Peasant rebel movement in Bashkortostan

The peasant rebel movement in Bashkortostan arose in 1918-1921 and was caused by dissatisfaction with the policy of the Soviet government ( military communism and others).

In March - April 1918, the first peasant unrest arose in the Birsky district of the Ufa province . The county suffered the most from the confiscation of bread, and in March 1918 an uprising broke out in the village of Buraevo .

The second wave of insurgency from May to mid-June 1918 included the territory of most volosts of Birsky, Holy Trinity volost of Ufa and Nogushinsky volost of Zlatoust counties of Ufa province. The causes of unrest are the actions of local bodies of Soviet power:

• creation of fighting squads and revolutionary tribunals under volost councils;
• requisition of food ( surplus appraisal );
• imposition of indemnity;
• mobilization in the Red Army and so on.

In these volosts, headquarters were formed to lead the uprising and armed squads, they declared themselves part of the People's Army . In some places, the rebels made contact with the White Bohemian units and participated in joint operations against the Reds.

In 1920, the largest Black Eagle uprising broke out (Forklift Rebellion). The geographically insurgent movement swept the Menzelinsky , Birsky , Belebeyevsky and Ufa counties of the Ufa province. About 26 thousand people participated in this uprising.

The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR “On the state structure of the Autonomous Soviet Bashkir Republic” of May 19, 1920 provoked new discontent among the Bashkir population and was the main reason for the armed uprising against the Bolshevik authorities (the Burzyan-Tangaurovsky uprising ). The rebels demanded the return of free trade, the return to the Bashkir SR A. A. Validov and other members of the first composition of the Bashkir Military Revolutionary Committee and the transfer of all power to them. In November 1920, the Soviet authorities began to negotiate with the rebels. On November 26, 1920, an agreement was concluded in the village of Temyasovo , according to which all the participants in the uprising should have been amnestied, voluntarily ending the armed struggle.

In November 1920, the well-off peasants of the Russian settlements of the Preobrazhensky volost of the Usergan canton of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic revolted. The Red Army units were sent to liquidate the rebel movement. In the battles under the villages of Almaly , Niyazi-Yelga, Yumaguzino and others, the rebels were defeated.

In the spring of 1921, a new wave of uprisings unfolded on the territory of the Burzyan-Tangaurovsky , Kipchak-Dzhitirovsky and Usergan cantons of the autonomous republic. Its main reason was the emergence of detachments of Okhranyuk-Chersky, which survived after the defeat of the People's Army in the Samara province . To Okhranyuk-Chersky joined the local rebels who went underground, including detachments of G. Ya. Amantayev and F.B. Magasumov . Together they developed a joint political program, and in May 1921, leaflets containing the contents of the Declaration of the rebels in Russian and Bashkir languages ​​were distributed among the population. According to the Declaration, Russia should become a republic led by a popularly elected president . Bashkortostan, Ukraine and other principalities had to obey the president, they declared full internal self-government, guaranteed freedom of trade and propaganda of the ideas of communism was not allowed in them. The center of the Bashkir principality became the Transfiguration Plant . After the liberation of the Bashkirs, the Kyrgyz (Kazakhs) are subject to the liberation. The declaration expressed the hope that Sterlitamak would pass into the hands of the rebels. The declaration ended with the slogans ^[1] :

“Long live the Bashkir principality and all the nationalities of Russia! Long live a strong, strong and powerful Russia!

Commander of the People's Armed Forces, Comcor - Chersky.

Representative of Bashkortostan - Amantayev "

At the beginning of June 1921, the leaders of the rebels, G. Y. Amantayev and F. B. Magasumov, held negotiations with the chairman of the Burzyan-Tangaurovsky Kantypolkom K. A. Idelguzhin . During the negotiations, the rebel leaders put forward a number of conditions to end the uprising, among which there were demands for a complete amnesty for the participants in the uprising, the return of the first members of the Bashrevkom to the republic, and others. To continue further negotiations with the BashTsIK and the Bashobkom of the RCP (b) , a delegation of rebels headed by G. Ya. Amantayev went to the capital of the republic, but soon the rebels and their leaders were arrested and convicted.

• Bashkir National Movement
• Burzyan-Tangaurov uprising
• Buraevsky uprising
• Fork revolt

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• Davletshin R.A. Peasant rebel movement (1918-1921) // Bashkir Encyclopedia / ed. M.A. Ilgamov. - Ufa: GAUN “ Bashkir Encyclopedia ”, 2015—2019. - ISBN 978-5-88185-306-8 .
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• "Rebellion." Peasant uprisings in the Ufa province of 1918-1920 and the formation of “Big Bashkiria” on YouTube