Ivan Semenovich Efimov ( February 11 [23], 1878 [1] , Moscow , Russian Empire - January 7, 1959 , ibid., USSR ) - Russian artist - animal painter , sculptor, graphic artist and illustrator, painter, theater figure, puppet theater reformer, professor . Honored Artist of the RSFSR . People's Artist of the RSFSR [2] .
Ivan Semenovich Efimov | |||
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Birth name | |||
Date of Birth | February 11 (23), 1878 | ||
Place of Birth | |||
Date of death | January 7, 1959 (aged 80) | ||
Place of death | |||
Citizenship | Russian empire the USSR | ||
Genre | sculptor , graphic artist, illustrator, painter, theater figure, puppet theater reformer | ||
Study | |||
Awards | Silver medal of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire ( 1909 ), Gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris ( 1937 ), Silver medal at the World Exhibition in Brussels ( 1958 ) | ||
Ranks |
Content
Biography
Ivan Semenovich Efimov was born on February 11 (23) in Russia in Moscow, his second child in the family of a landowner in the Tambov province. He spent his childhood and youth at the Otradnoye estate in Tyushevka, not far from Lipetsk. From 1896 to 1898 he studied at the private art school of N. A. Martynov . From 1898 to 1900, he studied at the natural branch of Moscow University and at the same time in the private art studio of E. N. Zvantseva with K. A. Korovin , V. A. Serov , A. S. Golubkina . From 1905 to 1908 he worked in the pottery workshop "Abramtsevo" S. I. Mamontov [2] .
Participant of exhibitions since 1906. Since 1907, he has been a member of the Montparnasse circle of Russian artists in Paris and a member of MTX . From 1908 to 1911 he made a number of trips to European countries (Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Great Britain) with educational goals. At the same time he studied at the Academy of Colarossi in Paris . Engaged in etching with E. S. Kruglikova . He worked from nature at the Paris Zoo [2] .
In 1909, he was awarded a silver medal [2] for the creation of toys by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire . In 1913 he graduated from the Moscow School of Applied Arts , studying with V. A. Serov and S. M. Volnukhin . In 1913 he was awarded the title of artist and sculptor.
From 1916 to 1918 he was a member of the First World War (1914-1918), fought near Lutsk and in the Carpathians on the Romanian front. In 1918 he participated in the organization of the N. I. Sats Children's Musical Theater . Together with the artist N. Ya. Simonovich-Efimova organized a puppet theater in Moscow, which lasted until 1943 [2] .
From 1918 to 1930 - he taught at the State Agricultural Art School - VKHUTEMAS - VKHUTEIN . Professor. From 1926 to 1927 - Deputy Chairman of the LFS . He is a member of the Brigade of Sculptors (Brigade of Eight) and the Four Arts . From 1930 to 1933 he made an ethnographic expedition of the Moscow Central Museum of Ethnology to Bashkiria and Udmurtia . He worked as a graphic designer in the same museum [2] .
In 1937, he received a gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris for the sculptures Bull and Fisherman with Fish. In the same year he performed the Dolphins fountain at the Khimki river station in Moscow . In 1942 and 1943 he created bas-reliefs for the Paveletskaya and Avtozavodskaya stations of the Moscow Metro . In 1946, 1948 and 1952, together with his student, the sculptor Georgy Popandopulo, executed reliefs of the Yaroslavl and Leningrad stations, as well as through reliefs in the winter garden of the Grand Kremlin Palace . Together with G.N. Popandopulo , who actively helped make reliefs and park sculptures, Efimov worked from 1946 until the end of his days [2] [3] .
In 1955, he was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR . In 1958, he became an Honorary Member of the International Union of Puppeteers , received a silver medal at the World Exhibition in Brussels (for the work “Doe and Cub”) and the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR [2] .
He lived in Moscow on Novogireevskaya street , 7. He died on January 7, 1959. He was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow , next to his wife [4] .
