The leaders of the destroyers of the type "Somers" ( eng. Somers class ) - a type of destroyers of the US Navy built between world wars. 5 destroyers were built, built at two shipyards, and commissioned in 1937-1939. All ships took part in the hostilities in World War II, and four survived the war.
| Somers-class destroyers | |
|---|---|
| Somers class destroyer | |
 DD395 October 18, 1938 | |
| Project | |
| A country | |
| Operators |
|
| Subsequent type | " Benham " |
| Years built | 1935-1939 |
| Years of operation | 1938–1946 |
| Scheduled | five |
| Built by | five |
| Losses | one |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 2014 for tons (standard) 2767 dl. t (full) |
| Length | 116.1 m |
| Width | 11.3 m |
| Draft | 3.8 m |
| Engines | 2 Westinghouse steam turbines , 4 boilers |
| Power | 52,000 liters with. |
| Mover | 2 screws |
| Travel speed | 37 knots (full) [1] |
| Navigation range | 7,500 miles on the go 15 knots (project) |
| Fuel reserve | 627 tons of oil |
| Crew | 294 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 4 × 2 - 127 mm / 38 AU |
| Flak | 2 × 4 - 28 mm 2 × 1 - 12.7-mm machine gun Browning M2 |
| Anti-submarine weapons | 2 bombs 14 GB |
| Mine-torpedo armament | 3 × 4 533 mm TA |
Content
Development History
Initially it was planned that two next leaders of the type “Porter” (DD-381 and 383) would be built according to the program of the 1934th fiscal year. However, the emergence of the project destroyers type "Mahan" with a new economical power plant, which used compact high-pressure boilers [approx. 1] and two-stage gearboxes , led to the fact that the leaders also decided to redesign for a similar power plant. All improvements did not fit in 1850 tons of the limit, went more than 1950. As a result, the American side went to the frank forgery - the displacement of the new leaders was officially declared equal to 1850 dl. tons, and the real figure was kept secret. In fact, the standard displacement of these destroyers was 2014 dl. tons [2] .
Construction
The refusal of a massive aft superstructure with a fire control station made it possible to change the composition of the torpedo armament — a third TA appeared in the center plane (which was also facilitated by the withdrawal of chimneys of all PCs into a single chimney).
Armament
A feature of the leaders of the new project was not only as powerful as the Porters, artillery armament - eight non - universal 127-mm Mark 12 guns in twin Mark 22 installations with a rate of fire of up to 12 ... 15 rounds per minute [3] , but strong torpedo armament - three quad torpedo tubes . Spare torpedoes are not provided.
Upgrades
In 1941, they decided to replace the 28-mm machine guns and 12.7-mm machine guns with 3 × 2 40-mm “beaufors” and 6 × 1 20-mm “erlikon”. Since the stability of ships of this type was inadequate before, rearmament was accompanied by measures to reduce overload - the upper tiers of the aft superstructure, together with the 28-mm aft automatic machine, were dismantled, TA No. 2 and tower No. 3 were also removed. (shifted to the starboard side), the second “bofforce” was placed behind the chimney (offset to the left side). The third Beaufors replaced the 28-mm machine gun in its position in front of the bridge. These works began after the entry of the USA into the war. Dismantling of the tower number 3 decided to hold later, which led to the fact that the "beauforce" on the aft superstructure was not installed, and in its place was temporarily mounted "erlikon". In this case, the ships carried 2 × 2 40-mm and 5 × 1 20-mm machine guns. The anti-submarine armament was also boosted - the reserve of augers for stern BS was increased to 23, and six bomb bombs (39 GB) were installed on the upper deck on the sides of the aft superstructure.
Destroyer Type List
- DD-381 “Somers” (FSB, 06.26.1935 / 13.3.1937 / 12.1937 - exc. 1947)
- DD-383 “Warrington” (FSB, 10/10/1935 / 15.5.1937 / 2.1938 —by 13.9.1944)
- DD-394 Sampson (BIW, 8.4.1936 / 16.4.1938 / 8.1938 - exc. 1945)
- DD-395 Davis (BIW, 07.27.1936 / 20.7.1938 / 11.1938 - exc. 1945)
- DD-396 Jouett (BIW, 3/26/1936 / 24.9.1938 / 1.1939 - exc. 1945)
Service
"Warrington" September 13, 1944 sank during a storm 175 miles southeast of the Bahamas.
