The section of the Ufa river between Timofeev and Zaikin stones

Russia , Middle Urals : Chelyabinsk region , Nyazepetrovsky district , the vicinity of the village of Araslanovo .

Ural caving country, West Ural caving province, Middle caving region, caving region of the Ufa Amphitheater, Upper Ufa caving subarea, Araslanov karst field ^[2] .

The most picturesque part of the Ufa river between Timofeev and Zaikin stones. At this point, the river makes its way among the mountainous elevation connecting the Bardym Range with the Ufa Plateau . Over the course of 6-7 km, the Ufa river flows like a coil, several times changes direction 180 degrees downstream, rocks and cliffs abruptly break off towards the river. In the area of ​​Araslanovo village, a solid stone wall approaches the river.

The uniqueness of the natural monument lies in its geographical position: the border of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia - is located almost nearby. Here the floristic border of the areas of broad-leaved European species and Siberian floristic elements of the black taiga is observed. Although the monument is located in the northern sector of the southern taiga zone, from the west it adjoins sections of man - made forest steppes , which determines the landscape contrast of the area and the uniqueness of the floral composition. Also, this site concentrated a significant number of unique objects: small lakes (which is absolutely not typical for karst areas), outlier rocks and large caves, a two-kilometer stone circus with a cave complex, picturesque estuaries of several small rivers with crystal clear and very cold water. In the rocky outcrops of the coast of Ufa there are more than 30 caves and grottoes.

geology

Relief: 100% low mountain (slopes - 45%, ancient leveling - 40%, bottom of the valley - 15%). The minimum height above sea level is 254.1 m, the maximum is 335.3 m. Sightseeing geological objects: 8 caves and grottoes. Sightseeing geomorphological objects: 9 erosion terraces. Climate: continental. The average monthly temperature of the warmest month is 16.4 degrees Celsius. Annual precipitation is 538 mm. The predominant types of soils are sod-podzolic, gray forest, floodplain, medium loamy, light loamy, sandy and sandy. Bedrock: limestones, sands, clays; depth from 0.1 m to 20 m.

biology

The most common type of native vegetation of the region is broad-leaved-coniferous and dark-coniferous forests of spruce and fir with a more or less significant admixture of linden, elm and maple. Acidic, cereal-grassy, ​​and large-fern forest types prevail with well-developed undergrowth and the participation of a number of non-moral species (Festuca altissima, F. gigantea, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Carex sylvatica, Galium odoratum, Stachys sylvatica, etc.). In the northern part of the region, rare specimens of Siberian cedar are very rarely found in dark coniferous forests. In small areas confined to the most fertile carbonate soils, broad-leaved forests — elm-maple-linden and occasionally oak. Pine forests are also widespread, usually with an admixture of linden (lime-blueberry, reed-grass, large-bracken-mixed). Forests in the region are severely disturbed by logging and fires, under the influence of which the indigenous types of forests have largely been replaced by derivatives of birch, aspen and low-productivity broad-leaved (mainly linden) forests, usually with an admixture of spruce, fir and pine. Among the forests, meadow glades are often found, covered with mesophytic grass-mixed meadows, in most cases of post-forest origin. In the upper parts of the slopes of the mountain ranges there are tall grass meadows, the species composition of the communities of which is similar to that of the subalpine tall grasses of the higher mountains of the Southern Urals (Aconogonon alpinum, Aconitum septentrionale, Crepis sibirica, Cicerbita uralensis, Senecio nemorensis drurosis). In the valleys of Ufa and its main tributaries, sections of floodplain cereal-forb meadows alternate with temperate alder-bird cherry thickets, in the grass cover of which a number of nemoral ephemeroids (Anemonoides uralensis, Ficaria verna, Corydalis bulbosa) are represented. Wetland vegetation in the district is relatively rare. In addition to the swampy willows and sedge hummocks that are often found in the Ufa valley, there is a relatively large array of mesotrophic sedge-sphagnum bogs with rare boreal species (Betula humilis, Salix lapponum, S. myrtilloides, Ledum palustre, Carex disperma, C. dioica, C. pauciflora, C. paupercula, C. tenuiflora, etc.) is present at the confluence of the river. Dogwood in Ufa. Petrophytic communities are found on rock outcrops along the banks of Ufa and its tributaries, the composition of which is characteristic of the forest zone of the Urals (Elytrigia reflexiaristata, E. elongatiformis, Schivereckia hyperborea, Potentilla longifolia, Thymus punctulosus, Crepis foliosa, etc.) and includes a number of species rare for the region (Gymnocarpium robertianum, Artemisia santolinifolia, Potentilla kuznetzowii, Helianthemum nummularium). On the limestone outcrops and slopes of the right bank of Ufa near the village. Shemakha contains fragments of steppe vegetation, which includes a number of rare for the region steppe and petrophyte-steppe species - Stipa pennata, Festuca valesiaca, Echinops crispus, Minuartia krascheninnikovii, Carex pediformis, Helictotrichon schellianum, Serratula gmelinii, Nepeta pissma , Oxytropis pilosa, Potentilla humifusa, Cerasus fruticosa, Adonis vernalis, etc. Insignificant fragments of petrophyte-steppe vegetation with the participation of rare species (Stipa dasyphylla, Carex amgunensis, C. obtusata) are also found in the extreme southeast of the region where they are confined to the summit stony hills on the right bank of Ufa near its sources (Mount “Verkhne- Shigirskaya Sopka ").

