Lisanu-d-din Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Salmani , known as Ibn al-Khatib ( Arabic ابن اليب ; November 15, 1313 , Loja - 1374 , Fes ) - Arab statesman, scientist - polymate , poet , philosopher , historian of the Granada Emirate .
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Content
Biography
His full name is Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Said ibn Abdullah ibn Said ibn Ali ibn Ahmad al-Salmani . Wore a nickname ( Lakab ) Lisanu-d-din and Zul-vazaritayn . Born in an Arab family from a Yemeni family of the Murad of the Salman tribe. Ancestors of Ibn al-Khatib arrived on the Iberian Peninsula from Syria in the VIII century. First they settled in Cordoba , then they moved successively to Toledo , Lohu and Granada . At first, the family was known as Banu Wazir, but after Said al-Salmani he was called Banu al-Khatib [5] .
Ibn al-Khatib was born in Loha, about 50 km from Granada, on the 25th day of the month Rajab 713 AH (November 15, 1313). He was educated in Granada, where his father settled down to enter the service of Sultan Abu el-Walid Ismail. He had many outstanding teachers who are listed in his biographies. Thanks to his teachers and abilities, he was able to gain deep knowledge, which later allowed him to reach heights in various fields of science and write a large number of essays, which number more than 60.
After the death of his father in the battle of Salado or Tarifa (October 30, 1340), his talent and knowledge enabled him to enter the service of the Sultan Abul-al-Hajjajus Yusuf ibn Ismail as secretary, under the leadership of Vizier Abu-Hasan Ali ibn al-Jayab. After the death of Ali ibn al-Jayab from the plague in mid-January 1349, Ibn al-Khatib was appointed to the post of head of the Emir's office, Katib al-insha , with the title of Vizier. He retained this post during the reign of Muhammad V al-Ghani Billah , who raised his rank, after which he assumed the title Zul-vazaritain [5] .
After the overthrow of Muhammad V from the throne (c. 1358 ) fortune left Ibn al-Khatib for several years [5] . Hadjib Reedwan, the defender of Ibn al-Khatib, who had great influence and authority during the reign of Muhammad V before his overthrow, was killed. Lisan-d-din was put in prison, and only after the intervention of his friend Ibn Marzuk, secretary of the marinid sultan Abu Salim, he was released and he was allowed to go to Morocco, accompanying the exiled emir Muhammad V. into exile, he traveled throughout the marinids, Finally, he settled in Salé, where he purchased estates and wrote some of his writings. When Muhammad V was restored to the throne in the spring of 1362 Ibn al-Khatib returned to Granada, where he was reinstated as a vizier and became the chief dignitary of the emir's court.
But a few years later, becoming a victim of palace intrigues and fearing trouble, he took the opportunity to make an inspection trip of the fortresses in the western part of the Granada Emirate to sail to Ceuta , and from there go to Tlemcen ( 1371 ), where he was well received by the Sultan Abu Faris Abdul-Aziz. During the short reign of his minor son and successor Abu Zayan Muhammad al-Said, he was safe from Muhammad V, who demanded that Ibn al-Khatib be sent to Granada to participate in court. By slandering influential rivals in Granada, especially the cadi an-Nubahi and the vizier Ibn Zamrak, Lisan-d-din was unjustly accused of various crimes, including heresy ( zindik ).
After the overthrow of Muhammad ibn Abdu al-Aziz, Abul al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abu Salim was proclaimed his successor. Within a short period of time, Ibn al-Khatib’s ordeal fell to trials. One of the enemies, Suleiman ibn Daud, who held important posts at the court of the marinides, ensured that Lisan-d-din was thrown into prison. Influenced by Ibn Zamrak, who replaced him as chief vizier of Granada and became the chief prosecutor, Ibn al-Khatib was convicted. At the instigation of Suleiman ibn Daud, in May – June 1375, Lisan-d-din ibn al-Khatib was strangled in prison [6] .
Works
Lisanu-d-din ibn al-Khatib is the author of about 60 works on geography, history, medicine, literature and philosophy.
The main historical essay - Al-Ihata fi tarih Garnat (The Narrative of the History of Granada; abbreviated edition in 2 volumes: Cairo , 1319 X. - 1901 ) contains biographies of persons whose work is connected with Granada and together with “Tarikh Isbaniya al-Islamia” (“History of Muslim Spain”; Beirut , 1956 ) is an important source on the history of Muslim Spain .
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119244632 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- B BNF ID : Open Data Platform - 2011.
- ↑ Diccionario biográfico español - Royal Academy of History .
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Islam, Encyclopédie de l'Islam - 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Bosch-Vilá, J., 1986 , p. 835.
- ↑ Bosch-Vilá, J., 1986 , p. 836.
Literature
- Ibn al-K̲h̲aṭīb / Bosch-Vilá, J. // Encyclopaedia of Islam . 2 ed . - Leiden: EJ Brill , 1986. - Vol. 3. - P. 835-836. (free)
Links
- IBN AL-HATYB. THE ACTS OF THE GREAT MEN | vostlit.info