Baron Neville of Rabbi

Coat of arms of Neville - Earl of Westmoreland

Baron Neville of Raby ( English Baron Neville de Raby ) - the English peers title which existed since 1295. The title was worn by representatives of the Neville family . In 1397, Ralph de Neville , 4th Baron Neville of Rabbi, received the title of Earl of Westmoreland , to which the title of Baron Neville of Rabbi was added.

In 1459, the title of Baron Neville was created for John Neville , one of the grandchildren of the 1st Earl of Westmoreland, but after his son Ralph Neville inherited the titles of Earl of Westmoreland and Baron Neville of Rabbi, all 3 titles were combined.

In 1571, Charles Neville , 6th Earl of Westmoreland, for his participation in the uprising against Queen Elizabeth I, all titles and possessions were confiscated, the title of Baron Neville from Reby went into a waiting state.

There were also other creations for the title of Baron Neville , as well as the titles of Baronet Neville and Viscount Neville - the junior title of Earls of Abergavenny (later Marquis of Abergavenny ). There is also the title of Baron Rabbi .

Title History

Rabbi Castle in Durham County , the main residence of Barons Neville

The first feudal baron of Rabbi was Dolphin Fitz-Utred, probably mentioned only once - in 1131, the priest of Durham granted him the estate (formerly Steinthorpe) in the county of Durham . The main seat of the barons was Rebi in the north of Steindrop, which remained the center of family holdings until 1569. In the 14th century, the was built there ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] .

The first birth of Rabbi was rural squires in Durham, but their rise gradually begins ^[3] . On June 24, 1295, Ranulf de Neville , 3 / 5th Lord Neville by right, was called to the English Parliament as 1st Baron Neville of Rabbi ^[4] . His grandson, John de Neville , 3rd Baron Neville of Rabbi, in 1360 began the construction of the castle of Rabbi ^[3] .

The foundation of the power of the house was laid by Ralph de Neville , 4th Baron Neville of Rabbi. King Richard II probably hoped that the Neville would be able to serve as a counterweight to the powerful North English clan of Percy . The head of another influential North English clan, John Clifford , 7th Baron de Clifford, was a minor and could not resist the reinforcement of the Neville. In 1396, Richard II gave Baron Penrith to Ralph Neville, and in 1397 created the title of Earl of Westmoreland for him. In 1398, the king transferred Neville the duties of county sheriff, ignoring the fact that the title of hereditary Westmoreland sheriffs belonged to Cliffords. However, after the overthrow of Richard II, the post of Westmoreland sheriff was the new king, Henry IV , was taken away from Neville, which may have contributed to Earl Northumberland , the head of the Percy clan ^[3] ^[5] .

During the uprisings of the beginning of the 15th century, Earl of Westmoreland, who was married to Joanna Beaufort , half-sister of Henry IV, remained faithful to the crown, seeking to strengthen his power. After the Persian uprising, the post of keeper of the Western and Eastern Scottish marks was reassigned to him, although in 1417 the Eastern mark returned to Percy. Earl of Westmoreland defended the border with Scotland, defeating the Scots on July 22, 1415 at the Battle of Ivering . He significantly increased his possessions due to several castles, and also married his son Richard to the heiress of Earl of Salisbury ^[5] .

The 1st Earl of Westmoreland died in 1425, leaving numerous offspring from two marriages. The titles of Earl of Westmoreland and Baron Neville of Rabbi, as well as Durham possessions, went to Ralph Neville , the grandson of the 1st Earl, but they were greatly reduced due to the claims of the descendants of the 1st Earl from the second marriage with Joanna Beaufort, headed by Richard Neville , Earl Salisbury. Using his kinship with the powerful Beaufort family, as well as crawling with the support of Thomas Langley, Bishop of Durham, Salisbury was able to secure his appointment as guardian in both Scottish stamps. To confront him, the 2nd Earl of Westmoreland entered into an alliance with his family's traditional rivals, Percy and Clifford, to secure whom he married Elizabeth Percy, the sister of Earl of Northumberland and the mother of the 8th Baron de Clifford ^[3] ^[6] ^[7] .

