| Islam · Mosque · Hajj |
|---|
|
| Components: |
1. Black stone 2. Door 3. Trench 4. Base 5. Hijr Ismail 6. Multazam 7. Ibrahim's standing 8. Corner of Black stone 9. Corner of Yemen 10. Corner of Sham 11. Corner of Iraq 12. Kiswa |
| see also |
Bani Shaiba • Zamzam • Qibla • Tawaf • Umra • al-Haram |
| Wikimedia Commons |
Black stone, al-hajar al-aswad ( Arabicالحجر الأسود ) is an egg-shaped stone mounted in one of the walls of the Kaaba . According to Islamic tradition , the Black Stone was once in paradise [1] .
Content
Appearance
The black stone is located in the eastern corner of the Kaaba at an altitude of 1.5 m and is enclosed in a silver frame [2] .
The visible surface of the stone has an area of approximately 16.5 × 20 cm.
The black stone consists of several fragments of a reddish-black color inserted into a dark base. 7-8 pieces of stone are visible.
Origin
There are various hypotheses of the origin of black stone.
According to Muslim tradition , during the flood (during the Prophet Nuh ) this stone was brought from paradise and guarded by angels on Mount Abu Qubeis [1] . Then the angel Djibril brought it to the prophet Ibrahim during the construction of the Ka'ba . Initially, he was a white yacht , but gradually turned black, saturated with human sins [2] .
According to some scientific data, this is a meteorite , but it has still not been able to unequivocally prove it [3] [4] . The London Museum of Natural History suggests that the stone may be a pseudo-meteorite, in other words, a stone of terrestrial origin, erroneously attributed to meteorites [5] .
History
Reconstruction of the Kaaba
Shortly before the rise of Islam, the need appeared for the reconstruction of the Kaaba, as its walls cracked due to rain [6] . Having disassembled the foundation and pulled the Black Stone out of it, the builders began to erect the walls of the Kaaba again. When the time came to return the Black Stone to its original place, a debate broke out among Quraysh about who should put it in its place. Each noble family wanted to be involved in such a significant event and to take upon themselves the implementation of this honorable duty. Within 5 days, the dispute did not subside and threatened to develop into bloodshed [7] .
The oldest Quraish man, Abu Umayya ibn al-Mugir, said: “O Quraysh! May the one who first enters this temple through the gate judge you. ” Everyone agreed, began to observe the gate and saw that Muhammad ibn Abdullah was entering through the gate. When the essence of the matter was explained to Muhammad, he took off his cloak, spread it on the ground and laid the Black Stone in the middle. At the request of Muhammad, the head of each tribe took up the edges of the cloak in order to raise it together. Then Muhammad personally took the stone and installed it in the corner of the Kaaba. All tribes were satisfied with the decision of the Prophet Muhammad and after that the construction of the Kaaba continued [7] .
Black Stone Abduction
In 930, the Karmatians , led by Abu Tahir al-Jannabi captured Mecca, robbed the Kaaba and took the Black Stone to Bahrain , holding it for 22 years. AT In 951 , after paying a large ransom, the stone was returned to Mecca [1] .
Honor
One of the hajj rituals is kissing the Black Stone. The tradition of kissing a stone dates back to the Prophet Muhammad. The authoritative collections of hadith contain the words of the righteous caliph Umar , who, after kissing the Black Stone, said: “I know that this is just a stone, and it can neither help nor harm. But, if I had not seen the Prophet kissing him, peace and blessings be upon him, I would not have kissed him. ” The meaning of kissing a stone is that the pilgrim learns to fully obey his Lord and comes to the understanding that in the laws and rituals prescribed by Allah there is wisdom and blessing [8] .
Art
At the beginning of the 20th century, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin wrote a poem of the same name about the Black Stone [9] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ali Zadeh, 2007 .
- ↑ 1 2 Islam: Atheist Dictionary, 1988 , p. 120.
- ↑ Forbes.ru .
- ↑ Road to Mecca . xadj.ru. Date of treatment July 28, 2013. Archived July 12, 2013.
- ↑ Grady, Graham, 2000 .
- ↑ Kaaba and the black stone islam.ru November 05, 2011
- ↑ 1 2 Arraid .
- ↑ Islam for all! .
- ↑ I. A. Bunin The Black Stone of the Kaaba // bunin.niv.ru.
Literature
- Ali-zade A. A. Hajar al-Aswad // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007 .-- 400 p. - (The Golden Fund of Islamic Thought). - ISBN 5-98443-025-8 .
- Kaaba // Historical Dictionary. - 2000.
- Kaaba // Encyclopedia of Collier. - Open Society, 2000.
- Kaaba // Islam: Dictionary of an Atheist / Avksentiev A.V. , , Akiniyazov G. B. et al .; Under the total. ed. M. B. Piotrovsky , S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Political Publishing House 1988 . - 254 p. - ISBN 5-250-00125-4 . - S.120
- Grady, Monica M .; Graham, AL Catalog of meteorites: with special reference to those represented in the collection of the Natural History Museum. - London: Cambridge University Press, 2000 .-- 263 p. - ISBN 978-0-521-66303-8 .
Links
- Black stone: between myth and reality . - The Humer library.
- Trofimov, Anton 10 of the most revered religious relics in the world . Forbes.ru (November 25, 2011). Date of treatment September 29, 2013.
- Natalia Skripnik. Prophet Muhammad and the black stone // Arraid: newspaper. - No. 12 (104) . - S. 7 .
- Eternal lessons of the Hajj . Islam for all !. Date of treatment May 13, 2013. Archived January 20, 2013.