September 20

See also: Category: Holidays September 20

National

•   Venezuela ,   Peru ,   Uruguay - Day of freedom of expression of thoughts ^[2] .
•   Thailand - National Youth Day ^[3] .

Professional

•   Azerbaijan - Day of oilmen of Azerbaijan .
•   Belarus - Customs Day ^[4] .
•   Kyrgyzstan - Day of the entrepreneur ^[5] .

  Religious

  Catholicism

- memory of 103 Korean martyrs ;

- the memory of St. Eustache .

  Orthodoxy ^{[6] [7]}

- pre- Christmas of the Blessed Virgin ;

- memory of the martyr Sozont Pompeolsky (Cilicia) (c. 304 years );

- the memory of St. John, the Archbishop of Novgorod ( 1186 );

- memory of the martyr Makarii Kanevsky, Pinsk, Ovruchsky, Pereyaslavsky ( 1678 );

- Memory of Rev. Macarius of Optina ( 1860 );

- the memory of the martyrs Peter Snezhnitsky and Michael Tikhonitsky presbyters;

- the memory of the martyrs Eugene (Zernov), Metropolitan of Gorky , and with him Stephen Kreydich Prester and Monastic Martyrs Eugene (Vyzhva) , Nicholas (Ashpiev) , Hegumen and Pakhomiya (Ionov) , Hieromonk (1937);

- memory of martyrs Gregory Averin , Vasily Sungurov presbyters, martyr Leo (Egorov) , archimandrite ( 1937 );

- the memory of the apostles from 70 Evoda ( 66 year ) and Onisiphor (after 67 year );

- memory of the martyr Eupsychia of Caesarea (Cappadocia) ( 117–138 years );

- the memory of St. Luke of Glubokorechensky (Kappadokiy) (after 975 );

- the memory of the Reverend Alexander Peresvet ( 1380 ) and Andrei Oslyab (c. 1380 );

- the memory of St. Serapion the Spaso-Eleazarovsky, Pskov ( 1480 ).

Name Day

• Catholic : Eustathius , the names of 103 Korean martyrs
• Orthodox : Alexander , Andrei , Vasily , Grigory , Eugene , Evod, Eupsychius, Evtikhiy , Ivan , Leo , Luka , Macarius , Mikhail , Nikolay , Onisifor, Pakhomiy, Petr , Savva , Serapion , Sozont , Stefan

See also: Category: September 20 Events

Until the XX century

• 622 - the relocation ( hijra ) of Mohammed and his adherents from Mecca to Medina .
• 1066 - Battle of Fulford .
• 1187 - Saladin began the siege of Jerusalem against the Crusaders .
• 1258 - Salisbury Cathedral consecrated.
• 1378 - simultaneously elected two Popes - Urban VI and Clement VII . In the Catholic Church began the Great Smooth ( Schism ), which lasted almost 40 years.
• 1519 - the beginning of the expedition Fernand Magellan .
• 1697 - The Kingdom of France on the one hand and Spain , England and the Republic of the United Provinces signed the Raysweig peace treaty , ending the War of the Augsburg League .
• 1775 - Catherine II appointed the Greek monk Yevgeny Vulgaris archbishop of the new lands of Novorossia.
• 1792 - divorces are allowed in France .
• 1802 - Alexander I 's decree on the establishment of ministries in Russia to replace outdated colleges. At first, eight were formed: military, maritime, foreign affairs, internal affairs and police, justice, finance, commerce, and public education.
• 1854 - Battle of Alma during the Crimean War .
• 1862
  • In Novgorod the Great, the Millennium of Russia Monument is unveiled.
  • The first conservatory in Russia was founded in St. Petersburg .
• 1870 - the unification of Italy is completed. Italian troops occupied the Papal States and entered Rome , which was proclaimed the capital of the kingdom. Pope Pius IX ( Pius PP. IX ) refused to negotiate with the new government, retired to his palace in the Vatican and declared himself and his successors on the papal throne "Vatican captives." This situation persisted until 1929 .
• 1875 - an incident off the island of Ganghwa . Strengthening differences between Japan and Korea , behind which stood Qing China.
• 1878 - Highest Bestuzhev Courses opened in St. Petersburg - Russia's first women's university.

