The Founding Fathers of the United States is a group of American leaders who played a key role in the founding and formation of American statehood , including in gaining independence and creating the principles of a new political system. Some historians include representatives of the Thirteen British Colonies in North America who organized and conducted the American Revolution and created the United States as politicians, lawyers, statesmen, soldiers, diplomats, or just ordinary citizens.
In a narrower sense, it refers to deputies of the Second Continental Congress who signed the Declaration of Independence of the United States and the Philadelphia Convention , which created the US Constitution . Until the end of the 19th century, they were referred to as the "Founders of the USA" or as the "Fathers of the USA".
When discussing the spirit of the American constitution at any level (including the Supreme Court ), the opinion of the founding fathers expressed in letters, publications, and other surviving documents is an important argument .
The historian Richard Morris in 1973 identified the following seven key Founding Fathers: John Adams , Benjamin Franklin , Alexander Hamilton , John J , Thomas Jefferson , James Madison, and George Washington . Three of them (Hamilton, Madison and Jay) are the authors of the “ Notes of the Federalist ” - 85 articles in support of the ratification of the US Constitution .
Content
Principal US Founding Fathers
| No. | Portrait | Name | Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | John Adams | Second US President | |
| 2 | George Washington | First President and Commander-in-Chief of American Forces during the Revolutionary War | |
| 3 | Alexander Hamilton | Party leader and prominent constitutional lawyer and philosopher | |
| four | john jay | US Supreme Court Chief Justice Diplomat | |
| five | thomas jefferson | Author of the Declaration of Independence, Third President of the United States | |
| 6 | James Madison | Fourth US President, Draft Constitution | |
| 7 | Benjamin Franklin | Scientist and politician, one of the ideologists of the American Revolution |
Lists of Other Founding Fathers
MPs Signing the Declaration of Independence
New hampshire
- Josiah Bartlet
- William Whipple
- Matthew Thornton
Rhode Island
- Stephen Hopkins
- William Ellery
Connecticut
- Roger Sherman
- Samuel Gontington
- William williams
- Oliver Walcot
New York
- William Floyd
- Philip Livingston
- Francis Lewis
- Lewis Morris
New Jersey
- Richard Stockton
- John Witherspoon
- Francis Hopkinson
- John garth
- Abraham Clark
Pennsylvania
- Robert Morris
- Benjamin Franklin
- Benjamin rush
- John Morton
- George Clymer
- James smith
- George Taylor
- James wilson
- George Ross
Massachusetts
- John adams
- Samuel Adams
- John hancock
- Robert Treet Payne
- Albridge Gerry
Delaware
- Cesar rodney
- George Reid
- Thomas McKean
Maryland
- Samuel Chase
- William pack
- Thomas Stone
- Charles Carrol, from Carrolltown
Virginia
- George Wit
- Richard, Henry Lee
- Thomas Jefferson
- Benjamin Harrison
- Thomas Nelson, Jr.
- Francis Lightfoot Lee
- Carter Braxton
North Carolina
- William Gooper
- Joseph Hughes
- John penn
South Carolina
- Edward rotledge
- Thomas Gayward, Jr.
- Thomas Lynch Jr
- Arthur Middleton
Georgia
- Botton Gwinnett
- Lyman Hall
- J. Walton
Parties to the Philadelphia Convention
Of the 70 appointed state representatives, 55 delegates participated in the work of the Convention [1] [2] .
| New hampshire | Nicholas Gilman , 32, merchant John Langdon , 44, merchant | Massachusetts | Elbridge Thomas Gerry , 43, merchant Nathaniel Goram , 49, businessman Rufus King , 32, lawyer Caleb Strong , 44, lawyer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | Oliver Ellsworth, 24, lawyer William Samuel Johnson , 60, lawyer Roger Sherman , 67, Attorney | New York | Alexander Hamilton , 32, lawyer John Lansing, 33, Attorney Robert Yates, 49, Attorney |
| New Jersey | David Brerlie , 42, Attorney Jonathan Dayton , 26, Attorney William Churchill Houston, 41, Attorney William Livingston 64, Attorney William Paterson , 44, Attorney | Pennsylvania | George Clymer, 48, businessman Thomas Fitzsimons , 46, merchant Benjamin Franklin , 81, inventor Jared Ingersoll , 38, Attorney Thomas Mifflin , 43, merchant Governor Morris , 35, lawyer Robert Morris , 53, businessman James Wilson , 46, Attorney |
| Delaware | Richard Bassett , 42, lawyer and planter Gunning Bedford , 42, Attorney Jacob Broome , 35, merchant John Dickinson , 55, Attorney 54 George Reed , Attorney | Maryland | Daniel Carroll , 57, Planter Daniel Jennifer , 64, Planter Luther Martin, 39, lawyer James McHenry , 34, doctor John Francis Mercer, 28, Planter |
| Virginia | John Blair , 55, lawyer James Madison , 37, Planter George Mason , 62, Planter James Macklerg, 41, doctor Edmund Randolph , 34, lawyer George Washington 55, Planter George White, 61, lawyer | North Carolina | William Blount , 38, Planter William R. Davy, 31, Attorney Alexander Martin , 47, merchant Richard Dobbs Speight , 39, politician Hugh Williamson , 52, doctor |
| South Carolina | Pierce Butler , 43, Planter Charles Pinckney , 29, lawyer and planter Charles Coatesworth Pinckney , 43, lawyer and planter John Rutledge , 48, lawyer and planter | Georgia | Abraham Baldwin , 33, lawyer William Few , 39, Attorney William Houston, 32, Attorney William Pierce, 48, merchant |
Other faces
The following are also referred to as eligible to be the founding fathers of the United States:
- Abigail Smith Adams
- Ethan Allen
- Richard Allen
- John Bartram
- Egbert Benson
- Richard Bland
- Elias Baudinot
- Aaron Burr
- George Rogers Clark
- George Clinton
- Tench Cox
- Albert Gallatin
- Horatio Gates
- Nathaniel Green
- Nathan Hale
- James Iredell
- John Paul Jones
- Henry Knox
- Tadeusz Kosciuszko
- Gilbert Lafayette
- Henry Lee III
- Robert Livingston
- William Maclay
- Dolly madison
- John Marshall
- Philip Mazay
- James monroe
- Daniel Morgan
- James Otis Jr
- Thomas Payne
- Andrew Pickens
- Timothy Pickering
- Israel Putnam
- Comte de Rocambo
- Thomas Sumter
- Chaim Solomon
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
- John Borlaz Warren
- Anthony Wayne
- Noah Webster
- Payne Wingate .
See also
- Genro
Notes
- ↑ America's Founding Fathers, Delegates to the Constitutional Convention . United States National Archives and Records Administration. Date of treatment September 6, 2015.
- ↑ Stewart, David O. The Summer of 1787. - New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007 .-- ISBN 978-0-7432-8692-3 .
Literature
- RB Bernstein The Founding Fathers Reconsidered - Oxford University Press , NY, (2008)