December 13th

National

•   Malta - Republic Day.

  Religious

  Orthodoxy ^{[2] [3]}

• memory of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called (c. 62);
• memory of St. Frumentius , Archbishop of India (Ethiopia) (c. 380);
• memory of the holy martyr John Chestnov, presbyter (1937).

  Other denominations

• Saint Lucia Day
• Day of Saints Thaddeus and Bartholomew in Armenia ^[4] .

Name Day

• Orthodox: Andrew .

Until the 20th century.

• 1642 - Dutch navigator Abel Tasman was the first among Europeans to discover New Zealand ^[5] .
• 1864 - Paraguay declared war on the Brazilian Empire . The beginning of the Paraguay war .

XX century

• 1922 - The 1st Transcaucasian Congress of Soviets ( Baku ) transformed the Federal Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia, created on March 12, 1922, into a single Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic .
• 1937 - Japanese troops captured the Chinese city ​​of Nanjing . The Nanking massacre began , which lasted 6 weeks and as a result of which, according to various sources, from 150 to 300 thousand people were killed.
• 1941 - severe flooding in Huaraz ( Peru ) caused by a breakaway piece of a glacier that fell into Lake Palkakocha . Killed from 6 to 7 thousand people.
• 1967 - The US launched the successful launch of the Pioneer-8 spacecraft.
• 1974 - Stanislav Kurilov escaped from the USSR , jumping off the ship and sailing about 100 km.
• 1981 - the introduction of martial law in Poland (canceled July 22, 1983 ).
• 1989 - The Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union ( LDPSS ) of V.V. Zhirinovsky was created .
• 1991 - the Football Federation of Ukraine was established
• 1996 - Kofi Annan was elected UN Secretary General .

21st Century

• 2003
  • In the area of Tikrit ( Iraq ), Saddam Hussein was arrested.
  • In Salsk ( Rostov Region ), the first monument to the leader of the White movement, General Markov, was erected in Russia .

See also: Category: Born on December 13

Until the 19th century

• 1533 - Eric XIV (d. 1577 ), king of Sweden (1560-1568), from the Vasa dynasty.
• 1553 - Henry IV the Great (killed in 1610 ), king of Navarre (from 1572) and France (from 1589), the first king of the Bourbon dynasty.
• 1684 - Ludwig Holberg (d. 1754 ), Norwegian-Danish writer, playwright, philosopher and historian.
• 1720 - Carlo Gozzi (d. 1806 ), Italian playwright.
• 1780
  • Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (d. 1849 ), German chemist.
  • Count Karl Nesselrode (d. 1862 ), Russian statesman.
• 1797 - Heinrich Heine (d. 1856 ), German poet, publicist, critic.

XIX century

• 1816 - Werner von Siemens (d. 1892 ), German engineer, inventor, scientist, industrialist, founder of the Siemens company.
• 1823 - Jules Louis Leval (d. 1908 ), French general, Minister of War of France, military theorist and writer ^[6] .
• 1827 - Girolamo Induno (d. 1890 ), Italian painter.
• 1839 - Peter Ballod (d. 1918 ), Russian doctor, philosopher, revolutionary.
• 1846 - Nikolai Yaroshenko (d. 1898 ), Russian artist- Wanderer .
• 1867 - Christian Birkeland (d. 1917 ), Norwegian scientist, the first to explain the essence of the aurora .
• 1873 - Valery Bryusov (d. 1924 ), Russian writer, translator, literary critic, literary critic.
• 1874 - Joseph Levin (d. 1944 ), Russian-American pianist and teacher.
• 1876 - Nikolai Dukhonin (killed in 1917 ), Lieutenant General, Supreme Commander of the Russian Army at the end of 1917
• 1882 - Leo Karsavin (d. 1952 ), Russian philosopher, historian, poet.
• 1887 - György Poia (d. 1985 ), Hungarian, Swiss and American mathematician, popularizer of science.
• 1893 - Mikola Khvylova (committed suicide in 1933 ), Ukrainian writer and publicist.

XX century

• 1902 - Talcott Parsons (d. 1979 ), American sociologist-theorist.
• 1903 - Evgeny Petrov (died in 1942 ), Russian Soviet writer.
• 1907 - Theodor Buinitsky (killed in 1944 ), Polish poet and journalist.
• 1908 - Rostislav Plyatt (d. 1989 ), theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1913 - Maurice Slobodskaya (d. 1991 ), Soviet prose writer, playwright, screenwriter and poet.
• 1923 - Anthony Tapies (d. 2012 ), Spanish Catalan artist, sculptor and art theorist.
• 1927 - Leonid Markov (d. 1991 ), theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1928 - Velta Vilcina (d. 1995 ), Latvian ballet dancer, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1930 - Nikolai Rybnikov (d. 1990 ), actor, People's Artist of the RSFSR.
• 1937 - Paul Maar , German children's writer, playwright, translator and illustrator.
• 1942 - Anatoly Smelyansky , Soviet and Russian theater critic, theater historian.
• 1946 - Vladimir Bystryakov , Soviet and Ukrainian composer, pianist, showman.
• 1948 - Ted Nugent , American guitarist, singer, songwriter.
• 1950 - Lyudmila Senchina (d. 2018 ), Soviet and Russian singer, actress, people's artist of Russia.
• 1957 - Steve Buscemi , American film and television actor, winner of the Golden Globe Award.
• 1964 - Hideto Matsumoto (committed suicide in 1998 ), Japanese singer and musician.
• 1967 - Jamie Foxx , American actor and singer, Academy Award winner.
• 1969
  • Sergey Fedorov , Soviet and Russian hockey player.
  • Murat Nasyrov (died in 2007 ), a Kazakh and Russian singer and composer.
• 1975 - Tom DeLong , American musician, vocalist and guitarist of punk rock - and pop-rock band " blink-182 ".
• 1981 - Amy Lee , American alternative rock singer.
• 1984 - Santiago Cazorla Gonzalez , Spanish footballer, European champion (2008 and 2012).
• 1989 - Taylor Swift , American country singer.
• 1990 - Arancha Rus , Dutch tennis player.