In the late 1450s, a quarrel between nobles in North West England grew into a real feudal war between Percy and Neville , in which the Earl of Westmoreland sided with Percy. In the later Scarlet and White Rose War, Earl of Westmoreland sided with the Lancaster side. However, hopes for the return of the full inheritance were buried by the defeat of Lancaster at the Battle of Tauton in 1461, when Earl Warwick , son of Earl of Salisbury, who died in 1460, nicknamed the “King's Worker”, became the de facto ruler of England. Humphrey Neville , the nephew of Earl of Westmoreland, tried to fight against Warwick, but in 1469 he was captured with his brother Charles, and both were executed ^[7] .

The 2nd Earl of Westmoreland himself did not take an active part in the War of the Scarlet and White Roses, having sat out in his possessions. His children died early. Heir to the 2nd Earl of Westmoreland was his nephew, Ralph Neville , the son of John Neville , 1st Baron Neville, who died in the Battle of Tauton. In 1372, the title of Baron Neville was returned to Ralph by King Edward III ^[7] .

The 2nd Earl of Westmoreland died in 1484, his heir, the 4th Earl - in 1499. He was inherited by a young grandson of Ralph Neville . As an adult, he mainly served the crown on the Scottish border, retaining his position despite participating in the uprising against King Henry VIII of his son Christopher ^[8] .

After the death of the 4th Earl of Westmoreland, he was succeeded by his son, Henry Neville , the 5th Earl of Westmoreland and the 8th Baron Neville of Rabbi. Henry, although he signed the letter of election as Queen of England, Jane Gray , soon supported Maria I Tudor . For his services to Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I, the 5th Earl of Westmoreland received extensive possessions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire ^[8] .

Henry's heir was his son Charles Neville , 6th Earl of Westmoreland and 9th Baron Neville of Rabbi. He took part in the Catholic uprising against Elizabeth I, because of which he was forced to flee abroad, and his possessions and titles in 1571 were confiscated and were in a state of waiting for the owner. Charles died in deep debt in 1601. His only son had already died by that time, and the oldest branch of the Neville family had died out with him ^[9] ^[10] . Later, the title of Earl of Westmoreland was unsuccessfully claimed by Edmund Neville , the great-grandson of Richard Neville , the second Baron Latimer ^[11] . In 1624, the title of Earl of Westmoreland (without the title of Baron Neville) was recreated for Francis Fane , grandson of the mother of Henry Neville , 4th Baron Abergavenny ^[12] .

Barons of Neville from the Rabbi

Feudal Barons of Reby

Dolphin Fitz-Utred (d. After 1131), Lord Rabbi ^[13]
Mulldred Fitz-Dolphin (d. 1183), Lord Rabbi, son of the previous ^[14]
Robert Fitz-Mulldred (d. 1242/1248), Lord Rabbi, son of the previous ^[15]
Robert (I) de Neville (c. 1223 - until August 20, 1282), Lord Rabbi and Branquepet, grandson of the previous ^[16]

Barons of Neville from the Rabbi (1295)

