Satanic verses

Satanic verses - according to the historian William Muir (1858) ^[1] and other Western historians ^[2] lines from the Koran , deleted in the final version. The meaning of the lines is that Muhammad allegedly calls the pagan goddesses al-Lat , al-Uzzu and Manat under the name of “the revered angels” in Sura 53 between verses 19 and 20. According to the legends, Muhammad called them shortly after returning from Ethiopia to Mecca , so that to find peace with his fellow tribesmen, but subsequently renounced his words and called them inspired Satan .

Content

Reasons

A number of historians cite this story in their writings, for example, at-Tabari in the second part of “Tarih al-Rusul wa-l-muliuk” (“Stories of the prophets and kings”), as well as ibn Ishaq in his “Biography of the Prophet Muhammad”, and after him ibn Hisham in his processing of the Biography. It should be noted that these historians described various traditions that they had heard. However, they did not always conduct research on how reliable the events they described were. These studies were conducted by Muslim Muhaddis later. It should be noted that these authors did not insist on the truth of all these traditions, but simply described them in the way they had heard it ^[3] .

Disclaimers

At the same time, Muslim theologians, based on existing facts, consider this story to be falsified ^[4] . According to Muslim theologians, this story is invented by the enemies of Islam. It was refuted by mufassirs (commentators of the Qur'an), muhaddis ( hadith experts) and Islamic historians. To refute this story, separate works were compiled, for example, the book of Muhammad Al-Albani, entitled "Nasb al-majānīq li-nasf al-gharānīq" ^[5] . This book, along with others, provides detailed answers to questions related to the Isnad , on which this story is transmitted.

Prominent experts on hadiths - al-Baykhaki , al-Bukhari , al-Navawi , Muslim and many others, spoke of history as an obvious falsification. In particular, al-Navawi said: "There is nothing believable in this story either from the point of view of the narrative, nor from the point of view of logic." When Ibn Ishaq was asked about this story, he answered without a doubt: "This story is falsified by the atheists." Fahr ad-Din Razi also argued that this story was groundless.

Al-Baykhaki said: “This story is unreliable in terms of transmission” (that is, its history is unreliable). Ibn Husayma said: "This story was invented by the Zindiki (the enemies of Islam, who are fighting Islam, pretending to be Muslims)."

As the main argument indicating the falsity of history, Muslim commentators cited the meaning of the Quranic surah “Najm” (53). The entire content of this sura is devoted to the unity of Allah and the criticism of polytheism. This is clearly seen in the example of verses 18-23, which we are talking about.

According to A. A. Ali-zade and V. S. Polosin , historians simply described rumors that circulated among other popular rumors. They do not represent any value as a fact of history. Textual analysis shows the absolute impossibility of inserting the indicated “satanic, polytheist” verses into the Sura An-Najm ^[6] .

Links

Notes

↑
- John L. Esposito . The Oxford dictionary of Islam . - Oxford University Press , 2003 .-- P. 563. - ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0 .
- William Muir , The Life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder 1878. - P. 88 .
↑
- Michael Cook, Muhammad. // Founders of Faith, Oxford University Press , 1986. - P. 309 .
- Etan Kohlberg, A Medieval Muslim Scholar at Work: Ibn Tawus and His Library. - Brill, 1992 .-- P. 20 .
- FE Peters, The Hajj, Princeton University Press , 1994, page 37. See also The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Princeton University Press , 2003. - P. 94 .
- John D. Erickson, Islam and Postcolonial Narrative. Cambridge University Press , 1990 .-- P. 140 .
- Thomas Patrick Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam, Asian Educational Services . - P. 191 .
- Maxime Rodinson , Prophet of Islam, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2002 .-- P. 113 .
- Montgomery Watt , Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxford University Press 1961. - P. 60 .
- Daniel J. Sahas, Iconoclasm. // Encyclopedia of the Qur'an , Brill Online.
↑ Berki A., Keskioglu O. Hazreti Muhamed ve hayati. - Ankara, 1993 .-- S. 139-154 .
↑ Berki A., Keskioglu O. Hazreti Muhamed ve hayati. - Ankara, 1993.
↑ Ahmed, Shahab “Satanic Verses” // Dammen McAuliffe, Jane Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān , Georgetown University , Washington DC: Brill, 2008
↑ 6. Does the Qur'an encourage worship of pagan goddesses? The history of “satanic” verses about “venerable angels” // Ali-zade A. A. and Polosin V. S. Islam is not like that! Which one then? 40 responses to critics of the Qur'an and Sunnah. - M .: Ansar, 2008 .-- 288 p.

[Esposito2003-1] 
John L. Esposito . The Oxford dictionary of Islam . - Oxford University Press , 2003 .-- P. 563. - ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0 .
William Muir , The Life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder 1878. - P. 88 .

[2] John L. Esposito . The Oxford dictionary of Islam . - Oxford University Press , 2003 .-- P. 563. - ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0 .

[3] William Muir , The Life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder 1878. - P. 88 .

[2] 
Michael Cook, Muhammad. // Founders of Faith, Oxford University Press , 1986. - P. 309 .
Etan Kohlberg, A Medieval Muslim Scholar at Work: Ibn Tawus and His Library. - Brill, 1992 .-- P. 20 .
FE Peters, The Hajj, Princeton University Press , 1994, page 37. See also The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Princeton University Press , 2003. - P. 94 .
John D. Erickson, Islam and Postcolonial Narrative. Cambridge University Press , 1990 .-- P. 140 .
Thomas Patrick Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam, Asian Educational Services . - P. 191 .
Maxime Rodinson , Prophet of Islam, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2002 .-- P. 113 .
Montgomery Watt , Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxford University Press 1961. - P. 60 .
Daniel J. Sahas, Iconoclasm. // Encyclopedia of the Qur'an , Brill Online.

[5] Michael Cook, Muhammad. // Founders of Faith, Oxford University Press , 1986. - P. 309 .

[6] Etan Kohlberg, A Medieval Muslim Scholar at Work: Ibn Tawus and His Library. - Brill, 1992 .-- P. 20 .

[7] FE Peters, The Hajj, Princeton University Press , 1994, page 37. See also The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Princeton University Press , 2003. - P. 94 .

[8] John D. Erickson, Islam and Postcolonial Narrative. Cambridge University Press , 1990 .-- P. 140 .

[9] Thomas Patrick Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam, Asian Educational Services . - P. 191 .

[10] Maxime Rodinson , Prophet of Islam, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2002 .-- P. 113 .

[11] Montgomery Watt , Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxford University Press 1961. - P. 60 .

[12] Daniel J. Sahas, Iconoclasm. // Encyclopedia of the Qur'an , Brill Online.

[3] Berki A., Keskioglu O. Hazreti Muhamed ve hayati. - Ankara, 1993 .-- S. 139-154 .

[4] Berki A., Keskioglu O. Hazreti Muhamed ve hayati. - Ankara, 1993.

[5] Ahmed, Shahab “Satanic Verses” // Dammen McAuliffe, Jane Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān , Georgetown University , Washington DC: Brill, 2008

[6] 6. Does the Qur'an encourage worship of pagan goddesses? The history of “satanic” verses about “venerable angels” // Ali-zade A. A. and Polosin V. S. Islam is not like that! Which one then? 40 responses to critics of the Qur'an and Sunnah. - M .: Ansar, 2008 .-- 288 p.