of natural factors for the prevention of diseases in healthy people is called valeology .

• Resort architecture

• Wolfson I.Z. et al. Handbook of balneology and balneotherapy / Ch. ed. Yu. E. Danilova, P. G. Tsarfis. - M .: Medicine , 1973.- 648 p. - 100,000 copies.
• Resorts: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. E.I. Chazov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1983.- 592 p. - 100,000 copies.
• Vetitnev A. M., Zhuravleva L. B. Resort business: Textbook. allowance. - M .: KnoRus, 2007 .-- 528 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-85971-737-8 .