Life safety

Life Safety (BC) - 1) a favorable, normal state of the environment of a person, working and study conditions, food and rest, under which the possibility of hazardous factors threatening his health, life, property, legitimate interests is reduced; 2) the science of the safe interaction of man with the environment; 3) academic discipline in the system of secondary vocational and higher education, which forms knowledge, skills and abilities to ensure one’s own security, actions in dangerous conditions, including emergency situations ^[1] .

The main goal of the Belarusian Railways as a science is to protect people in the technosphere from negative hazards (impacts) of anthropogenic and natural origin and to achieve comfortable or safe living conditions.

The impact of man-made hazards disrupts the normal functioning of people, causing accidents leading to emergency situations and natural disasters, including environmental. At present, an alarming tendency of an increase in the destructive impact of natural hazards and processes has been formed. For all the specifics of situations in specific countries and regions, they are caused by the growth of population, its concentration and material wealth in relatively limited areas, as well as the changing nature of the genesis of natural disasters. By intruding into nature and creating more and more powerful engineering complexes, humanity forms a new, extremely complex system, including the technosphere, the laws of which are still unknown. This leads to increased uncertainty of information about the functioning of the technosphere, the entropy processes occurring in it, the risk of technological disasters - large-scale accidents in industry, energy, transport, pollution of the biosphere by highly toxic and radioactive production wastes that threaten the health of millions of people.

Life safety includes a civil defense system.

The Institute of Civil Defense begins to operate after a declaration of martial law, that is, in wartime. In Russia, in peacetime, the Commission for the Elimination of the Consequences of Emergency Situations and Natural Disasters (EMERCOM) deals with all the protection of citizens. In order to prevent civilian deaths and injuries in emergency situations, which is the main damage to the state, on the territory of Russia, the organs of the Emergency Response Service developed, adopted and operate regulated principles and methods of protecting the population.

Content

Primary Objectives

Hazard identification (hazard type, spatial and temporal coordinates);
Prevention and protection from hazards, based on the concentration and residual risk , and the elimination of the consequences of exposure to danger to humans .;
Planning and organization of events in the context of possible and implemented emergency situations .
Protection against danger based on a comparison of costs and benefits.

Danger - this is any phenomenon that threatens human life and health, the natural and the environment; the property of living and inanimate matter that can harm a person, lead to permanent disability.

Notes

↑ Gafner V.V. Basics of life safety: conceptual and terminological dictionary / V.V. Gafner. - M .: FLINTA: Science, 2016. - 280 p. - ISBN 978-5-9765-2470-5 . - ISBN 978-5-02-038927-4 .

Human security can be achieved at the expense of

reduce the intensity of flows from the source of danger ;
by improving the design of hazards;
increasing the distance between the source of danger and the person. Reducing the duration of their interaction;
the use of various means of protection between man and the source of danger.

  Danger is any phenomenon that threatens human life and health, the natural environment;  the property of living and inanimate matter that can harm a person, lead to permanent disability.  Hazards arise when the flow of matter, energy, information acting on a person or the natural environment exceeds permissible values.  Hazards affect humans, the elements of the technosphere and the natural environment at the same time.  The action of danger is accompanied by damage to humans, elements of the technosphere and the natural environment.

  Risk is the probability (frequency) of the hazard realization.

The risk is expressed by the formula: $R={n \over N}$ ${\ displaystyle R = {n \ over N}}$ where n is the number of realized danger cases; N is the total possible number of cases of danger.

Varieties of risk

individual risk - characterizes the danger to the individual;
collective risk (social, group) - the risk of realization of danger for a certain type of collective, a certain social or professional group of people.

Literature

Life safety: a course of lectures / N.S. Malchenko. - Minsk: The Ark, 2015.- 210 p. : il. ISBN 978-985-7137-05-3.

[1] Gafner V.V. Basics of life safety: conceptual and terminological dictionary / V.V. Gafner. - M .: FLINTA: Science, 2016. - 280 p. - ISBN 978-5-9765-2470-5 . - ISBN 978-5-02-038927-4 .