The 3rd Russian army is the “white” army, formally subordinate to P.N. Wrangel . Formed in Poland . In November 1920 , acting together with the Ukrainian troops , it was defeated by the 14th Soviet Army and was interned by the Polish authorities.
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Title
On September 4, 1920, the Russian army of General P.N. Wrangel was divided into the 1st and 2nd armies [1] . The Russian troops in Poland formed by B.V. Savinkov on behalf of the Russian Political Committee after becoming subordinate to Wrangel received the name of the 3rd Army . Since throughout its existence the army was in the territory controlled by Polish and Ukrainian forces, it was most often called the 3rd Russian army .
Formation
The army was based on the formations created by B.V. Savinkov on behalf of the Russian Political Committee after the agreement reached with the head of Poland Yu. Pilsudsky on June 23, 1920 . They were necessary for the Poles to give the Soviet-Polish war, which had taken an unfavorable turn for them at that time, of an anti-Bolshevik character. The first order for the Russian detachment in Poland was issued in Brest on July 1, 1920, by Lieutenant General P.V. Glazenap . The composition of the Russian detachment was initially determined in three infantry and one cavalry regiment, an artillery division plus auxiliary units, with a total number of not more than 5000 people. In August, it was decided to create a separate cavalry division of a three-regiment structure from Cossacks who fled from the Red Army to the Polish side. The formation of the 2nd Infantry Division began. On September 13, the formation numbered 4224 soldiers, officers and military officials [2] .
Composition (October 2, 1920)
Commander - Lieutenant General B. S. Permikin
- 1st Infantry Division (Gen. Major L. A. Boboshko ) - 3414 people:
- 1st Infantry Regiment (regiment. P. L. Rogozhinsky) - 600 people.
- 2nd Rifle Regiment (Colonel A. Yu. Saulevich) - 667 people.
- 3rd Rifle Regiment (Colonel V. A. Zaitsev) - 584 people.
- Horse regiment (regiment. A. L. Shirinkin) - 599 people.
- 1st Artillery Division (Colonel Krasovsky) - 648 people.
- Technical battalion (Lieutenant. Medvedev) - 267 people.
- Officer machine gun school (regiment. B. Iznar) - 49 people.
- 2nd Infantry Division ( Gen. Lieutenant Count A.P. Palen ):
- 5th Rifle Regiment (Regiment. N. Dzhavrov)
- 6th Rifle Regiment (Regiment. N.V. Rossinsky)
- 7th Rifle Regiment (regiment. Baron Ungern)
- 2nd Artillery Division (Colonel G.V. Bushen)
- Separate Cossack Division (Gen. Major V. A. Trusov) - 2091 people:
- 1st Don Cossack Regiment (regiment. Voloshinov) - 637 people.
- Orenburg Cossack Regiment (Podseaul Kh. Bek-Mamdzhiev) - 572 people.
- Ural Cossack Regiment (regiment. P. A. Sidorovnin [3] ) - 643 people.
- 1st horse battery (Yesaul Konkov) - 239 people.
Subsequently, the Cossack brigade of Yesaul Salnikov was included in the army as part of the Cossack regiment and a separate battery [4] .
Fighting
At the beginning of October 1920, the withdrawal of units of the 3rd Russian army to the front began, however, on October 18, 1920, the Polish-Soviet truce entered into force. The fighting was continued by the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic , in the location of which units of the 3rd Russian Army were withdrawn. In November 1920, Ukrainians and Russians jointly tried to launch an offensive in Podolsk province , but were defeated and forced to retreat to Polish territory, where they underwent internment. In 1921, the army was transformed into Detachment No. 2 (Detachment No. 1 — the former Russian Volunteer Army of Balakhovich ), after which its demobilization began [4] .