August 20

See also: Category: Holidays August 20

National

• Hungary - St. Stephen's Day , the founder of the Hungarian state.
• Morocco - Revolution Day .
• Senegal - Independence Day .
• Estonia - Independence Day .

Religious

Orthodoxy ^{[2] [3]}

• the celebration of the Transfiguration of the Lord ;
• the memory of the martyr Dométius Persianin, the deacon, and his two disciples (363);
• the acquisition of the relics of St. Mitrofan, in the schema of Macarius , Bishop of Voronezh (1832);
• the memory of St. Anthony of Optina (1865);
• the memory of St. Pimen the Much-Sick, Pechersk, in the Near Caves (1110);
• the memory of St. Pimen, the hegumen, a post-officer of Pechersk, in the Far Caves (XIII-XIV centuries);
• the memory of the venerable Mercury of Pechersk, Bishop of Smolensk, in the Near Caves (1239);
• memory of martyrs Marina and Asteria (260);
• the memory of Rev. Ora Thebaid (c. 390);
• the memory of the martyr Potamiya the wonderworker;
• the memory of St. Theodosius the New (IX — X centuries);
• the memory of Saint Hierotheos of Hungary, bishop (10th century);
• the memory of St. Stephen I , King of Hungary (1038);
• the memory of the martyrs Alexander Khotovitsky , Peter Tokarev, Mikhail Plyshevsky, John Voronits, Dimitri Milovidov and Alexiy Vorobyov , presbyters, Elisha Stolder, deacon, and the martyr Afanasy (Egorov) , hegumen (1937);
• memory of martyr Vasily Amenitsky, presbyter (1938);
• the memory of St. Theodore Sihlovskaya (XVIII century) ^[4] .

Name Day

Orthodox

Date given by new style ^[5] :

Men's

• Alexander - the Holy Martyr Alexander (Khotovitsky) ;
• Alexy - the Holy Martyr Alexy (Vorobyov) ;
• Anthony - Rev. Anthony of Optina ;
• Asteria :
  • the martyr Asterius Synclitic , of Caesarea (Palestinian);
  • martyr Aster the Wonderworker;
• Athanasius - Holy Martyr Athanasius (Egorov) ;
• Basil - the Holy Martyr Basil (Amenitsky) ;
• Dimitri , the martyr Dimitri (Milovidov) ;
• DOMETHY :
  • Rev. Dometius of Athos ;
  • Martyr Dometius the Persian , a Syrian;
• Elisha - the holy martyr Elisha (Shtopder) ;
• John - martyr John (Voronets) ;
• Hyperichia — Rev. Hyperichus;
• Marin - martyr Marin of Caesarea (Palestine);
• Mercury - the Holy Martyr Mercury Smolensky , Pechersky;
• Mitrofan - St. Mitrofan , Bishop of Voronezh (finding relics);
• Michael - Holy Martyr Michael (Plyshevsky) ;
• Mokii - the martyr Mokii;
• Narcissus - Narcissus, Bishop of Jerusalem;
• Nikanor - Rev. Nikanor the Wonderworker;
• Or - Or Thebaid , hermit;
• Peter - the Holy Martyr Peter (Tokarev) ;
• Pimen
  • the Monk Pimen, the post-officer of Pechersk ;
  • Rev. Pimen the Much-Sick ;
• Sozont - Sozont Nicomedia;
• Theodosius - Rev. Theodosius the New;

Women's

• Potamia - martyr Potamia .

See also: Category: August 20 Events

Until the XVIII century

• 636 - Khalid ibn al-Walid at the head of the Muslim army defeated the Byzantines in the Battle of Yarmouk , resulting in the loss of Jerusalem and all Palestine by the Byzantine Empire .
• 917 - The Bulgarian army under the command of Simeon I defeated the Byzantines in the Battle of Aheloy .
• 1206 - Henry I of Flanders crowned as emperor of the Latin Empire .
• 1619 - The Dutch ship delivered to America the first 20 African blacks who were sold into slavery to the inhabitants of Jamestown .
• 1634 - the first ABC book was published in Moscow by Vasily Burtsov .
• 1648 - During the Thirty Years' War between the French and Spanish armies, the Battle of Lens took place.
• 1667 - John Milton 's epic poem Lost Paradise is published.
• 1672 - “ Year of Disasters ” in the Netherlands : street riots in The Hague , during which the great pensioner Jan de Witt died.

XVIII century

• 1704 - The Swedish fortress Narva was taken by storm .
• 1710 - during the War of the Spanish Succession, the Austrian commander Guido von Shtaremberg defeated the army of Felipe V under the command of the Marquis de Baé in the Battle of Zaragoza .
• 1721 - Fountains and cascades of Peterhof are launched.
• 1741 - Discovery by the first Russian navigator, captain-commander Vitus Bering of Alaska .
• 1794 :
  • The " battle of fallen trees " between American settlers and the union of Indian tribes.
  • The Kosciuszko Uprising : the Great Poland Uprising began (1794) .

