Yarzhka

“Yaryzhka” ( Ukrainian: yarzhka ; more correctly, “yerzhka” , from the Slavic names of the letters “b” - ery and “Y” - ery ) - the name of the phonetic systems for recording the Ukrainian language in unchanged Russian alphabet ( civil script ), used from XVIII to early XX century. Jerzy was used, for example, by I.P. Kotlyarevsky and T.G. Shevchenko .

By the 1876 emo decree , among other restrictions, it (to the detriment of systems with changes in the alphabet) was declared mandatory for use by the Ukrainian press in Russia (so that “there would be no deviations from the generally accepted Russian spelling”), which was one of the reasons for it rejection by nationally oriented circles. M. M. Kotsyubinsky ironically called the "yerzhku" "Romanovka" (referring to the Russian ruling house ). After 1905, the hedgehog went out of use.

Quite often, the “hedgehog” is opposed to the “phonetic” spelling, considering only the systems like “ kulishovka ” or “zhelehovka” to be the last, which is generally incorrect: the “hedgehogs” in most cases were also phonetic systems, only burdened with a pair of formal rules-survivals (like “ »” at the end of words and the positional and spelling differences of the letters “and” / “i”, see below for more details) and built on the standard Russian alphabet, and not on the modified one.

Content

Spelling Features

the letter "e" after consonants corresponds to the Ukrainian " e ", and in other cases - to the Ukrainian iotated " є ": no sense ;
after consonants, sometimes the letter “ ё ” was used, but more often “ ё ”: tears (after hissing “o”: black ); at the beginning of words and after vowels - as a rule, the combination of "yo";
the letters “ and ” and “ i ” differ only formally, as in the then Russian spelling (“i” is written before the vowels and before “y”), and the sound corresponds to both a simple Ukrainian “i” and iotated “ ї ” ( after vowels);
the letter “ s ” corresponds to the Ukrainian “and”, but after sizzling it can be replaced by “and” (or “i”);
“ B ” and “ b ” are written as a whole according to the Russian system, although “b” at the end of words in some publications could be absent;
“ Ѣ ” in the old versions of the little ryzhka was used etymologically (but in pronunciation it corresponded to the current “i”), in the later ones in the role of “соглас” after consonants, sometimes in the place of the iotated “ї”;
in cases of contradiction of the Russian etymological spelling to Ukrainian pronunciation (lost or inserted sounds, a strong change in pronunciation, etc.), the phonetics was reflected in the letter ^[1] : heart , w, n ( vin , he), n and zn e ( пізнає , cognizes), Wed ible ( w / silver, silver), you went, but, then, go, go, go ( go , go), go and go ( go , wind) , see mall I ( laugh , laugh), walk b , b u lo ( bulo , it was), etc.

Examples

Katerino, my heart!
Lyshenko for you!
De you got
A small orphan?
Hey, hustle
Without soap, sweetie?
Father, mats - strangers people,
Hardly they live! ..

Notes

↑ In brackets are given: Ukrainian modern spelling (in italics) and Russian translation

Literature

Shelest Yu. Ota disarmed “Yarizhka”. "Starozhitnostі", 1993 , No. 7-8.

[explanation-1] In brackets are given: Ukrainian modern spelling (in italics) and Russian translation