Dolinin, Alexey Vasilievich

Born in the village of Yagodnoye in 1893 in a peasant family. He participated in the First World War, rose to the rank of lieutenant , had military awards.

In 1918 he returned from the front to his native village, where his wife and two sons remained. He was elected the village chairman of the meeting of demobilized soldiers, a deputy of the executive committee, the first Soviet people's judge of the volost court. In March 1918, under his leadership and the name of the revolution, the manager of the estate of Count Orlov-Davydov was expelled from the volost. He enjoyed authority among fellow villagers for his sharp mind, cheerful disposition and peasant budget. He later recalled this:

The population took me for a Bolshevik, since I abolished the volost zemstvo and restored Soviet power in the village

.

The peasant uprising that began in early March 1919, which became known as the Chapan War , reached Berry . On March 5, 1919, Alexei Dolinin in the village of Yagodnoye took an active part in the clash with the punitive detachment sent to suppress the uprising. As a result, the detachment went over to the side of the rebels, and its commander Greenberg was captured and executed. After this victory, Dolinin, as a person with combat experience, led a detachment of Yagodins. At the head of his detachment on March 7, 1919, he, along with other rebel detachments, entered the county town of Stavropol (now Togliatti ). At a rally of many thousands, he was elected commandant of the city, which was also the largest settlement occupied by the rebels, thus placing him at the head of the uprising. His assistants, the head of the garrison, the commission of inquiry were also elected.

Standing at the head of the uprising, Alexei Dolinin issued an appeal to the citizens of Russia:

“To the Orthodox citizens of Russia. Citizens! The time has come, Orthodox Russia has woken up. Peasants, peasants rebelled. Orthodox citizens, I urge a general uprising, our enemy, who has abused our Orthodox faith, is fleeing. Respond and rebel. God with us. ... You peasants are now strong in your desire to die, going to the battle with your bare hands against the dominance of dark personalities from the Communist Party, but remember that you still have some advice. Advice - our flesh and blood, where they fought off the noose of slavery. The former defenders of the Constituent Assembly also recognize that only the power of the Soviets, the poorest peasants and workers will consolidate our gains. Citizens, find the opportunity to explain to the nearest center - Samara, the goal of our struggle. Comrade intellectuals, explain to the peasants their movement, direct it in the right direction. Join the people and help him in a difficult matter. Tell yourself: down with the seat between the chairs, down with the third position, for life itself will destroy it, and you will not find it. If you try to find, then forget about the “unified labor school”. Do not let the peasants throw you in reproach, asking: “Where have you been and what have we heard from you? Comrades! In this difficult time, there is no place for indifference, we will make every effort to find a way to an early and painless resolution of the situation "".

He also appealed to the Red Army:

“Comrades, brothers of the Red Army! .. We, the uprising toilers, the breadwinners of the entire population of Russia, the peasants, appeal to you and declare that we did not rebel against the Soviet Government, but rebelled against the dictatorship, the dominance of communists - tyrants and robbers. We declare that the Soviet Government remains in place. The Soviets are not destroyed, but in the Soviets there should be persons elected from the population, known to the people of the area. We do not step back a step from the Constitution of the RSFSR and are guided by it. We urge you, brothers of the Red Army, to join us, who have risen for a just cause ... ”

- ^[1]

Dolinin gave a number of other orders and announcements, in particular: “The Bolsheviks ordered to remove the icons from public places. Immediately begin restoration of the icons, since the religion of the Orthodox peasants cannot go forward without the help of God "," I bring to the attention of citizens that no movement will be given to the anonymous letters addressed to the commandant "," I bring to the attention of the wives and families of the Red Army and Communists: report all the scoldings and violence from the peasant army to me, without hesitation. Perpetrators of atrocities will be brought to justice. ”

During his tenure as commandant, he made a number of efforts to restore order in the city, including ordered the resumption of work of all institutions in Stavropol.

According to some information, during the reign of Dolinin in Stavropol, repressions against communists and non-partisan activists actively developed. A list of 117 victims of the rebels is known. Some were killed without even being brought to the commandant. According to the recollections of one of the participants in the events, the peasant Budylkin

“Dolinin saw a Communist in every Red Army soldier and arrested him. In order to obtain a confession, he resorted to various methods of torture, up to dousing with ice water and locking in a cold barn. Not having achieved anything, they lowered the Volga into the winter waters, which hid the secret of the Dolinin “exploits”. ”

- ^[2]

On March 13, units of the Red Army and CHON detachments aimed at suppressing the uprising approached Stavropol. The battle for the city lasted more than a day and ended in the complete victory of the Bolsheviks. Almost all the leaders of the uprising were captured and shot, however, Alexei Dolinin with a group of defenders of Stavropol managed to break out of the city.

He spent several days with friends who had covered him from the search, then left in Usolye , in Novodevichye , then reached his native village. According to the son, Vasily Dolinin:

Father decided to see his family. No words, he took a chance. He went to the village from the backsides. In the courtyard of a reliable house I saw Uncle Cyril. Called out. He looked, did not recognize his father. He grew a beard, dressed in a Tatar hoodie. Father came closer. “Fathers, Alexey! Right, not recognized. Ida in the hut. There is nobody there. But don’t show yourself home - the police are snooping around the village, taking our peasants, taking them away, they say, the tribunal will judge ... ”

In the village, Dolinin met his longtime friend, Alexei Shabanov, who had come from the Red Army for a short visit, but did not want to return to the unit. He offered Dolinin his vacation certificate, learning that he wanted to hide at the front.

Under the name of Shabanov, Alexei Dolinin served in the Red Army. He fought with the army of Denikin . In February 1920, when White captured Rostov-on-Don, he was captured by them, from where he fled. He again joined the Red Army, fought on the Polish front , where he was wounded. While in the hospital, he wrote a statement to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , where he asked for a pardon, sincerely describing his participation in the “chapel mutiny” and explaining why he served in the Red Army under his own name.

April 20, 1920 by the decision of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Alexey Dolinin was amnestied . According to some reports, he even rose to the post of commander of the 2nd Brigade of the 33rd Cavalry Division ^[3] .

After the end of the civil war, Dolinin returned to his native village.

On December 5, 1930, he was arrested, and on February 17, 1931 he was tried by three OGPUs in the Middle Volga Region on charges of article 58-10 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR , but was released by the verdict of the court. However, according to the local historian Ovsyannikov , Dolinin still spent ten years in the camps ^[2] . He was a worker at the Yagodinsky harvesting center.

He died on November 5, 1951. June 29, 1998 was rehabilitated by the prosecutor's office of the Samara region .

• N.G. Lobanova. Alexei Vasilyevich Dolinin, leader of the rebels. (unspecified) . City Hall of Togliatti. Date of treatment August 12, 2014.

• N.V. Budylin. Chapanka . - Syzran , 1995 .-- 172 p.
• Ovsyannikov V.A. Part I // Stavropol - Tolyatti: pages of history. - Tolyatti: Publishing House of the Foundation for Development through Education, 1996. - 364 with ill. with. - ISBN 5-88299-016-5 .
• Nikolai Stepanovich Danilov. Millstone. - Voice, 1996 .-- 581 p. - (From century to century). - ISBN 5-7117-0299-8 .