| Comparative performance characteristics of prewar destroyers and leaders | ||||||||
| Type of | " Porter " [4] | Tribal [5] | "Somers" | " Assacio " [6] | " Leningrad " [7] | Leberecht Maass [8] | " Le Fantas " | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Built units | eight | 27 | five | ten | 3 | four | 6 | |
| Dimensions L × W × O, m | 116 × 11.2 × 3.2 | 114.9 × 11.12 × 3.96 | 116.1 × 11.3 × 3.8 | 115.0 × 10.3 × 3.7 | 127.5 × 11.7 × 4.18 | 119 × 11.3 × 4.3 | 132.4 × 12.4 × 5 | |
| Displacement [approx. 2] , standard / full, dl. t | 1850/2597 | 1854/2519 | 2014/2767 | 1962/2370 | 2000/2651 | 2197/3106 | 2528/3326 | |
| Artillery GK | 127 mm / 38 - 4 × 2 | 120 mm / 45 - 4 × 2 | 127 mm / 38 - 4 × 2 | 127 mm / 50 - 3 × 2 | 130 mm / 50 - 5 × 1 | 127 mm / 45 - 5 × 1 | 138 mm / 50 - 5 × 1 | |
| Flak | 28 mm / 75 - 2 × 4, 12.7 mm - 2 × 1 | 40 mm / 40 - 1 × 4, 12.7 mm - 2 × 4 | 28 mm / 75 - 2 × 4, 12.7 mm - 2 × 1 | 25 mm - 2 × 2 | 76 mm - 2 × 1, 45 mm - 2 × 1, 12.7 mm - 4 × 1 | 37 mm - 2 × 2, 20 mm - 6 × 1 | 37 mm - 2 × 2, 13.2 mm - 2 × 2 | |
| Torpedo armament | 2 × 4 - 533 mm | 1 × 4 - 533 mm | 3 × 4 - 533 mm | 2 × 4 - 610 mm | 2 × 4 - 533 mm | 2 × 4 - 533 mm | 3 × 3 - 550 mm | |
| Anti-submarine weapons | 14GB | GL “Asdik”, 20 GB | 14 GB | 16 GB | 30 GB | 18 GB | 16 GB | |
| Power plant | PT 50,000 l. with. | Fri, 44,000 liters. with. | Fri, 52,000 l. with. | PT 50,000 l. with. | PT 66,000 l. with. | Fri, 70,000 l. with. | PT 74,000 l. with. | |
| Maximum speed, knots | 37 | 36 | 37 | 35 | 40 | 38 | 38 | |
| Navigation range, nautical miles | 6500 at 12 knots | 5700 at 15 knots 3200 to 20 | 7500 at 12 knots | 5700 at 15 knots | 2100 at 20 knots | 1900 at 19 knots | 4000 at 15 knots 2500 at 25 knots | |
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ High-pressure boilers are such steam boilers, in the furnaces of which the fuel is burned under pressure well above atmospheric pressure.
- ↑ Compared with the source in the table, the long tonnes of the Italian, Soviet and German ships were transferred to the table.
- References and sources
- Way Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922–1946, London, Conway Maritime Press, 1980, p. 127
- ↑ US Destroyers, 1982 , p. 405.
- А. A.V. Dashyan, S.V. Patyanin, and others. The Second World War fleets. - M .: Collection, Yauza, EKSMO, 2009. - P. 291. - ISBN 978-5-699-33872-6 .
- ↑ Patyanin, S.V. Tribel type destroyers. - Supplement to the magazine "Model-designer". - M. - p. 6. - 32 p. - (“Maritime collection” № 1 (43) / 2002). - 5000 copies
- ↑ Patyanin, 1998 , p. 94.
- ↑ Kachur P. I. “Hounds of Dogs” of the Red Fleet. “Tashkent”, “Baku”, “Leningrad” - M. Yauza, Collection, Eksmo, 2008. —144 p. ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4
- ↑ Patyanin S. V., Morozov M. E. German destroyers of the Second World War. Demons of sea battles.
Links
Literature
- “Sea Collection” No. 3, 2004. A.V. Dashyan “Ships of the Second World War. US Navy "Part 2. Moscow, Model Designer, 2004
- Patyanin SV The squadron destroyers and destroyers of Japan in 1879-1945 .. - SPb. , 1998. - 140 p.
- Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922-1946. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980. - 456 p. - ISBN 0-85177-146-7 .
- Jane's Fighting Ships 1942
- N. Friedman. US Destroyers. - Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1982. - 489 p. - ISBN 0-87021-733-X .