XX century

• 1909 - The English Parliament approved the South African constitution, in which English and Dutch were recognized as official languages.
• 1917 - The Canadian Parliament granted the right to vote to mothers, wives and sisters of soldiers fighting at the front.
• 1918
  • Execution of Baku commissars .
  • The Italian priest Pio had wounds on his hands and feet ( stigmata ), which periodically appeared until his death in 1968 .
• 1919 - Pravda newspaper launched the slogan "Proletarian, on a horse!" Subsequently, the slogan was transformed into a toast, which complete the gatherings.
• 1934 - Soviet icebreaker " Litke " completed the first voyage of the Northern Sea Route , completed during one navigation.
• 1939 - the defense of Grodno (until September 22) - ( September campaign ) began.
• 1942 - the Nazis destroyed the ghetto in Domachevo .
• 1946 - the opening of the Cannes Film Festival . Chronologically, the first film festival was not Cannes, but Venice. The Venice Festival was conceived as a demonstration of the power and glory of the fascist regime. In France, feeling that the clouds are gathering, the idea arose of countering the cinema of the “free world” to the fascist cinema. In 1939, everything was ready - and then the war broke out. And the first Cannes festival was postponed for seven years.
• 1954 - compiled and launched the first program written in Fortran .
• 1959 - Lee Harvey Oswald, who was fired nine days earlier from the ranks of the marines for pro-Soviet and radical views, went to the Soviet Union.
• 1969 - The group “ Creedence Clearwater Revival ” only once in its history rose to the first place of the British charts with the song “Bad Moon Rising”.
• 1979
  • Overthrown the emperor Bokassa I.
  • An astronomical observatory was put into orbit to record high-energy radiation .
• 1990 - South Ossetia proclaimed its separation from Georgia .
• 1992 - in a referendum, the majority of French citizens spoke in favor of joining the European Union .
• 1993 - the Parliament of Azerbaijan decided to join the CIS .
• 1994 - Azerbaijani President Heydar Aliyev in Baku granted a consortium of Western firms BP (Great Britain), AMOKO, Penzol (USA), Lukoil and TPAO (Russia) to the Contract of the Century agreements the right to extract Caspian oil (Russia declared the illegality of this treaty).
• 1997 - For the fifth time Elton John led the British hit parade with the old song “Candle in the Wind”, which he dedicated to the memory of the deceased Princess Diana .
• 1999 - The School of Prostitutes began work in Antwerp ( Belgium ). Not only “beginners” could be enrolled in the courses, but also those who want to improve their professional skills. Three months later, the school was closed under pressure from public organizations ^[8] .
• 2000 - Taiwan authorities arrested 25-year-old Cheng Yin-Hao, the creator of the famous computer virus CIH (“ChiH”), named after the author’s initials. In the people, the virus is known as “Chernobyl”, since one of its versions is activated on April 26, on the anniversary of the accident at the nuclear power plant.

XXI century

• 2002 - the collapse of the Kolka glacier in the Karmadon gorge in North Ossetia . As a result of the disaster, Sergei Bodrov died and the crew of the film Svyaznoy.
• 2008 - terrorist act at the Marriot Hotel .

See also: Category: Born September 20

Until the XIX century

• 1412 - Efrem Perekomsky (died 1492 ), Orthodox saint, founder of the Perekomsky monastery near Novgorod .
• 1744 - Giacomo Quarenghi (d. 1817 ), Italian-Russian architect ( Smolny Institute ).
• 1778 - Thaddeus Bellingshausen (died 1852 ), a Russian navigator of German origin, one of the discoverers of Antarctica .

XIX century

• 1809 - Nestor Kukolnik (d. 1868 ), Russian writer.
• 1820 - John Reynolds (d. 1863 ), American general, participant in the civil war on the side of the North.
• 1833 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (d. 1918 ), Italian journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner (1907).
• 1837 - Peter Lesgaft (died 1909 ), Russian anatomist, anthropologist, psychologist and teacher.
• 1842 - James Dewar (d. 1923 ), English inventor of the first thermoses.
• 1843 - Nikolai Aleksandrovich (died 1865 ), crown prince and grand duke, the eldest son of Emperor Alexander II .
• 1845 - Josef Karabatsek (died 1918 ), Austrian orientalist.
• 1865 - Lubor Niederle (died 1944 ), Czech archaeologist, ethnographer, Slavic historian and anthropologist.
• 1869
  • Marcel Cachin (died 1958 ), French Communist, a major figure in the Socialist International and the Comintern .
  • Juozas Tumas-Vaizhgantas (died 1933 ), Lithuanian writer, literary critic and public figure.
• 1874 - Nikolai Semashko (died 1949 ), a Soviet party and state leader, People's Commissar for Health (1918-1930).
• 1878 - Upton Bill Sinclair (died 1968 ), American writer.
• 1886 - Cecilia Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1954 ), crown princess Prussia and German.
• 1892 - Sergey Anichkov (died 1981 ), Soviet pharmacologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences .
• 1899 - Nikolai Annenkov (d. 1999 ), theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1899 - Leo Strauss (died 1973 ), historian of political philosophy, cultural studies, chief ideologue of neoconservatism .
• 1900
  • Nikolay Timofeev-Resovsky (died 1981 ), Russian Soviet biologist, geneticist.
  • Alexander Orlov (died in 1945 ), Soviet commander, vice-admiral.