The species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation are also found: Magpie Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus longipes), Cirrus feathery (Stipa pennata), Venus slipper (Cypripedium calceolus), Minuartsia Helma (Minuartia helmii), Uralitsa Uralia (Anemonoides), Anemones (northern, hiccup, mountain (Schivereckia hyperborea)).

And species included additionally in the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region : Nesting real (Neottia nidus-avis), Dremlik dark red (Epipactis atrorubens), Pure white water lily (Nymphaea candida), Kuznetsov’s cinquefoil (Potentilla kuznetzowii), Primrose corteous ( Primrose ) .

rock (brought) and the Timofeev Stone cave complex

The rock is located on the left bank of the Ufa river. The southern end of the tributary extends to the river; to the north, downstream of the river, the rock mass gradually moves away from the river bank. The Timofeev Stone cave complex was discovered and identified in a rock in May 2004 during a speleoarchaeological and paleontological survey conducted by V. I. Yurin. It consists of 9 caves and grottoes, including the Timofeev Kamen-1 cave and the Timofeev Kamen grotto Small ”and“ Timofeev Stone Big ”. Comprehensive research was conducted in 2004. Archaeological and paleontological (Holocene) materials were discovered in the grotto “Timofeev Kameniy Malyi”. It is an archaeological cave complex. The name of the complex was given by the head of the expedition under the name of the tribe (rock). Object of scientific and educational recreational value.

Tabusca River

Tabuska River is a right tributary of the Ufa River. The mouth is opposite the Timofeev rock. The source is on the southern slope of Mount Birch near the village of Tabuska .

Rassipnaya River

The Rassypnaya River is the right tributary of the Ufa River. The mouth is a few hundred meters downstream from the mouth of the neighboring Tabuska River. It is noteworthy in that it has a right tributary, also called Tabuska , but it is another river that originates on the northern slope of Slam Mountain near the village of Araslanovo , and not the neighboring river of the same name flowing into the Ufa River.

Cheremshanka River

The Cheremshanka River ( Tat. "Cirmesh" - Cheremis ) is the left tributary of the Ufa River. A small river, but it is noteworthy in that the village of the Mari Cheremis was once located along the channel. A small area flows through a lake with swampy shores (the old river Ufa), and the mouth is located on the old riverbed of the Ufa river, which is gradually turning into an old river.

