Chaos [1] ( dr. Greek χάος from χαίνω - open, open) - the category of cosmogony , the primary state of the Universe , formless combination of matter and space (as opposed to order ).
Ideas about the era of chaos arise as a result of the development, concretization of ideas about mythical time , a special initial sacred period preceding the empirical ( historical ) “profane” time [2] .
One of the incarnations of chaos or chaos itself is often the world's oceans , pristine waters. In many ancient cosmogonic myths, the ocean and chaos are equivalent and inseparable from each other [3] .
Basic Information
In the ordinary sense, chaos is understood as disorder , confusion , confusion . The concept arose from the name in ancient Greek mythology of the initial state of the world, a kind of "open abyss" (and not a disordered state), from which the first deities arose. Only in the early Christian times, the word began to ascribe the meaning of disorder.
In mathematics, chaos is the aperiodic deterministic behavior of a dynamical system that is extremely sensitive to initial conditions . An infinitesimal perturbation of the boundary conditions for a chaotic dynamical system leads to a finite change in the trajectory in the phase space . It is studied by mathematical means of chaos theory .
To quantify the randomness (disorder) of a system in physics and mathematics (information theory, mathematical statistics), the concept of entropy is often used, which simultaneously characterizes the information capacity of the system.
See also
- World ocean (mythology)
- Mythical time
- Chaos (mythology)
- Cosmos (philosophy)
- Disorder (rearrangement)
- Chaotic systems management
- Chaos Magic
Notes
- ↑ GRAMOTA.RU - reference and information Internet portal "Russian Language" | Dictionaries | Word check
- ↑ Meletinsky EM Mythical Time // Myths of the World: Encyclopedia . Electronic Edition / Ch. ed. S. A. Tokarev . M., 2008 ( Soviet Encyclopedia , 1980). S. 208-209.
- ↑ Toporov V. H. World Ocean // Myths of the World: Encyclopedia . Electronic Edition / Ch. ed. S. A. Tokarev . M., 2008 ( Soviet Encyclopedia , 1980). S 751-752.
Literature
- Akhromeeva T. S., Kurdyumov S. P., Malinetskiy G. G. , Samarsky A. A. Non-stationary structures and diffusion chaos. - M.: Nauka, 1992.
- Malinetsky G.G. Chaos. Structures. Computational experiment. Introduction to nonlinear dynamics. 3rd ed. - Moscow: URSS, 2001.
- Zaslavsky G.M. , Sagdeev R.Z. Introduction to nonlinear physics: From the pendulum to turbulence and chaos.- M .: Nauka, 1988.
- Prokhorov A.M. Physical Encyclopedia - Chaos .
- Toporov V. H. Primeval Chaos // Myths of the World: Encyclopedia . Electronic Edition / Ch. ed. S. A. Tokarev . - M., 2008 ( Soviet Encyclopedia , 1980). - S. 1045-1046.
Links
- Malinetsky G. We can only hope for a sling . primerussia.ru (06/02/2015). Date of treatment March 2, 2016.
- Muchnik G. Order and chaos
- Chaos and the order of discrete systems in the light of the synergetic theory of information