XX century

• 1914 - Kenneth Moore (d. 1982 ), English theater and film actor.
• 1922 - Grigory Pozhenyan (d. 2005 ), Soviet and Russian front-line poet, co-author of songs, prose writer.
• 1934 - Sophia Loren , Italian film actress.
• 1948 - George Martin , American science fiction writer, screenwriter and producer.
• 1949 - Sabine Azema , French actress.
• 1949 - Manuel Zelaya , President of Honduras (2006–2009).
• 1954 - Gennady Malakhov , Russian popularizer of non-traditional healing methods, writer, TV host.
• 1956 - Gary Cole , American actor.
• 1957 - Vladimir Tkachenko , Soviet basketball player, world champion (1982).
• 1959 - Sergey Popov , Soviet and Russian rock musician, guitarist.
• 1963 - Andrei Derzhavin , Soviet and Russian musician and singer.
• 1971 - Henrik Larsson , Swedish football player, winner of the UEFA Champions League (2006).
• 1974 - Katya Lel , Russian pop singer.
• 1975 - Juan-Pablo Montoya , a former Formula One driver.
• 1988
  • Sergey Bobrovsky , Russian hockey player (goalkeeper), NHL player, world champion (2014).
  • Habib Nurmagomedov , Russian mixed martial arts fighter, UFC lightweight champion (2018).
• 1990 - John Tavares , Canadian hockey player, Olympic champion (2014).

See also: Category: Dead September 20

• 1839 - Thomas Hardy (born 1769 ), Vice-Admiral of the British Navy, Baronet .
• 1840 - José Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia (b. 1766 ), one of the first leaders of an independent Paraguay , Supreme dictator of the country.
• 1863 - Jacob Grimm (b. 1785 ), German philologist and folklorist.
• 1870 - Emeriko Amari (b. 1810 ), Italian politician, economist, journalist, lawyer, publisher.
• 1897 - Karel Bendl (b. 1838 ), Czech musician, composer and conductor.
• 1898 - Theodore Fontane (b. 1819 ), German writer.
• 1908 - Pablo de Sarasate (b. 1844 ), Spanish violinist and composer.
• 1918 - Stepan Shaumyan (b. 1878 ), revolutionary, one of the 26 Baku commissars who were shot .
• 1930 - Gombozhab Tsybikov (b. 1873 ), Russian researcher, the first photographer of Tibet .
• 1932 - Max Slevogt (born 1868 ), German impressionist painter, graphic artist, set designer, illustrator.
• 1933 - Annie Besant (born 1847 ), English Theosophist .
• 1939 - Tadeusz Dolenga-Mostovich (b. 1898 ), Polish writer, journalist, screenwriter (assassinated).
• 1942 - Karlis Ulmanis (b. 1887 ), Latvian statesman, President of Latvia (1936–1940).
• 1957 - Jan Sibelius (b. 1865 ), Finnish composer.
• 1960 - Ida Rubinstein (b. 1883 ), Russian ballerina and actress.
• 1961 - Andrzej Munk (b. 1921 ), Polish film director.
• 1969 - Sergey Blinnikov (b. 1901 ), theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1970 - Vasyl Sukhomlinsky (b. 1918 ), Ukrainian teacher.
• 1971 - George Seferis (b. 1900 ), Greek poet, Nobel Prize winner (1963).
• 1975 - Saint-Jon Perce (b. 1887 ), French poet, Nobel Prize winner (1960).
• 1979 - Ludwik Svoboda (b. 1895 ), president of Czechoslovakia (1968–1975), army general.
• 1986 - Victor Khokhryakov (b. 1923 ), theater and film actor, theater director, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1999 - Raisa Gorbachev (b. 1932 ), Soviet public figure, the wife of Mikhail S. Gorbachev .
• 2000 - German Titov (born 1935 ), Soviet cosmonaut.
• 2002 - Sergei Bodrov (born 1971 ), Russian actor, director, screenwriter.
• 2005
  • Simon Wiesenthal (b. 1908 ), Austrian " Nazi hunter".
  • Charles Leonard Harness (b. 1915 ), American science fiction writer.
  • Grigory Pozhenyan (born 1922 ), Russian songwriter, prose writer.
  • Yuri Aizenshpis (born 1945 ), Russian music producer.
• 2006 - Alexander Movchan (b. 1932 ), Soviet and Ukrainian theater and film actor.
• 2011 - Alexey Mamykin (b. 1936 ), Soviet footballer, honored coach of the RSFSR.
• 2014 - Anatoly Berezovoy (born 1942 ), Soviet cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union.
• 2016 - Curtis Hanson (born 1945 ), American film director, producer, screenwriter, winner of the Oscar .
• 2017 - Rimma Solntseva (born 1930 ), Soviet and Russian actress and theater teacher.

• Onions, bows day.
• Bow and bath all rule.
• In this week, everywhere finished cleaning onions.
• The cold winter foreshadows an abundance of husk on the bulbs.
• Bow - good and in battle, and in the soup.
• On this day, onions in "braids weaved the girls." It was believed that "from onion wet and from onion peel" the braids will be silky and taut ^[9] .