Heinosuke Goshyo ( yap. 五 所 平 之 助 Heinosuke Gosho:) ( February 1, 1902 , Tokyo , Japan - May 1, 1981 , Mishima , Shizuoka Prefecture , Japan ) - Japanese film director . He was one of the most venerable creators of Japanese cinema in the course of several decades of the 20th century , along with Yasujiro Odzu is considered one of the pioneers and the most prominent representative of the genre "Semin-gaki" (the genre of Japanese cinema, which realistically shows the life of the lower and middle strata of society) . Throughout his career, Gose in his works expressed faith in humanistic values.
Heinoske gosho | |
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所 平 之 助 | |
Birth name | Hayemon Gosho |
Date of Birth | |
Place of Birth | |
Date of death | |
Place of death | |
Citizenship | |
Profession | film director |
Career | 1925-1968 |
Direction | Semin Geki |
Awards | |
IMDb | ID 0331482 |
Biography
Early years
Hayemon (this is the real name of the future filmmaker) was illegitimate [2] . His mother was a geisha , whose father will take Hayemon after his only legitimate heir dies [2] . The father, a tobacco merchant, who also had a grocery store, from the moment Hayemon appears in his house (at the age of five) will prepare the child for him to inherit the family business. He will be forbidden to contact his mother even by phone, and he will lose sight of her, while she and his brothers and sisters will have a very hard time [3] . After graduating from high school, the father will give Hayemon to Keio's School of Commerce [2] , where the smart boy will diligently study accounting, but will also show interest in learning English, for which he will attend separately in classes in a special English school [2] .
Young Hayemon's father and grandfather, among other things, instilled a love for art: the boy often had to be present when his grandfather visited artists. Even in his youth, Hayemon began writing poems haiku [2] and became addicted to going to the cinema, and even occasionally starred in the crowd at Dyaytsu studio [2] . Therefore, after finishing his studies (in 1921 ) and the departure of the year of compulsory military service, he, contrary to the will of his ancestors, decides to devote himself not to the family business, but to the cinema. He is already independent in everything, including the fact that he will change his name to Heinosca, since his name Hayemon seemed somewhat old-fashioned [2] .
On the advice of Shiro Kido, with whom he met in the tea house "Hirata" [2] , from 1923 , Heinoske Gosho began working in the film company " Shotiku " as an assistant director at the venerable Yasujiro Shimazzu . For this, he was deprived of his inheritance rights by an angry father, since cinema at that time was not considered a serious occupation. Shiro Kido, who ran the studio in Kamata at the time (owned by the film company “Sjetky”), saw the talent in the guy, because he was famous for his ingenious intuition, and among others he discovered and fostered such talents as Yasujiro Odzu and Hiroshi Shimizu .
Movie career
Heinoske Gosyo made his debut with independent work, putting the film "Spring on the southern islands" ( 1925 ). Great success fell to the film " Country Bride " ( 1928 ). Already from his first productions, the director develops his own style, which some critics will call “stateism”. The image on the background of the poetic nature of pastoral fun and sadness of rural provincials, which makes you cry and laugh at the same time - this is “stateism”, as critics define it [4] , and its films always featured the image of the season, which is typical of Japanese art. Gosho, influenced by his mentor Yasujiro Shimazu [2] , one of the first, even a little earlier than his colleague in the studio Yasujiro Odzu, began developing the topic of "Semin-geki" - a drama from the life of the working class, "little citizens".
Gosyo staged the first Japanese sound film “ Neighbor and Wife ” ( 1931 , winner of the Kinema Jumpo magazine award as the best film of the year). Among his best works of the 1930s : the silent film "The Dancer from Izu " ( 1933 ), the best among the many screen versions of the story Yasunari Kawabata ; “ The Burden of Life ” ( 1935 ), in which the traditional way of life of the Japanese faces the western one; The Woman of the Night ( 1936 ); “The Song of the Flower Basket ” ( 1937 ) - about the inhabitants of the outskirts of the city suburbs. From the late 1930s until the end of the Second World War, he worked at the Dayei studio.
