Inyakino

The village of Inyakino is located on the Oka-Don Plain on the Milchus River, 19 km northeast of the town of Shilovo . The distance from the village to the regional center of Shilovo by road is 22 km.

From the east, right next to the village, there is a large forest, in which the BAM artificial lake ( pond ) BAM, the tracts Inyakinskoye Lesnichestvo (formerly inhabited locality), Lysaya Gorka, Korki, Fedino Boloto and Studeny and Savochki ravines are located at the mouth of the Zenkin stream. To the south of the village are the tracts of Nozhka and Slatino; to the north - the tract of Khoroma; to the west - a forest with tracts Borok, Living Swamp and Blue Stone. The nearest settlements are the village of Tarnovo , the villages of Seltso-Sergievka and Elizavetinka .

According to the 2010 census, 1224 people are constantly living in the village of Inyakino. (in 1992 - 1419 people ^[2] ).

Popular legend connects the emergence of the village and its name with a certain robber Inyaka , who was hiding with his comrades in the wilds of local dense forests and robbing passing merchants. But gradually the robbers settled on the banks of the Milchus River, started families. And so went the clan of the Inyakinsky villagers. ^[3]

The surroundings of the village of Inyakino have been developed by man since ancient times, as evidenced by the archeological monuments surrounding the village. On the territory of the village of Inyakino and its environs, a stone ax-celt and flint arrowheads were found, which are believed to date back to the Bronze Age (2 thousand BC). A group of Slavic mounds was discovered 1 km northeast of the village church; 1.5 km south-west of the village on the right bank of the Milchus River are the remains of the ancient Russian settlement of the 11th – 13th centuries. and nearby is a village of the 13th – 15th centuries. The hillfort is located on a hill planted in Soviet times with a pine planting. The remains of the rampart encircling the ancient settlement, inside which 2 barrows are located, have been preserved. No systematic archaeological excavations have been carried out here. ^{[3] [4]}

The first written mention of the village of Inyakino, Mikhailovo, Knyaginino identity is contained in the scribal books of Shatsk and Kasimov for 1658-1659. where it is described like this:

“ For Princess Marya Tsarevich, Prince Mikhailov’s wife, Kaybulina, which was given to her after her husband’s living, the village of Mikhailovskoye, which was the village of Inyakina on the river on Kilchus, and in it the church in the name of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the limit of Michael the Archangel, and in the church the images and vestments and books and bells and all the church buildings of Princess Mary, and the church has a courtyard of pop Afonasey Kondratyev, a courtyard of clerk Vaska da Martinko Afonasev’s children, a courtyard sexton Grishka Petrov son Shorin, a courtyard of a marshmallow Malanyitsa Grigoryev’s daughter, a courtyard courtyard, 65 peasant courtyards, thieves empty 10 ". ^[five]

That is, by the middle of the XVII century. the village belonged to the widow of the Tatar service prince Mikhail Kaybulin and was already quite large, with the Assumption Church and the landowner yard. According to salary books of 1676 in the village of Inyakino at the Assumption Church were listed

“The courtyard of the priest Prokhor, the courtyard of the priest Fedos, the courtyard of the clerks, the Ponomarsky courtyard, the courtyard of prosvirnitsyn and prikhotsky: the courtyard is boyar, and there lives a prikachnik, 134 peasant courtyards, 7 widowed courtyards, 33 Bobyl courtyards. And according to the land priest, from the boyars' dachas, 3 quarters in the field, in two heirs, Sennago mowing for 15 kopecks. According to the salary of the given money, 3 rubles 12 altyn 4 money ”. ^[five]

In 1812, "for special services to the Fatherland", the village of Inyakino was granted to General Dmitry Sergeyevich Olsufyev (1780 + 1858), a hero of the Patriotic War with Napoleonic France and a participant in the Battle of Borodino . D.S. Olsufiev opened 2 factories for the production of cloth and paper matter in Inyakino, based on the labor of serfs.

