Bunge y Born or Bunge & Born ( Rus. Bunhe and Born ) is a multinational corporation based in Argentina . The group's headquarters was located in Buenos Aires. Once the largest and oldest monopolistic group of the country, it had branches and representative offices in 110 countries of the world [3] .
| Bunhe and Bourne Spanish Bunge y born | |
|---|---|
| Type of | Private company |
| Base | 1884 |
| Abolished | 1994 |
| Reason for Abolition | Converted to Bunge International |
| Successor |  Bunge limited  Bunge argentina |
| Founders | Ernesto Bunge |
| Location | Argentina : Buenos Aires |
| Industry | agriculture , trade , chemical industry |
| Products | food , varnishes, paints |
| Operating profit | $ 2 billion (1962) $ 900 million (1985) [1] [2] |
| Number of employees | 20 thousand |
Content
History
The Bunhe & Born company was founded in 1884 by Ernesto Bunge, an Argentine of German descent, and his brother-in-law, Jorge Born, who arrived from Antwerp [1] . The first uncle, Karl Bunge, was the consul general of the Netherlands and Prussia in Argentina. The company replaced the Bunge Company , founded in Amsterdam by Johan Bung in 1818. After the purchase of 60 thousand hectares of land in fertile pampas, Bunge & Born built in 1899 its first-born in the food industry - the Centenera plant. Centenera was one of the largest enterprises in the country in this area, since 1902 it was closely associated with the fair in Puerto Madero , and on the basis of which the company Molinos Río de la Plata (later a leader in the local retail food market).
In principle, cats, a hare, and a turtle can enter the luxurious Bunhe Born department store or law offices on San Martin Street, causing only surprise or great enthusiasm for telephone operators who are greedy for sensations or, in extreme cases, an order from a doorman about removing the above animals.
By the 1980s, Bunhe and Bourne had become the country's largest monopoly group in the country, owned 90 enterprises with 20 thousand employees. The branch network has spread to neighboring Brazil and other countries. The area of land was 552 thousand hectares [4] .
Operation Twins
By the beginning of the 1970s, the new left-wing Peronist radicals - " Monteros ", after a series of abductions of famous politicians, got to big capital. On September 19, 1974, the militants, disguised as employees of the state-owned communications company Entel , attacked a convoy of co-owners of the Bunhe and Born corporation, the Born brothers, Jorge and Juan . Having shot the guards and the head of Molinos Rio de la Plata, Alberto Bosch, the montoneros were dragged from the Ford Falcon de Luxe car by businessmen and taken to an unknown destination [5] [6] . The militants issued a communiqué that evening, taking responsibility for the abduction. The ransom was offered by Jorge Born III himself, having allocated 64 million US dollars from the company's budget - the largest ransom in world history at that time [5] [7] . This event triggered a relocation of headquarters to Brazilian São Paulo , and, indirectly, brought closer the 1976 coup .
BB Program
A series of military dictatorships, civilian terror, defeat in the Falkland War led to a deep economic crisis in Argentina. Towards the end of the reign of radical Raul Alfonsin, the situation only worsened. The peronist Carlos Menem , who came to power, warned the people of Argentina that they should prepare for a “serious surgery without anesthesia.” Under these conditions, Bunche and Born proposed to the government its own program to save the national economy . B&B allocated $ 2.5 billion to the state in return for the opportunity to put its own man - Nestor Mario Rapanelli Minister of Economics and the implementation of the stabilization plan [1] . The corporation hoped to return its investments against future tax revenues. In addition, $ 1 billion was allocated by oil companies. However, the program successfully operated relatively successfully only for three months [2] , and the resignation of Nestor Rapanelli can be considered the end of the program [8] . The failure of the stabilization plan undermined the position of the Born family in the group. The head of the B&B was Octavio Caraballo ( Spanish: Octavio Caraballo ), who later began the process of restructuring the group.
Owners and management
The main shareholders of the group were the Bunche, Born, Hirsch, Engels and De La Tour families [1] .
Activities
The company worked in the food industry and international trade in grain and oilseeds. The main asset of the group in Argentina was the company Molinos Río de la Plata , which, after the collapse of the group and relocation to the United States, was bought by the Argentine family Perez Kompank .
In 1905, Bunge and Bourne founded a mortgage bank - Banco Hipotecario Franco Argentino and its branch in Brazil, and by 1910 the group controlled 80% of Argentine grain exports (the country was, by then, the third largest grain exporter in the world) [9] . Later, a paint company Alba (1925), a chemical concern Compañía Química and a textile manufacturer Grafa (1932) were formed [1] . In 1926, the head office of the company was built in Buenos Aires on Leandro Alema Avenue. The neo - Gothic building design was designed by local architect Pablo Naeff.
End
Domestic political turmoil, a series of military governments, and the instability of the political system led to Argentina’s difficult economic situation. Under these conditions, “Bunhe and Bourne” in 1994 was transformed into Bunge International registered in Bermuda [10] , while retaining in Argentina only a branch - Bunge Argentina . By that time, the annual turnover of the company reached 13 billion US dollars [11] . A similar example of the collapse of a successful company was typical of Argentina during the post-dictatorial rule. For example, the large "Alpargatas" with the brand “Topper” From an Argentine company, it turned into a branch of Brazilian .
See also
- Arcor
- Techint
- El tejar
- Oriole Holding
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Eduardo Anaya Franco. La Bunge & Born un Conglomerado Multinacional (Spanish) . - UNMSN. - P. 111-119 .
- ↑ 1 2 SHIRLEY CHRISTIAN . INTERNATIONAL REPORT; Inflation Unites Peronists and Argentine Business (English) , The New York Times (August 9, 1989). Date of treatment August 24, 2014.
- ↑ Business Week . October 19, 1963
- ↑ Stroganov A. I. Neoconservative variant of economic development. Military regimes of the 70–80s // The latest history of Latin America. - M: Higher school, 1995 .-- S. 261. - 415 p. - 15,000 copies. - ISBN 5-06-002830-5 .
- ↑ 1 2 Antonius CGM Robben. Political Violence and Trauma in Argentina . - University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011 .-- S. 142. - 480 p. - ISBN 9-780-81220-331-8.
- ↑ Ernesto Jauretche. No dejés que te la cuenten: violencia y política en los 70 . - Ediciones Colihue SRL, 1997 .-- S. 240. - 310 p. - ISBN 9-505-81801-7 .
- ↑ SHIRLEY CHRISTIAN . ARGENTINE REBEL CHIEF CONVICTED (English) , The New York Times (May 20, 1987). Date of treatment August 22, 2014.
- ↑ Dmitry Travin . Argentina: The “One Hundred Years” of Populism and the Decade of Reform // Star . - 1999. - No. 7 . - ISSN 0321-1878 .
- ↑ Rock, David. Argentina: 1516-1982. University of California Press, 1987. p. 172
- ↑ Bunge timeline Archived July 18, 2011.
- ↑ Dario Datri , Andres Borenstein. La retirada final del grupo Bunge & Born (Spanish) , Clarín (31 de mayo de 1998). Archived on May 1, 2015. Date of treatment August 24, 2014.
Links
- Official site of Bunge Argentina, successor to Bunge y Born (Spanish) . Date of treatment August 24, 2014.