The Japan Theater is a type of performing Japanese art , a significant part of Japanese culture . It was formed under the influence of cultures of many countries and territories - China , Korea , India , Persia , Tibet - and various religious movements - shamanism , Buddhism , Shintoism , Taoism , Confucianism , Hinduism - and at the same time it is one of the youngest among Asian [1] .
Types of Japanese Theater
In almost every period of the history of Japan, a new special performing tradition arose: during the Yayoi period, kagura ritual dances arose, during the Kofun period , the Mizoku Geino appeared, during the Asuka period , gigaku performances began , in the Nara period, the bugaku theater blossomed, during the Heian period , the sangaku , dengaku and sarugaku [2] .
In the Middle Ages - the periods of Kamakura and Muromachi - there were, respectively, Ennen-no and nogaku (a theater with a kyogen ), in modern times - the periods of Azuti-Momoyama and Tokugawa - the Bunraku Puppet Theater and the Kabuki Theater appeared , during the Meiji period, the Simpa Theater appeared , in the Taisho period , shingeki performances began to take place; in the Show period , angura and butoh appeared [2] . This list is not exhaustive.
In Japanese theater there is a kind of classification of theatrical performances - the aforementioned Mizoku geino , as well as geino and eneki . Mindzoku geino (“folk performing arts”) refers to all kinds of local holidays and ceremonies, magical and religious acts, puppet, dance and song performances. Heino includes the Mizoku Heino and designates all existing performing arts, both modern and ancient. The concept of Engeki refers to the ideas that arose after the Meiji period, mainly as an imitation of Western culture [3] .
Four types of theatrical art in Japan, formerly classified as the Mindzoku Geino , and now the category of Geino - bugaku , bunraku , kabuki and nogaku - have gained the status of “traditional” [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Anarina, 2008 , p. 7.
- ↑ 1 2 Anarina, 2008 , p. 13-14.
- ↑ Anarina, 2008 , p. 9-10.
- ↑ Anarina, 2008 , p. eight.
Literature
- Anarina N.G. History of the Japanese theater. Antiquity and the Middle Ages: through the centuries to the 21st century. - M .: Natalis, 2008 .-- 336 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8062-0290-2 .
- Grisheleva L. D. Theater of modern Japan. - M .: Art, 1977 .-- 237 p. - 25,000 copies.
- A History of Japanese Theater: [ eng. ] / Edited by Jonah Salz. - Cambridge University Press, 2016 .-- 589 p. - ISBN 978-1-107-03424-2 .
- Japanese theater and the international stage : [ eng. ] / Edited by S. Scholz-Cionca, SL Leiter. - Brill Academic Pub, 2000 .-- 464 p. - (Brill's Japanese Studies Library). - ISBN 978-90-04-12011-2 .
- Leiter SL Historical Dictionary of Japanese Traditional Theater: [ eng. ] . - Scarecrow Press, 2006 .-- 632 p. - (Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts). - ISBN 978-0-8108-5527-4 .
- Miller JS Historical Dictionary of Modern Japanese Literature and Theater: [ eng. ] . - Scarecrow Press, 2009 .-- 191 p. - (Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts). - ISBN 978-0-8108-5810-7 .
- Modern Japanese Theater and Performance : [ eng. ] / Edited by D. Jortner, K. McDonald, and KJ Wetmore, Jr .. - Lexington Books, 2007. - 289 p. - (Studies of Modern Japan). - ISBN 978-0-7391-2300-3 .
- Ortolani B. The Japanese theater: from shamanistic ritual to contemporary pluralism : [ eng. ] . - Princeton University Press, 1995 .-- 375 p. - ISBN 978-0-691-04333-3 .
- Rising from the flames: the rebirth of theater in occupied Japan, 1945-1952 : [ eng. ] / Edited by Samuel L. Leiter. - Lexington Books, 2009 .-- 462 p. - ISBN 978-0-7391-2818-3 .
- Routledge Handbook of Asian Theater: [ eng. ] / Edited by Siyuan Liu. - Routledge, 2016 .-- 578 p. - ISBN 978-0-415-82155-1 .
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Japan Theater