XIX century

• 1806 - Following the Neva from the first Russian round-the-world voyage, the sloop Nadezhda, commanded by I. F. Krusenstern, returned home.
• 1809 :
  • Pope Pius VII, who was arrested by the French, was escorted from Savona to Grenoble .
  • In the course of the Russian-Swedish war , the battle of Ratan took place .
• 1829 - Russian-Turkish war : Russian troops crossed the Balkans and occupied Adrianople .
• 1847 - During the Mexican-American War , the Battle of Churubusco and the Battle of Padiern took place, both ending with the victory of the North Americans.
• 1852 - after colliding with another vessel, the ship Atlantic (USA) sank in Lake Erie . In a shipwreck more than 250 dead.
• 1855 - The first issue of Herzen 's Polar Star was published .
• 1857 - scandal around the publication of “The Flowers of Evil” : Baudelaire was fined for “insulting public morality ”.
• 1868 - The end of the War of the North and the South is officially proclaimed in the USA .
• 1876 - Massacre of Armenians in Turkey .
• 1882 - for the first time, the overture of P. I. Tchaikovsky “ 1812 ” was performed in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior .
• 1884 - Journal " Notes of the Fatherland " is closed.
• 1896 - Patented telephone with dial.
• 1897 - Ronald Ross discovers malaria pathogens.

XX century

• 1906 - The creation of the Black-Hundred Union of the Russian people is officially registered in St. Petersburg .
• 1912 - Thomas Edison patents a phonograph and electric battery.
• 1913 - The First All-Russian Sports Olympiad opened in Kiev .
• 1914 - Russian troops defeated the Germans near Gumbinnen .
• 1916 - Austrian decryptors cracked a new cipher of the Italian army for 38 hours.
• 1918 :
  • The countries of the Entente are Latvia , Lithuania and Estonia .
  • In Soviet Russia , private ownership of real estate in cities has been abolished.
  • The publishing house "World Literature" .
• 1922 - Broadcasting of radio broadcasts started from Moscow .
• 1925 :
  • On the initiative of the Association of Revolutionary Cinematography and the Main Political Litigation of the USSR People's Commissariat of Education, the Society of Friends of Soviet Cinematography was established
  • Mount Taras Shevchenko in Kanev proclaimed state reserve .
  • The first line of the Rome metro is open.
• 1930 - Higher aeromechanical school, created on the basis of the aeromechanical faculty of Moscow State Technical University , transformed into the Moscow Aviation Institute .
• 1934 - Announcement of the exchange of party tickets . The exchange of tickets took place under the slogan of restoring order in the structure of the party apparatus.
• 1939 - The operation of the Soviet-Mongolian troops to defeat the Japanese troops in the area of ​​the Khalkhin-Gol river.
• 1940 :
  • Leon Trotsky is mortally wounded in Mexico City . Died the next day.
  • The arrest of the breeder N. I. Vavilov .
• 1941 :
  • The Second World War: Hitler ordered the beginning of the development of missiles "Fau" .
  • The retreating Soviet army exploded Dneproges .
  • The commander of the KV-1 tank Zinovy ​​Grigorievich Kolobanov destroyed a German tank convoy of 22 tanks in battle near Troopskovitsa and went down in history as one of the most successful Soviet tank aces of World War II .
• 1943 - The Glubokoe ghetto was destroyed by the Nazis.
• 1945 - For the "management of all work on the use of uranium atomic energy", a special committee under the State Committee of Defense of the USSR was created.
• 1945 - The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ratified the UN Charter.
• 1951 - DOSAAF (Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Aviation and the Fleet) was created in the USSR .
• 1953 - The Soviet Union announced the successful testing of a hydrogen bomb .
• 1956 - The Calder Hall nuclear power plant, the first nuclear power plant in Britain, became operational.
• 1960 :
  • The first living creatures launched into space, the dogs Belka and Strelka, returned to Earth for the first time.
  • Senegal announced its withdrawal from a federal state with Mali .
• 1964 - Intelsat is founded - a company that owns a group of telecommunication satellites .
• 1967 - British Checkmate Records became the first company to use Dolby's noise reduction system for magnetic recording.
• 1968 - Operation Danube begins: troops of the Warsaw Pact countries entered Czechoslovakia .
• 1969 - The Beatles last met at the recording studio as a whole, completing the work on the album Abbey Road . The last song they worked on together was " I Want You (She's So Heavy) ". One of the assistants during the recording and editing of the album was sound engineer Alan Parsons , who later created a popular band.
• 1975 - Viking Program : NASA launched Viking-1 to Mars .
• 1977 - Voyager Program : The USA launched the Voyager 2 spacecraft to study the distant planets of the solar system.
• 1980 :
  • Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner for the first time conquered Everest alone without the use of an oxygen breathing mask.
  • The Ministry of Communications of Ukraine issued an order to silence the radio stations Voice of America , BBC and Deutsche Welle .
• 1983 - The United States imposed an embargo on the supply of equipment for the construction of pipelines in the USSR.
• 1988 - The Iran-Iraq war ended (1980-1988).
• 1991 :
  • The event did not take place: in Moscow, five Soviet republics - Russia, Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan , Belarus and Tajikistan - were to sign a new Union treaty.
  • The second day of the coup . In Leningrad, on Palace Square and in the White House , grand protest meetings were held against the State Emergency Committee in Moscow.
  • Estonia proclaimed (restored) its independence from the USSR.
• 1998 :
  • In response to attacks against US embassies in Africa, the US Navy is attacking cruise missiles with suspected terrorist infrastructure in Sudan and Afghanistan .
  • The Supreme Court of Canada decided that Quebec could not unilaterally decide on separation from Canada.