In the years 1836-1849. on the initiative and at the expense of D.S. Olsufiev, in the village of Inyakino, instead of the old dilapidated wooden church, a spacious stone Assumption Church was built with chapels in the name of the Archangel Michael of God (right), and St. Metrophanes the Voronezh Wonderworker (left). ^{[4] [5]}

At the same time as the Assumption Church in the village of Inyakino, 2 chapels were also built. The smallest of them was erected on the site of the altar of the old wooden Assumption Church, and the largest was built on the opposite bank of the Milchus River at the mouth of the Zenkin stream, where, according to legend, the miraculous icon of St. Paraskeva, called Friday, was shown in ancient times, and where it was built in her honor swimming pool.

The reform of 1861, accompanied by the abolition of serfdom , led to the closure of serf manufactories in Inyakino. In 1864, a 1-class Zemstvo parish school opened in Inyakino, and later a 2-class ministerial school . In 1878, the cemetery of St. Sergius Church was built in the village, in 1881 - a chapel in honor of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky - in memory of the Tsar-Liberator Alexander II .

By 1891, according to I.V.Dobrolyubov , in the parish of the Assumption Church in the village of Inyakino, in addition to the village with 429 yards, there were the villages of Elisavetina (35 yards) and Sergievskoe (98 yards), in which 2098 souls of men and 2296 souls lived females, including literate 637 men and 72 women. ^[five]

The village grew rapidly, and by the beginning of the XX century. in Inyakino, there were already 500 yards. But the development of capitalist relations led to the depopulation of the local peasantry: if by the end of the 1860s. in Inyakino, there were 40 landless yards, then by the beginning of the XX century. there were already 280 of them. As a result, otkhodnichestvo developed, including female one: thus, by 1897, the Inyakinsky peasant women worked in the city in a factory - 4 people, laborers - 2 people.

Difficult conditions of work and life, the mass depopulation of peasants created favorable soil for revolutionary agitation, which was especially intensified in Inyakino during the years of the 1st Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. This was facilitated by the government’s expulsion from Moscow and St. Petersburg of the unreliable elements seen in the revolutionary protests, under the supervision of the local police. Among the “unreliable” there were many Inyakino peasants who went to work in large cities. In Inyakino, these revolutionary-minded peasants gained many supporters.

March 22, 1906, on the eve of Easter, a general rural gathering under their influence decided to remove all priests from the village and to "diminish their profitability." The next day, a revolutionary rally was held in the square in front of the Assumption Church. Its organizer was a local peasant G. Ya. Fedotov. The rally was anti-religious in nature. The chosen place (church square) and time (holiday of Christ's Resurrection) could not be regarded otherwise than as a provocation. At the time when the church service was being held, a group of peasants I.P. Bogomolov, M.A. Ovechkin, F.A. Lepekhin, Spassky tradesman E.E. Lyubimov separated from the protesters and went to the church. Their attempt to break into the temple was stopped by the parishioners, offended by the impudent behavior of the "revolutionaries". The protesters still managed to get into the bell tower. At the belfry, they cracked the floors and damaged two bells. Then, having destroyed the masonry of the wall, they began to throw bricks at the crowd gathered below, and at the abbot of the church of the father, I.K. Mnozhin, who tried by persuasion to stop the hooligans. ^[6]

In the following days, according to the testimony of priests I.K. Mnozhin and A.I. Aristov, " not only the clergy, but also all the inhabitants of the village were terrorized by the arson carried out by the revolutionaries ." On July 3, 1906, the general rural gathering of the peasants of the village of Inyakino in his verdict again spoke out for the removal of all priests from the village and for depriving them of any income. ^[6]

It would be hard to say how events would unfold. The administration intervened. I.P. Bogomolov, M.A. Ovechkin, F.A. Lepekhin, E.E. Lyubimov and G. Ya. Fedotov were arrested by the police and put on trial. The investigation lasted about 3 years. In 1910, the defendants were found guilty by a verdict of a district court. When asked by the prosecutor about the reasons for the rally, about the choice of place and time for the rally, the Iyakin revolutionaries simply answered: “ They arranged everything because there is no God! »For calls for the overthrow of the existing system, blasphemy and deliberate damage to church property, the court sentenced the convicts to 4 years of hard labor. Soon, all the perpetrators of the “revolutionary” Easter were sent to hard labor. ^[6]

