Pavilion

The purpose and appearance of the pavilions were very diverse, however, several stable types of pavilions can be distinguished.

• The Hermitage Pavilion (from French hermitage - a place of solitude). Such pavilions were preserved in Peterhof (built by order of Peter I) and in Kuskovo .

In the 1760s, Catherine II also built the Hermitage at the Winter Palace - now the Northern Pavilion of the Small Hermitage . It is here that the Hermitage Museum begins, now consisting of several much larger palace buildings.

• The Orangery Pavilion was a greenhouse. Some of the plants were in the building year-round, others in the summer in tubs were taken out to the park and arranged along the alleys, and in winter they were put back into the pavilion. Most of the plants were purely decorative, but sometimes exotic fruits were also grown in greenhouses ( pineapples were especially popular in Russia; they are even mentioned in Eugene Onegin :

Cages with songbirds and exotic birds could be hung in greenhouses. Outside, orangeries were usually decorated with columns, stucco molding and other architectural details.

Quite a lot of greenhouses have survived, for example, in the same Kuskovo , in Peterhof .

• The Hermit's Hut Pavilion is a modest-sized structure with an ascetic interior, usually located on the outskirts of the park.
• The pavilion, in a stylized form, reproducing the appearance and interior of buildings characteristic of different peoples of the world. Such a structure was intended only for the entertainment of the owner and guests. Three such pavilions have survived in Kuskovo - Dutch, Italian and Swiss houses; in Voronovo (Moscow region) - Dutch house .

There were many other varieties of pavilions - "Grottoes", "Aviaries" (for example, Aviary (Peterhof) ), Tea houses, and so on.

Nowadays such pavilions are almost not being built.

• Mobile Pavilions

These pavilions are modern, comfortable and functional.

Depending on the specifics of the event, the pavilion can be used as a solemn hall for wedding banquets or receptions or as an art gallery. The pavilion room is freely transformed into a hall for business presentations or corporate events, a prestigious conference hall, a spacious exhibition or trade fair ground, a hall for sports and chamber concerts, private parties, anniversaries and celebrations.

There are several types of mobile pavilions (mobile tent pavilions, quick-mounted structures, tents).

Among the well-known Russian estates in which pavilions interesting from an architectural point of view have been preserved, it can be noted

• Pavlovsk
• Tsarskoye Selo
• Gatchina (e.g. Eagle Pavilion )
• Peterhof
• Oranienbaum
• Kuskovo
• Kuzminki
• Neskuchny Garden (Neskuchny)
• Arkhangelsk

and many others.

A pavilion may also be called a separate building building, adjacent to the main building on the side, or occupying its center. This understanding of the term came from France, where the wings of the Tuileries Palace were called pavilions, in particular.

The pavilions were also called temporary structures erected at fairs and during festive celebrations. Such, usually wooden, pavilions were, nevertheless, stronger than the tents and could be much more elegantly decorated. Later, this understanding of the term also passed to the permanent buildings of Soviet agricultural exhibitions (for example, the All-Russian Exhibition Center , the pavilion "Makhorka" ).

In addition to these types of pavilions, designed not least to demonstrate taste and wealth, now the term "pavilion" is also called:

Separate, small buildings of shops, etc., as well as compartments of various companies and owners in shopping centers (shopping pavilions).

Buildings on sports grounds, equipped with premises for changing clothes and storing sports equipment, showers, etc.

The word “pavilion” is also used to mean a tent, summer accommodation, a dance hall, orchestra performance area.

In cinema, a pavilion is a specially adapted room designed for filming ^[1] . This concept has a similar meaning on television . Filming pavilions are a complex specialized construction specially designed for the rational placement of equipment, decorations and lighting fixtures. The first pavilion for filming called " Black Mary " was built by Thomas Edison in 1892 ^[2] .

Filming pavilions also exist for photographing. At the dawn of photography , when electric lighting was rare, such pavilions were built with a special glass roof, the slope of which was selected in such a way as to best use the light of the northern part of the sky , avoiding direct sunlight. The first filming pavilions of the beginning of the 20th century were also arranged ^[3] .

Previously, pavilions were built as linen tents are being assembled for special events, such as holidays, banquets in nature and balls, but later they became more solid structures, and by the end of the XVII century the term "pavilion" was applied to many garden buildings that were created for use in special cases.

• Tent
• Arbor
• Gazebo
• Greenhouse - in the modern sense.
• Gagra Pavilion - railway platform

• B. N. Konoplev . Fundamentals of film production / V. S. Bogatova. - 2nd ed .. - M .: " Art ", 1975. - 448 p. - 5000 copies
• Louis Forestier . The Great Mute / B. Kravchenko. - M .: " Goskinoizdat ", 1945. - 115 p. - 5000 copies
• Chronicle of the Film Industry // The Essential Reference Guide for Filmmakers = Cinematographer's Quick Reference. - Rochester : Eastman Kodak , 2007 .-- S. 5-18. - 214 p.