XXI century

• 2002 - General Motors Corporation announced the recall of seven hundred thousand cars. In pickups and minibuses " Chevrolet " and " GMC ", produced in 2000 , revealed problems in the airbags.
• 2008 - Passenger aircraft McDonnell Douglas MD-82 crashed in Madrid . Of the 170 people aboard, 154 people died.
• 2010 - there was a large-scale accident in the power system of the city ​​of St. Petersburg .

See also: Category: Born August 20

Until the XIX century

• 1561 - Jacopo Peri (died 1633 ), Italian composer.
• 1710 - Thomas Simpson (died 1761 ), English mathematician.
• 1778 - Bernardo O'Higgins (d. 1842 ), head of the liberation movement in Chile .
• 1779 - Joens Berzelius (died 1848 ), a Swedish chemist and mineralogist.

XIX century

• 1813 - Vladimir Sollogub (died 1882 ), Russian writer, count.
• 1827
  • Joseph Strauss (died 1870 ), Austrian composer and conductor.
  • Charles Theodore Henri de Coster (d. 1879 ), Belgian writer.
• 1833 - Benjamin Harrison (died 1901 ), the 23rd President of the United States.
• 1847 - Boleslaw Prus (died 1912 ), Polish writer.
• 1860 - Raymond Poincaré (d. 1934 ), French politician.
• 1886 - Paul Tillich (died 1965 ), German-American Protestant theologian and philosopher.
• 1890 - Howard Phillips Lovecraft (d. 1937 ), American writer.
• 1893 - Vytautas Beachiunas (died 1945 ), Lithuanian critic, playwright, director, prose writer, artist.
• 1895 - Mikhail Zyuk (d. 1937 ), Soviet military leader, revolutionary, brigade commander.
• 1897 - Tarja Vesos (d. 1970 ), Norwegian writer.
• 1898
  • Lev Manevich (died 1945 ), Soviet military intelligence officer, Hero of the Soviet Union.
  • Wilhelm Mberg (died 1973 ), Swedish writer.

XX century

• 1901 - Salvatore Quasimodo (d. 1968 ), Italian poet, Nobel laureate (1959).
• 1905 - Mikio Naruse (died 1969 ), Japanese film director.
• 1909 - Olga Rubtsova (died 1994 ), world chess champion.
• 1913 - Roger Sperry (d. 1994 ), American Neuroscientist, Nobel Prize winner (1981).
• 1921 - Jacqueline Suzanne (d. 1974 ), American writer, author of "female" bestsellers.
• 1922 - Vladimir Burakovsky (died 1994 ), cardiac surgeon, Hero of Socialist Labor.
• 1923 - William Pokhlebkin (d. 2000 ), Soviet and Russian historian, writer.
• 1932 - Vasily Aksyonov (d. 2009 ), Russian writer (“ The Island of Crimea ”).
• 1937 - Yevgeny Dubrovin (d. 1986 ), satirist, editor-in-chief of the Crocodile magazine .
• 1937 - Andron Konchalovsky , film director and screenwriter.
• 1939 - Valery Shevchuk , Ukrainian writer.
• 1941 - Slobodan Milosevic (died 2006 ), former president of Yugoslavia .
• 1944 - Rajiv Gandhi (d. 1991 ), Indian politician, Prime Minister of India 1984-1989.
• 1947 - Boris Tokarev , theater and film actor, film director, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
• 1948 - Robert Plant , English rock musician, vocalist, member of the “ Led Zeppelin ”.
• 1948 - John Noble , Australian actor.
• 1949 - Phil Lynott (d. 1986 ), Irish rock musician (" Thin Lizzy ").
• 1953 - Vladimir Vishnevsky , poet, single author.
• 1958 - Dmitry Polonsky , Soviet and Russian film and dubbing actor.
• 1970 - Fred Durst , leader and vocalist of the American group " Limp Bizkit ".
• 1974 - Amy Adams , American actress.
• 1974 - Misha Collins , American actor and producer.
• 1981 - Ben Barnes , British actor and singer.
• 1983
  • Yuri Zhirkov , Russian football player, Honored Master of Sports of Russia.
  • Andrew Garfield , British and American actor.
• 1992 - Demi Lovato , American actress and singer.