The revolutionary traditions of the Inyakin peasants were preserved in the future. At the beginning of 1918, one of the first party cells in Spassky Uyezd was created in Inyakino, numbering 50 members by May 1918. The newspaper Pravda, dated June 23, 1918, wrote that it was one of the largest and most powerful party organizations in the Ryazan province. In the same 1918, in order to occupy the local peasantry, at the initiative of the Council of Peasant Deputies, a brick factory was opened in the village of Inyakino. ^[7]

Collectivization of agriculture in Inyakino began in the spring of 1929, when the Partnership for Joint Processing of Land (TOZ) was created in the village, and in September 1929, the Volunteer collective farm was formed on its basis. By January 1, 1930, 13 strong peasant farms were dispossessed in Inyakino. However, they failed to socialize all the cattle in Inyakino, as this caused mass protests of the peasants. The Inyakinsky Machine and Tractor Station (MTS), one of the two that existed at that time on the territory of the Shilovsky district, greatly assisted in the formation of the collective farm. The appearance of the village has changed significantly: new spacious wooden houses were built for the families of collective farmers and MTS workers, and a comprehensive school began to work in the village. ^{[4] [7]}

At the same time, it was in the 1930s. all three chapels in the village of Inyakino were destroyed and dismantled into bricks, and in the place of the bathhouse at the chapel of St. Paraskeva Friday they built a slaughterhouse. In 1936, the cemetery of St. Sergius Church was closed and defined as a barnyard, which soon burned down from a lightning strike. June 21, 1939 the decision of the Ryazan Regional Executive Committee closed the Assumption Church in the village of Inyakino, in which a granary was arranged.

The fate of the clergy and monks was tragic. In 1937, the village priest John of Arkhangelsk, deacon Dmitry Erofeev and church elder Alexander Klochkov were arrested for counter-revolutionary activities. Father John was accused of campaigning against collectivization, of defeatist views and of using the religious feelings of citizens. He and deacon Dmitry Erofeev were shot in 1937. At first, Alexander Klochkov was convicted as the “sole-man”, who maliciously interrupted the sowing of spring crops. Then they added “hostile sentiments to the Soviet regime” and “active participation in the anti-Soviet group of churchmen”, condemning it for 10 years in the camps. ^[eight]

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The peaceful development of the village was interrupted. During these difficult days, 276 people were called to the front from the village of Inyakino. Many of them did not return home, died, died the death of the brave in different parts of a huge front. It was incredibly difficult for those who remained in the rear. These were mainly women and children. They replaced men in agricultural work, sewed socks and mittens for the soldiers of the Red Army. Already in July 1941, at the Inyakinskaya MTS, courses were opened for the training of tractor drivers and combine harvesters from among women and adolescents. ^{[4] [7]}

In the postwar years, the development of the village continued. In the village, agricultural machinery (based on the former MTS), a bakery were opened. In 1960, an agricultural mechanization school was opened in Inyakino, in which 90 people were already studying in the year of opening. In 1963, it was transformed into a rural vocational school (SPTU No. 24). Since 1973, this institution was one of the first in the Russian Federation to train students in 9 professions while receiving secondary general education. On the basis of SPTU No. 24, regional and republican competitions of professional excellence in various professions, seminars of directors of educational institutions of the Ryazan region, a meeting of directors of rural vocational schools of the Soviet Union were repeatedly held.

With great gratitude, the Inyakintsy recall the former chairman of the Volunteer collective farm, Viktor Fedorovich Romanov, who until the end of his days worked for the good of the village (he headed the collective farm from 1961 to 1992). The collective farm at that time specialized in potato growing, and the teams of mechanized potato-growing links of N.V. Vedenev and N.V. Yeseykina led the social competition in the region for a number of years, achieving high yields. ^[four]

At the expense of the collective farm and at the initiative of V.F. Romanov himself, children's institutions were built (high school, two kindergartens, in 1983), a rural House of Culture (in 1989), the board building of the Volunteer collective farm (now located there administration of a rural settlement), apartment buildings, the building of the former House of Life. On his initiative, the collective farm actively helped young families to acquire their own housing, new comfortable houses were built. In addition, for the leisure of the Inyakins, a huge artificial lake was equipped on the Zenkin stream, in which fish were bred. The lake became known as BAM. And now this is a favorite summer vacation spot for Inyakintsy and village guests. ^[four]

In 1984, SPTU No. 24 in the village of Inyakino was transformed into a professional lyceum, and at the end of 2008 - into an agrotechnological technical school. Over the years of its existence, the college has trained about 20 thousand workers for the agricultural sector of the Ryazan region. More than 100 of them were awarded orders and medals of the USSR and the Russian Federation for their successes and personal contribution to the development of the national economy.