1295 - 1331 : Ranulf (Ralph) de Neville (October 18, 1262 - c. April 18, 1331), Lord Rabbi from 1282, 1st Baron Neville of Rabbi from 1295 ^{[K 1]} , grandson of the previous ^[4]
1331 - 1367 : Ralph de Neville (c. 1291 - August 5, 1367), 2nd Baron Neville of Rabbi from 1331, son of the previous ^[17]
1367 - 1388 : John de Neville (c. 1328 - October 17, 1388), 3rd Baron Neville of Rabbi from 1367, son of the previous ^[18]
1388 - 1425 : Ralph de Neville (c. 1364 - October 21, 1425), 4th Baron Neville of Rabbi from 1388, 1st Earl of Westmoreland from 1397, son of the previous ^[19]
1425 - 1484 : Ralph Neville (September 17, 1406 - November 3, 1484), 2nd Earl of Westmoreland and 5th Baron Neville of Rabbi from 1425, grandson of the previous ^[20]
1484 - 1499 : Ralph Neville (1456 - February 6, 1499), 2nd Baron Neville from 1472, 3rd Earl of Westmoreland and 6th Baron Neville from Rebi from 1484, nephew of the previous ^[21]
1499 - 1549 : Ralph Neville (February 21, 1498 - April 24, 1549), 4th Earl of Westmoreland, 7th Baron Neville of Rabbi and 3rd Baron Neville from 1499, grandson of the previous ^[22]
1549 - 1564 : Henry Neville (1524/1525 - February 10, 1564), 5th Earl of Westmoreland, 8th Baron Neville of Rabbi and 4th Baron Neville from 1549, son of the previous ^[23]
1564 - 1571 : Charles Neville (between August 18, 1542 and August 28, 1543 - November 16, 1601), 6th Earl of Westmoreland, 9th Baron Neville of Rabbi and 5th Baron Neville in 1564-1571, son of the previous ^[10]

In 1571, all the possessions and titles of Charles were confiscated for participating in the Catholic uprising against Elizabeth I , the title of Baron Neville from Rabi went into a waiting state ^[10] .

Comments

↑ In some sources (for example, in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ), the numbering of barons begins with Robert Fitz-Mulldred, and Ranulf is considered the 3rd baron. See Tuck Anthony. Neville, Ralph, fourth Lord Neville (c.1291–1367) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004-2014.

Notes

↑ Round John H. Feudal England - historical studies on the eleventh and twelfth centuries. - P. 488-490.
↑ Dunbar . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment July 7, 2014.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ Volkov A.V. Music in stone. The history of England through architecture. - S. 139-143.
↑ ¹ ² Ranulf de Neville, 1st Lord Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ ¹ ² Tuck Anthony. Neville, Ralph, first earl of Westmorland (c. 1364–1425) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
↑ Summerson Henry. Clifford, Thomas, eighth Baron Clifford (1414–1455) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
↑ ¹ ² ³ Pollard AJ Neville, Ralph, second earl of Westmorland (b. In or before 1407, d. 1484) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
↑ ¹ ² Dockray Keith. Neville, Ralph, fourth earl of Westmorland (1498–1549) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
↑ Archbold William Arthur Jobson. Neville, Charles // Dictionary of National Biography . - 1894. - Vol. 40 Myllar - Nicholls. - P. 245-246.
↑ ¹ ² ³ Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Edmund Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Dolfin fitz Uchtred, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Maldred fitz Dolfin, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Robert fitz Maldred, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Robert (I) de Neville, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Ralph de Neville, 2nd Lord Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ John de Neville, 3rd Lord Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Ralph Neville, 3rd Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
↑ Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

Literature

Burke john. A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance. England . - 1831. - P. 364—396.
Young Charles Robert. The Making of the Neville Family in England, 1166-1400 . - Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 1996 .-- 171 p. - ISBN 9780851156682 .
Offler Hilary S., Doyle Anthony Ian, Pipe AJ FitzMeldred, Neville and Hansard // North of the Tees - studies in medieval British history. - Aldershot: Variorum, 1996 .-- ISBN 9780860785996 .
Round John H. Feudal England - historical studies on the eleventh and twelfth centuries . - London, 1895. - 587 p. ;
Wagner Anthony. English Ancestry . - Oxford University Press, 1961. - 176 p. - (Oxford paperbacks, no. 25).
Wagner Anthony. Pedigree and Progress - essays in the genealogical interpretation of history . - London; Chichester: Phillimore, 1975 .-- 333 p. - ISBN 9780850331981 .
Volkov A.V. Music in stone. The history of England through architecture. - M .: Veche, 2012 .-- 352 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-6578-9 .
Norwich D. History of England and Shakespearean Kings / Per. from English I.V. Lobanova. - M .: Astrel, 2012. - 414, [2] p. - (Historical Library). - ISBN 978-5-271-43630-7 .
Ustinov V.G. Wars of the Roses. Yorkie vs. Lancaster - M .: Veche, 2012 .-- 432 p. - (History files). - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9533-5294-9 .
Ustinov V.G. The Hundred Years War and the Wars of the Roses. - M .: AST: Astrel, Guardian, 2007 .-- 637 p. - (Historical Library). - 1,500 copies - ISBN 978-5-17-042765-9 .