Saharka River

Sakharka river ( tat. "Sakryk" from tat. Sazlamyk and bashk. Ҙаҙлыҡ - " swamp ", "quagmire") is the left tributary of the Ufa river. The mouth is located on the site of the old Ufa riverbed, which is gradually turning into an old man. The shores, especially at the mouth, are clayey, viscous, marshy - hence the name in the local Tatar dialect, Russified as Sugar.

rock and cave "Ribbed"

A rock on the left bank of the Ufa River, 1.8 km south of the village of Araslanovo, downstream of the mouth of the Sakharka River. The local name is "Ike-Tash" ( Tat. Ike - two).

In the rock, the ribbed cave, which has two entrances, has been discovered and explored. Represents a highly ramified system of moves and grottoes. The total length of the cave is 115 m: the left part is 55.8 m, the right part is 59 m. The left part of the cave has not been fully studied, since one of its passages is almost constantly filled with water. The cave is interesting in the ribbed structure of the walls (the walls are broken by numerous inclined cracks). The cave floor is uneven, covered with a thick layer of karst clay, littered with limestone blocks, a lot of alluvial material (wood bark, sticks and logs). In spring, part of the cave is flooded. All the cave passages are oriented along tectonic cracks and are mostly narrow. At the entrance there is a drop of water from the vaults. In summer, the temperature in the cave does not exceed + 4 ° С.

Araslanovo Village

The village of Araslanovo (until 1995 - the village) is located on the left bank of the Ufa River. A reinforced concrete bridge is thrown across the river (until 1992 - wooden, erected annually after ice drift ). On the right bank of the river is a livestock farm. A little downstream the river is a traditional venue for the residents of the village to celebrate the Sabantuy holiday. A small river Aldakul flows through the village and flows into Ufa.

Rogovik rock

A rock with an outlier in the form of a horn is located on the left bank of the Ufa River, on the outskirts of the village of Araslanovo. From the side of the village it resembles the head of a rhino with a horn, hence the name. The lower edge of the outlier does not reach the river.

rock and cave "Araslanovskaya"

The rock is located on the left bank of the Ufa river next to the Rogovik rock, which is often confused. The larger, lower part extends into the river. There is a shallow cave in the rock. From a certain observation point, a little downstream it resembles a huge lion ( Tat. Aryslan - lion ) lying on its belly and drinking water from the river.

rock and cave complex "Yaman-Tash"

The rock is located on the right bank of the Ufa river. The rock is probably named after the “singing cave” in it (different sounds are heard in windy weather) and the natural excavation in the rock resembling the head of a person from the side of the river - “the head of the shaman” ( Tat. Yaman - bad, deceiving + tat. tash - rock, stone). Also found in the rock are rock paintings of the Neolithic era “ Araslanovskaya Pisanitsa ” and a camp of people of the same era in one of the caves. The scribble was discovered in 1968 by V.T. Petrin, studied by V.N. Shirokov in the 90s of the last century. It is represented by 2 groups of drawings (6 and 8 images) and two single drawings ^[3] .

In the rock "Yaman-Tash" discovered and identified the cave complex "Yaman-Tash" (according to other sources - "Araslanovsky-2") in 1996, during the first speleoarchaeological and paleontological survey conducted by V. Yurin. It consists of 11 caves , including the cave "Yaman-Tash." Comprehensive research was conducted in 1996 and 2002. In the cave "Yaman-Tash" were discovered in 1966, 1996 and 2002 archaeological (era: bronze , early Iron Age , Middle Ages ) and paleontological ( Holocene ) materials. It is an archaeological cave complex. The name of the complex was given by the participants of the 1996 expedition on the name of the rock. Object of scientific and educational recreational value.

Rocks "Elk" and "Stone-heap"

The rock "Elk" is located on the left bank of the Ufa River. It resembles the figure of an elk (pictured: head to the right along the river). Next to it in the river is the rock "Kopn-Kopna" - a once-chipped rock that broke away from the rock. It resembles a small haystack .

Mill River

The Melnichnaya River is the right tributary of the Ufa River. It is interesting in that it begins with a powerful spring in a cave. Before the revolution , a water mill was located at the mouth.

rock "Zaikin stone" and the cave "Stalactite"

The rock is located on the right bank of the Ufa river. The name, apparently, arose from the fact that the rock resembles the head of a hare with folded ears and eye ( mainsail ).