In the 1980s Orthodox believers returned the dilapidated building of the Assumption Church. By 1989, thanks to the help of the Volunteer collective farm and its chairman V.F. Romanov, the church was restored and consecrated, and in 1991 it was visited by His Holiness Alexy II , Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, who gave a blessing to continue restoration work. In the late 1990s. collective farm "Volunteer" was transformed into an agricultural production cooperative (SPK) "Volunteer", which ceased to exist in 2006 ^{[4] [8]}

In 2008, on the initiative of the native of the village of Inyakino, N. N. Kobyzeva, and with the help of all the inhabitants of the village, a chapel was re-built in the mouth of the Zenkin stream (Pyatnitsa River) in honor of the great martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa.

The settlements from the village of Inyakino are the villages of Orekhovka and Nekrasovka, Shilovsky district, Ryazan region.

The estate was founded in the first third of the 17th century by Princess M.M. Kaybulina. In the last quarter of the XVIII century belonged to the noblewoman M.V. Saltykova (1728-1792), who married a real Privy Councilor A.V. Olsufiev (1721-1784). From the first third of the 19th century, their grandson of the guard, Colonel D.S. Olsufiev (born 1787), married to E.N. von bushen. In the second half of the century, the estate was owned by noblemen Kondoidi. At the beginning of the XX century the landowner A.T. Popov.

At the Olsufievs estate since 1833 there was a cloth factory. In Popov’s estate, an exemplary farm with developed livestock husbandry was established, cattle plants and a starch factory were operating.

The current Assumption Church of 1834-1850 in the Empire style, built by D.S. Olsufyev instead of the old wooden one, with perestroika of the second half of the 19th century. The manor buildings and the wooden cemetery church of Sergius of Radonezh in 1878 were lost.

Spouses A.V. and M.V. The Olsufievs belonged to the Agishevo estate ^[9] .

According to data for 2015/2016, in the village of Inyakino, Shilovsky district, Ryazan region, there are:

1. Peksely LLC, an agro-industrial enterprise;
2. Agricultural Mushroom Farm LLC, an agro-industrial enterprise.

In the village there are several shops, cafes.

In the village of Inyakino, Shilovsky district, Ryazan region, there is a branch of Sberbank of the Russian Federation, a post office, a feldsher-midwife station (FAP), an Agrotechnological College of the village of Inyakino, Inyakinskaya secondary school, kindergarten, House of Culture and a library.

A highway of regional significance P125 passes through the village of Inyakino: "Ryazhsk - Kasimov - Nizhny Novgorod".

• Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Assumption Church. Built in 1836-1849. on the initiative and at the expense of General D. S. Olsufiev. ^[ten]
• Monument to agricultural workers. Installed at the building of the Agrotechnological College. It is a Fordson tractor on a pedestal.
• Sculptural group in the square next to the Assumption Church.
• Monument to fellow villagers who died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Installed in the central square of the village in 1965.
• Chapel and holy spring in honor of the great martyr Paraskeva Friday. Built in 2008 at the mouth of the Zenkin stream (Friday). ^[eleven]

• Dmitry Fedorovich Belyaev (1846 + 1901) - Professor of Greek literature, philologist, Byzantine Kazan University.
• Leonid Iosifovich Levin (1939 + 2016) - a famous Russian cultural expert and musicologist.
• Vasily Ivanovich Koldin (b.1948) - Ryazan artist and teacher, director of the Ryazan Art College named after G.K. Wagner, member of the Union of Designers of the Russian Federation.
• Nikolai Pavlovich Roslyakov (b.1948) - Ryazan landscape painter.

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  Belyaev Dmitry Fedorovich (1846 - 1901).

• Unofficial site of the village of Inyakino