During the war, the director shot little, the most interesting works of this period: “New Snow” ( 1942 ), “Five-Storey Pagoda” ( 1944 ), “Girls from Izu” ( 1945 ). After the war, he worked at the Toho studio, where he produced the film “Once more” ( 1947 , the Mainiti award for the best film of the year) about love ruined by the war. The film was a success, but next year Gose will take part in the famous studio strike, for which he will be counted among the Communists and dismissed from Toho. In 1951, together with other filmmakers, he founded the independent company Studio Eight Productions, which will include such films as: “Branching Clouds” ( 1951 ), “Morning Waves” ( 1952 ) and one of the most high-profile works of the director “ Where factory pipes are visible ”( 1953 ), marked by the prize of the international film festival in West Berlin ( 1954 ), with the wording“ for the best film fighting for freedom ”. Studio Eight Productions studio will exist until 1954 , the last Gosho film filmed on it was Hotel in Osaka ( 1954 ), which was ranked among his best cinematographic works. At the studio "Sin-toho" will be made one of his interesting works " Peers " ( 1955 ), the heroine of which since childhood prepared for the fate of a prostitute. Among the best films of the director of the 1950s are also the films “ A Memorial Song ” (“Elegy”, 1957 ) and “The Yellow Crow ” ( 1957 [5] , which was awarded the Golden Globe with the American film award as the best foreign film in the USA ).
Subsequently, Heinoski Gose will return to “Sjetika”, where, among other things, he will be staged the film “ Mother and Eleven Children ” ( 1966 ), the second of his works after The Yellow Crow (and the director for forty-three years of film making 97 films), which will be shown in the USSR box office [6] .
Since 1964, Gose was General Secretary of the Japan Film Directors Association, retiring from this post in 1975 . Repeatedly, his films became laureates of the Kinema Jumpo magazine’s award and the Mayniti award as the best films of the year. In 1966, Heinoski Gose was awarded the honorary imperial award of the Order of the Rising Sun , and in 1972 he was awarded the Order of Culture , or as it is also called the Order of the Purple Ribbon [7] . In the last years of his life the director worked a lot on television. He died in 1981 at the age of 79. Over the next years, his films will be revived out of oblivion, both in Japan and abroad: retrospectives of his films will be held in Paris , London , New York [3] and Moscow (in the Cinema Museum, 2003 ).
Filmography
Heinoske Gosyo Filmography [8] | ||||
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Year | Russian name | Transliteration | original name | English name |
1920s | ||||
1925 | " Spring on the southern islands " | Nanto no haru | の 春 | Spring of south island |
" There is not a cloud in the sky " | Sora va Khareturi | は 晴 れ た り | ||
" Youth " | Seisyun | 世 玉手 箱 | ||
" Heart of a man " | Otoko Gokoro | ご ゝ ろ | ||
" Casket for life " | Taseyi tamatebaka | 世 玉手 箱 | ||
1926 | " Citizens " | Mati no hitobit | の 人 々 | Towns people |
" First Love " | Hatsukoi | 初恋 | ||
" Rapid flow " | Honrew | 奔流 | A torrent | |
" Maternal love " | Haha-yo koishi | よ 恋 し | ||
" Daughter " | Musue | 娘 | ||
" No refund " | Caera well sasa bue | ら ぬ 笹 笛 | No return | |
" My favorite child " | Itosino Vagako | 坊 ち ゃ ん | ||
" She " | Kanojo | 彼女 | She | |
1927 | " Lonely brawler " | Sabisy rambo mono | し き 乱 暴 者 | |