Links

NEVILLE FAMILY Tudorplace. Date of treatment July 3, 2014.
Neville The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
Westmoreland Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.
Nevill of Raby . Stirnet. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[17] In some sources (for example, in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ), the numbering of barons begins with Robert Fitz-Mulldred, and Ranulf is considered the 3rd baron. See Tuck Anthony. Neville, Ralph, fourth Lord Neville (c.1291–1367) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004-2014.

[Round-1] Round John H. Feudal England - historical studies on the eleventh and twelfth centuries. - P. 488-490.

[FGM_Dunbar-2] Dunbar . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment July 7, 2014.

[Волков-3] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ Volkov A.V. Music in stone. The history of England through architecture. - S. 139-143.

[Ranulf_de_Neville,_1st_Lord_Neville-4] ¹ ² Ranulf de Neville, 1st Lord Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Oxford_DNB_Neville,_Ralph,_first_earl_of_Westmorland-5] ¹ ² Tuck Anthony. Neville, Ralph, first earl of Westmorland (c. 1364–1425) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[Oxford_DNB_Clifford,_Thomas,_eighth_Baron_Clifford-6] Summerson Henry. Clifford, Thomas, eighth Baron Clifford (1414–1455) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[Oxford_DNB_Neville,_Ralph,_second_earl_of_Westmorland-7] ¹ ² ³ Pollard AJ Neville, Ralph, second earl of Westmorland (b. In or before 1407, d. 1484) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[Oxford_DNB_Neville,_Ralph,_fourth_earl_of_Westmorland-8] ¹ ² Dockray Keith. Neville, Ralph, fourth earl of Westmorland (1498–1549) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

[DNB_Neville,_Charles-9] Archbold William Arthur Jobson. Neville, Charles // Dictionary of National Biography . - 1894. - Vol. 40 Myllar - Nicholls. - P. 245-246.

[Charles_Neville,_6th_Earl_of_Westmorland-10] ¹ ² ³ Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Edmund_Neville-11] Edmund Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Francis_Fane,_1st_Earl_of_Westmorland-12] Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Dolfin_fitz_Uchtred,_Lord_of_Raby-13] Dolfin fitz Uchtred, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Maldred_fitz_Dolfin,_Lord_of_Raby-14] Maldred fitz Dolfin, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Robert_fitz_Maldred,_Lord_of_Raby-15] Robert fitz Maldred, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Robert_(I)_de_Neville,_Lord_of_Raby-16] Robert (I) de Neville, Lord of Raby . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Ralph_de_Neville,_2nd_Lord_Neville-18] Ralph de Neville, 2nd Lord Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[John_de_Neville,_3rd_Lord_Neville-19] John de Neville, 3rd Lord Neville . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Ralph_de_Neville,_1st_Earl_of_Westmorland-20] Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Ralph_Neville,_2nd_Earl_of_Westmorland-21] Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Ralph_Neville,_3rd_Earl_of_Westmorland-22] Ralph Neville, 3rd Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Ralph_Neville,_4th_Earl_of_Westmorland-23] Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.

[Henry_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Westmorland-24] Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland . The Peerage. Date of treatment July 13, 2014.