Family
He was married to the artist Nina Yakovlevna Simonovich-Efimova (1877-1948), the daughter of pioneers of public preschool education in Russia Adelaide Simonovich and Yakov Mironovich Simonovich , cousin of the artist Valentin Serov and aunt of the Nobel Prize laureate , molecular biologist Andre Lvov [4] .
Creativity
Animalism
I.S. Efimov painted and sculpted animals all his life, forged them from copper, cast from bronze, and cut from wood. Sculpture, painting, graphics and arts and crafts on animal themes were his main craft. The works of I. S. Efimov adorn the Moscow metro station, Yaroslavsky and Khimki stations, children's rooms of the Leningrad station, the winter garden of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the sanatorium in Morozovka near Moscow, the sanatorium in Tskhaltubo in Georgia, the interiors of the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg. I. S. Efimov illustrated more than 20 books for children and adults. Efimov often liked to contemplate the surrounding reality and receive inspiration, sitting for a long time on the roof at the Red Gate. The Russian writer Boris Shergin , whose works Efimov greatly appreciated, called the sculptor's work “the joyful wisdom of a child”. Works by I. S. Efimov are available at the State Tretyakov Gallery , Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin , the Russian Museum , the National Historical Museum of the Republic of Belarus and other museums [5] [2] .
Ivan Semenovich Efimov is the inventor of the technique of through volumetric relief in sculpture [2] .
Erotic
During the life of the sculptor and for a long time after his death, the world community did not know anything about his erotic works. Efimov tried to publish them twice (in the Russian Empire and in the USSR), but both times unsuccessfully. The general public became aware of them only after the collapse of the USSR. The number of erotic drawings by Ivan Efimov is about one thousand sheets and consists of different thematic series. The Orthodox priest and philosopher Pavel Florensky , a friend of the Efimov family, was one of the few who saw the sculptor's erotic work during his lifetime. After reviewing the drawings of Efimov, Florensky said the words: " Morality would have risen if your drawings were made public " [6] [7] .
In 1996, an album with erotic works by Ivan Efimov was published in Moscow [8] .
Exhibitions
Ivan Efimov’s exhibitions were held in New York , Paris , London , Venice , Moscow , Leningrad , Tashkent , Kiev , Bulgaria , Hungary , India and other cities and countries [2] .
Awards and titles
- Silver medal of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire ( 1909 )
- Title of the artist-sculptor ( 1913 )
- Professor of VKhUTEIN and VKHUTEMAS ( 1918 - 1930 )
- Gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris ( 1937 )
- Honored Artist of the RSFSR ( 1955 )
- Honorary Member of the International Union of Puppeteers ( 1958 )
- Silver medal at the World Exhibition in Brussels ( 1958 )
- People's Artist of the RSFSR ( 1958 )
See also
- Tsaplin, Dmitry Filippovich
- Vatagin, Vasily Alekseevich
- Sotnikov, Alexey Georgievich
Notes
- ↑ EFIMOV Ivan Semenovich // Big Russian Encyclopedia, e- mail . version
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 State Tretyakov Gallery. Meeting directory. Sculpture of the XVIII-XX centuries: in three volumes. - Moscow: Red Square, 1998. - ISBN 5-900743-46-2
- ↑ V.A. Tikhanov . Essays on Soviet animalists. - M .: Soviet artist, 1990. - 240 p. - ISBN 5-269-00029-6
- ↑ 1 2 Monuments of architecture // Moscow Heritage. - 2013. - No. 26.
- ↑ KhiP magazine No. 10, 2012
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Around the World. Efimov Ivan Semenovich
- ↑ Rarus's Gallery
- ↑ Russian State Library. Ivan Efimov. Erotic drawings
Literature
- EFIMOV, IVAN SEMENOVICH. EXHIBITION OF WORKS. MOSCOW. 1969: HAP. X PCCPCP CULPTOP AND BAH CEMEHOBICH EFIMOB. 187 8-1959. CATALOG . Publisher: Sov. painter. Year of publication: 1969. Paul. index: 5-0906259-A.