See also: Category: Dead August 20

Until the XIX century

• 1484 - Hippolyta Maria Sforza (born 1446 ), Duchess of Calabria, the first wife of Alfons Calabria , the future King of Naples Alfons II.
• 1572 - Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (b. 1502 ), Basque (Spanish) navigator.
• 1785 - Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (born 1714 ), French sculptor.

XIX century

• 1823 - Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus (b. 1772 ), German publisher, founder of the famous encyclopedic publishing house.
• 1823 — Пий VII (в миру Грегорио Луиджи Барнаба Кьярамонти , р. 1742 ), 251-й папа римский (1800—1803).
• 1843 — Григорий Квитка-Основьяненко (р. 1778 ), украинский писатель.
• 1849 — Павел Чичагов (р. 1767 ), русский адмирал, морской министр Российской империи, сын В. Я. Чичагова .
• 1854 — Фридрих Шеллинг (р. 1775 ), немецкий философ.
• 1865 — Андрей Штакеншнейдер (р. 1802 ), русский архитектор.
• 1882 — граф Фёдор Петрович Литке (р. 1797 ), российский мореплаватель, исследователь Арктики , президент Российской академии наук (1864—1882), основатель Русского географического общества.
• 1887 — Жюль Лафорг (р. 1860 ), французский поэт- символист .

XX century

• 1912 — Уильям Бут (р. 1829 ), британский проповедник, создатель Армии спасения и первый её генерал.
• 1913 — Эмиль Оливье (р. 1825 ), французский политик, государственный деятель, оратор, публицист.
• 1915 — Пауль Эрлих (р. 1854 ), немецкий фармаколог и иммунолог.
• 1917 — Адольф фон Байер (р. 1835 ), немецкий химик-органик, лауреат Нобелевской премии (1905).
• 1923 — Вильфредо Парето (р. 1848 ), итальянский экономист, создатель математической школы политэкономии.
• 1939 — Пётр Красиков (р. 1870 ), российский революционер, первый прокурор Верховного Суда СССР (1924—1933).
• 1959 — Альфред Кубин (р. 1877 ), австрийский писатель, художник-экспрессионист.
• 1961 — Перси Бриджмэн (р. 1882 ), американский физик, математик, лауреат Нобелевской премии (1946).
• 1968 - George Gamow (b. 1904 ), American theoretical physicist, astrophysicist.
• 1974 - Alisa Koonen (b. 1889 ), actress of the Chamber Theater, wife of Alexander Tairova .
• 1980
  • Joe Dassin (born 1938 ), French singer and composer.
  • Yuri Lavrov (b. 1905 ), actor of theater and cinema, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1981
  • Sándor Rado (b. 1899 ), Hungarian cartographer and geographer, Soviet intelligence officer.
  • Vladimir Fetin (b. 1925 ), Soviet film director.
• 1984 - Alexander Ivanov (b. 1898 ), film director, screenwriter, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1989 - Konstantin Zhiboedov (b. 1899 ), Soviet footballer.
• 1990 - Alexander Varlamov (b. 1904 ), jazz composer, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
• 1994 - Robert Rozhdestvensky (b. 1932 ), poet, laureate of the USSR State Prize.
• 1998 - Andrey Panov (b. 1960 ), Soviet and Russian punk rock musician.

XXI century

• 2001 - Fred Hoyle (born 1915 ), English astrophysicist, cosmologist , science fiction writer.
• 2009 - Semen Farad (born in 1933 ), theater and film actor, People's Artist of Russia.
• 2013 - Elmore Leonard (b. 1925 ), American writer and screenwriter.
• 2015 - Lev Durov (b. 1931 ), theater and film actor, theater director, People's Artist of the USSR.

Marina Day , Pimena Marina, Day of the sick and orphans.

• On the day of Marina - all the raspberries are gone.
• Pimeny-Marina - do not look for raspberries in the forest, girls will pass through the forest, they will clean them completely.
• If storks are preparing to fly to warm countries, autumn will be cold ^[6] .
• And they sow, and they reap, and about autumn.