See also: Category: Deceased December 13

Until the 19th century

• 1124 - Calixtus II ( Count Guido , or Guy of Burgundy in the world; b.c. 1060 ), 162nd Pope (1119-1124).
• 1204 - Maimonides (b. 1135 ), Spanish philosopher, Jewish enlightener, interpreter of the Talmud .
• 1250 - Frederick II (b. 1194 ), emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1220-1250).
• 1466 - Donatello (born c. 1386 ), Italian sculptor.
• 1516 - Johann Tritemius (b. 1462 ), German scholar, abbot , Christian humanist, one of the founders of cryptography .
• 1521 - Manuel I (b. 1469 ), 5th king of Portugal (1495-1521), from the Avis dynasty .
• 1565 - Konrad Gesner (b. 1516 ), Swiss naturalist, philologist and bibliographer.
• 1754 - Mahmoud I (b. 1696 ), Sultan of Turkey (1730-1754).
• 1774 - Susanna Catherine von Klettenberg (b. 1723 ), German nun and poetess.
• 1784 - Samuel Johnson (b. 1709 ), English critic, essayist and poet.

XIX century

• 1863 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel (b. 1813 ), German playwright.
• 1867 - Arthur Grotger (b. 1837 ), Polish artist.
• 1883 - Pierre Martin Victor Richard de Laprad (b. 1812 ), French poet, member of the French Academy .

XX century

• 1904 - Nikolai Sklifosovsky (b. 1836 ), Russian surgeon.
• 1909 - Innokenty Annensky (b. 1855 ), Russian poet, playwright, critic, translator.
• 1911 - Nikolay Beketov (b. 1827 ), one of the founders of physical chemistry and chemical dynamics .
• 1922 - John William Godward (b. 1861 ), English neoclassical artist.
• 1930 - Fritz Pregl (b. 1869 ), Austrian chemist, Nobel laureate (1923).
• 1934 - Jose Santos Ciocano (b. 1875 ), Peruvian poet and diplomat.
• 1935 - François Auguste Victor Grignard (b. 1871 ), French chemist, Nobel laureate (1912).
• 1944 - Vasily Kandinsky (b. 1866 ), Russian artist, one of the founders of abstract art.
• 1947 - Nicholas Roerich (b. 1874 ), Russian artist, philosopher, archaeologist, traveler, public figure.
• 1955 - Antonio Egash Monis (b. 1874 ), Portuguese psychiatrist and neurosurgeon, Nobel laureate (1949).
• 1961 - Anna Mary Moses (b. 1860 ), American artist, one of the main representatives of primitivism in painting.
• 1967 - Valeria Barsova (b. 1892 ), opera singer, teacher, public figure, people's artist of the USSR.
• 1971 - Semyon Sarkisov (b. 1895 ), Soviet neurologist and neurophysiologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences .
• 1984 - Nikolay Shchelokov (b. 1910 ) committed suicide, Minister of the Interior of the USSR in 1966-1982.
• 1988 - Fedor Reshetnikov (b. 1906 ), Soviet painter and graphic artist, vice president of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1974-1987).
• 1994 - Olga Rubtsova (b. 1909 ), fourth world chess champion.

21st Century

• 2001 - Chuck Schuldiner (b. 1967 ), songwriter, guitarist and vocalist of the American band Death .
• 2002 - Nasser Kulsariyev (b. 1958 ), Kazakh poet bard.
• 2003 - Xie Tian (b. 1914 ), actor and director, one of the founders of Chinese cinema.
• 2007 - Akiva Yaglom (born 1921 ), Soviet and American physicist, mathematician; Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences, professor. The twin brother of the mathematician Isaac Jaglom .
• 2009
  • Isaac Magiton (b. 1922 ), Soviet and Russian film director.
  • Paul Samuelson (b. 1915 ), American economist, Nobel Laureate in Economics (1970).
• 2012 - Natalia Kustinskaya (b. 1938 ), theater and film actress, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation.

St. Andrew's night . Fortunetelling day. St. Andrew. Andrew the First-Called.

In the old days, they heard water from Andrey: in the morning they went to the river, chopped an ice hole before scooping up the water, knelt down on the edge of the ice hole, pressed their ears to the ice and listened:

• When noisy water, then you have to wait for a blizzard, icy.
• When the water is quiet on St. Andrew’s, winter will be quiet, good ^{[7] [8]} .