Shameful Dreams | Hazukashi yume | し い 夢 | Shameful dream | |
" Cheat " | Karakuri Musume | ら く り 娘 | ||
" Death of a girl " | Shojo no si | の 死 | ||
" Face of the Moon " | Okame | か め | ||
1928 | " If you like it " | Bitches nareba askew | き な れ ば こ そ | |
" Country Bride " | Moore no hanameo | の 花嫁 | The villiage bride | |
“ Debauchery is bad ” | Goraku stately | 楽 御 指南 | ||
" The Path to God " | Kami eno michi | へ の 道 | ||
1929 | " New type of woman " | Shin Jasacon | 女性 鑑 | |
" Father and his children " | Oyadzi that sono ko | 父 と そ の 子 | Father and His Child | |
" One night of passion " | Zyonetsu-no itiya | 熱 の 一夜 | ||
1930s | ||||
1930 | " Bachelors, beware " | Dokusin Xia Xojin | 者 御用 心 | Bachelors Beware |
"The Corner of Greater Tokyo " | Dai-Tokyo no ikkaku | 大 東京 の 一角 | A Corner of the Big Tokyo | |
" Smiling type " | Hohoemu hinsey | む 人生 | A Smiling Character | |
" Women can't mess with your name. " | Onna-yokimi-no on kagasu nakare | よ! 君 の 名 を 汚 す 勿 れ | ||
" The Story of Kinoyo " | Kinoyo monogatari | 代 物語 | Story of kinuyo | |
" Night of Desires " | Aiyoku no yo | の 記 | Desire of Night | |
1931 | " Neighbor and wife " | Madame is the palate | ダ ム と 女 房 | The Neighbor's Wife and Mine |
" The scandal on the island " | Sima no ratai jiken | の 裸 事件 事件 | ||
" Memories of the days of youth " | Wakaki hi-no kangaki | き 日 の 感激 | ||
"---" | Gutei kenkey | 賢 兄 | ||
1932 | " My stupid brother " | Niisan no tank | さ ん の 馬鹿 | |
" Willows on the Ginza " | Ginza no Yanagi | の 柳 | ||
" Roman at the studio " | Satsueijo Romance - Renai Annai | 影 所 ロ マ ン ス ・ 恋愛 案 内 | ||
" Cuckoo " | Hototogisu | 不如 帰 | Cuckoo | |
" Love in Tokyo " | Koi no tokyo | の 東京 | ||
" Love is connected with the sky " | Tengoku-ni musubu koi | 天国 に 結 ぶ 恋 | Lovers in the beyond | |
1933 | " Bride is talking in a dream " | Hanaeme no negoto | の 寝 言 | The Bride Talks in Her Sleep |
" Dancer from Izu: Where Love Flowers Blossom " | Koi no hana saku izu no odorico | の 花 咲 く 伊豆 伊豆 子 子 | The dancing girl of izu | |
" Nineteenth Spring " | Juku no Hara | の 春 | Nineteenth spring | |
" Goodbye my girlfriend " | Shojo yo sayonara | よ 、 さ よ な ら | ||
Lasky | Aibu | 愛撫 | ||
1934 | " Since I was born a woman " | Onna then umaruta karana | と 生 れ た か ら に ゃ | When You're Born to Be a Woman |
"---" | Sakura ondo | く ら 音 頭 | ||
" Everything is alive " | Ikitoshi Ikerumo | き と し 生 け る も の | ||
1935 | " The groom is talking in a dream " | Hanamuko but negoto | 婿 の 寝 言 | The Groom Talks in His Sleep |
“ Desire ” | Akogare | こ が れ | ||
" Burden of life " | Jinsei but onimutsu | 人生 の お 荷 物 | Burden of life | |
1936 | "A married woman lends money " | Okusama shakuyosho | 様 借用 書 | |
" New Way " (film in two parts) | Sindo | 新 道 | New way | |
" Woman of the Night " | Oboroyo-but onna | 夜 の 女 | Woman in the mist | |
1937 | “ Flower Basket Song ” | Hanakoy-no uta | 籠 の 歌 | Song of the Flower Basket |
1940s | ||||
1940 | " Unfeeling " | Mokuski | 木石 | |
1942 | " New snow " | Sinsetsu | 新 雪 | |
1944 | " Five-story pagoda " | Godju-but then | 重 塔 | |
1945 | " Girls from Izu " | Izu no musumetari | の 娘 た ち | The young women of izu |
1947 | " Once more " | Ima hitotabi mo | ひ と た び の | |
1948 | " Look " | Omokage | 面 影 | |
1950s | ||||
1951 | " Branched Clouds " | Vakare-gumo | か れ 雲 | Dispersed clouds |
1952 | " Morning unrest " | Asa no jamon | の 波紋 | Morning conflicts |
1953 | " Where factory pipes are visible " | Entotsu no myere basho | 突 の 見 え る 場所 | Where chimneys are seen |
1954 | " Hotel in Osaka " | Osaka but poison | 大阪 の 宿 | An inn at osaka |