There is a cave "Stalactite" in the rock. A 40 cm x 25 cm entrance is located at the bottom of the cliff. The total length of the cave is 27.5 m, depth 2.5 m, height 0.9-1.6 m. It has a zigzag shape, comes out on the other side of the cliff with a narrow hole and is not accessible to everyone. The cave is located in an array of Carboniferous limestones of relatively low density. The name of the cave is due to the fact that there are sintered calcite formations on the walls and ceiling (small stalactites , garlands, kidneys, flat cakes resembling fish scales in shape, scallops, etc.). In winter, the ceiling at the entrance is strewn with beautiful ice crystals of various shapes and sizes. The fauna is represented by many mosquitoes, as well as bats.

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  Rock "Timofeev Stone" (southern tip of the tributary)

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  Rock "Ike-tash" (cave in the western half of the rock)

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  Araslanovo village is located in a stone circus - a cone-shaped section of the river floodplain, on the left bank

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  Rocks “Rogovik” and “Araslanovskaya”

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  Rock “Rogovik” (view from the side of the rock “Araslanovskaya”, in the background - the village of Araslanovo)

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  The rock "Araslanovskaya" ("Өй-таш"), the entrance to the cave. Bottom view of the stream.

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  Araslanovskaya rock cave, inside at the entrance

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  The rock "Yaman-tash." View of the Ufa River upstream. In the background, the village of Araslanovo

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  The rock "Yaman-tash." View of the Ufa River downstream. In the background, the cliffs "Elk" and "Stone-mop"

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  One of the caves of the cave complex "Yaman-Tash"

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  The rock "Yaman-tash." “Shaman's head” - a natural notch in the rock massif, reminiscent of a person’s face

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  Rock "Yaman-tash", view from the left bank of the river

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  Cave complex "Yaman-tash". Element of "Araslanovskaya pisanitsa"

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  The element of “Araslanovskaya pisanitsa” is orange, circled in black (blue - a modern image)

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  The rock "Elk" and the rock "Stone-mop" ("Chүmәlә-tash")

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  "Rock-mop"

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  The rock “Zaikin Stone” (“Kuyan-tash”) (panoramic picture) resembling the head of a hare with a grotto-eye and ears folded behind

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  Rock "Zaikin Stone" view downstream

The Decree of the Government of the Chelyabinsk Region dated March 20, 2013 No. 84-P “On the Provisions on Natural Monuments of the Chelyabinsk Region” established the regime of special protection of the natural monument of the Ufa river section between Timofeev and Zaikin stones. Within the boundaries of the natural monument, the section of the Ufa river between Timofeev and Zaikin stones is prohibited:

1) construction of buildings and structures, carrying out filling of the bottom and coastal strip of a water body, dredging and other works related to changing the bottom and banks of a water body;
2) the provision of land and forest land for new construction, including for individual housing construction, summer cottage construction, gardening and horticulture, farming, personal subsidiary plots;
3) the provision of land and forest land for recreational use with the placement of capital and non-capital construction projects, temporary structures, with the exception of arbors, awnings, benches and other similar objects for an indefinite number of people;
4) wastewater discharge;
5) the use of a water body without permits provided for by applicable law;
6) felling (with the exception of sanitary felling);
7) conducting survey, blasting, drilling operations, mining, with the exception of the extraction of groundwater for drinking water;
8) placement of cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, places of burial of production and consumption waste, radioactive, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous, toxic substances, fertilizers, as well as their storage;
9) the use of pesticides and other chemical plant protection products and plant growth stimulants that can adversely affect tree-shrub vegetation and objects of the animal world, including for scientific purposes, with the exception of cases related to forest protection;
10) the placement of parking lots of vehicles, repair shops, gas stations, washing vehicles;
11) the movement of motor vehicles off the public roads, with the exception of vehicles used in the line of duty of the Ministry of Radiation and Environmental Safety of the Chelyabinsk Region, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Management in the Chelyabinsk Region, General Directorate of Forests of the Chelyabinsk Region, Regional State Institution “Specially Protected Natural Territories rya of the Chelyabinsk region ”, regional specialized budgetary institution“ Center for fire fighting and forest protection of the Chelyabinsk region ”. Road vehicles of landowners, land users, forest users and land owners are allowed to travel to the plots owned, used or owned by the Ufa river between Timofeev and Zaikin stones located within the boundaries of the natural monument;
12) excavation, violation of the soil-vegetable layer, with the exception of forestry and fire prevention;
13) plowing of land, pasture and grazing of farm animals, horseback riding, haying outside designated areas;
14) burning dry leaves and grass, making bonfires outside specially designated and equipped places, holding agricultural bollards, with the exception of scheduled annealing conducted by specialists of institutions subordinate to the Main Forest Management of the Chelyabinsk Region, in order to reduce the fire hazard;
15) procurement of medicinal plants, technical raw materials, wood juices, berries, mushrooms, fruits, nuts, not for their own needs, picking gum;
16) damage to information signs and full houses;
17) the destruction of natural objects;
18) drawing inscriptions on natural objects.

13. On the territory of the natural monument, the section of the Ufa river between Timofeev and Zaikin stones, reconstruction of linear structures is allowed only if there is a positive conclusion from the state environmental review, state review of design documentation (in cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation).

• Shamakhy karst field

• The Red Book of the Southern Urals website (with the assistance of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) / Chelyabinsk Region / Specially protected natural territories
• Ural Nature Management Site (Institute of Mineralogy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass) / List of Specially Protected Natural Areas
• Site "Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Chelyabinsk Region" (Ministry of Radiation and Environmental Safety of the Chelyabinsk Region) (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Archived on April 13, 2014.
• Local history portal of the Chelyabinsk region
• “Araslanovo” - the issue of the program “If you can’t sit at home” on the Pervouralsk TV (PTV) channel dated August 30, 2017

• A consolidated list of specially protected natural areas of the Russian Federation (reference). Part II.//Potapova N.A., Nazyrova R.I., Zabelina N.M., Isaeva-Petrova L.S., Korotkov V.N., Ochagov D.M. / M .: VNIIprirody , 2006 ., 364 p. ISBN 5-7640-0031-9 . Page 203.
• “Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Chelyabinsk Region”. V.A. Bakunin, V.N. Vorontsev, A.S. Matveev, Yu. N. Razumov, N.K. Shapkina, N.T. Matveev. Edited by A. S. Matveev. Chelyabinsk, ATOKSO, 1992
• Decision of the Executive Committee of the Chelyabinsk Regional Council of People’s Deputies dated October 23, 1989 No. 407 “On attributing nature of regional significance to natural monuments” (as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Chelyabinsk Region dated March 17, 2008 No. 42-P).
• Decree of the Legislative Assembly of the Chelyabinsk Region dated March 20, 1997 No. 57 “On the Procedure for Using Natural Monuments of the Chelyabinsk Region”. (as amended by resolutions of the Legislative Assembly of the region dated March 30, 2000 No. 820; dated September 27, 2001 No. 269; dated March 25, 2004 No. 1165; dated April 27, 2006 No. 99).
• Decree of the Government of the Chelyabinsk region dated February 21, 2008 No. 34-P “On approval of the Scheme for the development and deployment of specially protected natural territories of the Chelyabinsk region for the period until 2020” (as amended on December 15, 2010, June 26, 2013) .
• Decree of the Government of the Chelyabinsk Region dated May 18, 2011 No. 153-P “On Amending Certain Decisions of the Executive Committee of the Chelyabinsk Regional Council of People's Deputies”.
• Decree of the Legislative Assembly of the Chelyabinsk Region of November 29, 2012 No. 1256 "On approving the border of the natural monument of the Chelyabinsk region of the Ufa river section between Timofeev and Zaikin stones."
• Decree of the Government of the Chelyabinsk region dated March 20, 2013 No. 84-P "On the provisions on natural monuments of the Chelyabinsk region."