" The Valley of Love and Death " | Ai then si no tanima | と 死 の 谷 間 | The Valley Between Love and Death | |
“The rooster shouted again ” | Nivatori va futatabi naku | は ふ た ゝ び 鳴 く | The Cock Crows Twice | |
1955 | " Peers " | Takekuraba | け く ら べ | Adolescence , Growing Up Twice , Child's Play |
1956 | " Once again at night " | Aru yu futatabi | る 夜 ふ た た び | |
1957 | " Yellow Crow " | Kiira Karasu | い か ら す | Yellow crow |
" Memorial Song " ("Elegy") | Bank | 晩 歌 | Elegie | |
1958 | " Firefly Lights " | Hotarubi | 螢火 | Fireflies |
" Greed " | Yoku | 欲 | Avarice | |
" Maria from the ant village " | Ari-no mati-no maria | の 街 の マ リ ア | Ragpicker's angel | |
1959 | The Diary of Karatati | Karatati Nikki | ら た ち 日記 | Journal of the Orange Flower |
1960s | ||||
1960 | " My love " | Waga ai | が 愛 | When a woman loves |
" White fangs " | Sira kiba | い 牙 | ||
1961 | " Hunting rifle " | Ryoju | 猟 銃 | Hunting rifle |
" When the clouds are scattered " | Kumo Ha Tigireru Toki | が ち ぎ れ る 時 | As the Clouds Scatter | |
" The bonds of love " | Aijou no keifu | の 系譜 | Northern elegy | |
1962 | “ Mom, get married! " | Kaatyan Kekkon Shiro | あ ち ゃ ん 結婚 し ろ よ | Mother please marry |
1963 | " Million girls " | Hyakuman-nin-but musumetati | 万人 の 娘 た ち | |
1965 | " Woman from the Mountain of Spirits " | Odzorezan-onn | 山 の 女 | Woman of osore mountain |
1966 | " Mother and Eleven Children " | Kaatyan then juitinin no kodo | あ ち ゃ ん と 11 人 人 子 ど | Mother and Her Eleven Children |
1967 | " Banquet " | Utague | 宴 | Rebellion of Japan |
1968 | " Woman and Miso Soup " ("Everything about Woman") | Onna no subete | と 味噌 汁 | Women and Miso Soup |
" Autumn and Spring Meiji " (puppet animation) | Meiji haru aki |
Notes
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 cinemasia.ru (rus.) (Inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is May 30, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 encyclopedia.com (English)
- Реж “Director's Encyclopedia: Cinema of Asia, Africa, Australia, Latin America”, Scientific Research Institute of Cinema, Vetrova T.N. (Otv. Ed.), Mainland - M., 2001, ISBN 5-85646-053-7
- ↑ The film was shown in the Soviet box office from April 1959, by the s / c of Goskino USSR 1193/58 (up to October 1, 1963) - published: “Annotated catalog of films of 1959’s release”, published by Iskusstvo, M.-1960, page 26.
- ↑ The film was shown in the Soviet box office from February 1969; r / s Goskino USSR № 2214/68 (until July 1, 1975) - published: “The catalog of films of the current fund. Release II: Foreign Feature Films ”, info.-advert. bureau ex. the film and film distribution committee of the Cinematography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, M.-1972, p. 80.
- ↑ ja.wikipedia (Japanese)
- ↑ Jacoby, Alexander. A Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors. - Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press, 2008. - p. 268-273. - ISBN 978-1-933330 -53-252295.
Links
- Heinoske Gosyo (Eng.) On the Internet Movie Database
Literature
- Akira Iwasaki , "Contemporary Japanese Cinema", 1958, (Russian translation of 1962, Translators: Vladimir Grivnin, L. Levin), - Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1962.
- "Kinoslovar" / Edited by S. I. Yutkevich. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1986-1987. - p. 100. - 640 s.
- “Director's Encyclopedia: Cinema of Asia, Africa, Australia, Latin America”, Scientific Research Institute of Cinema, T. Vetrova (responsible editor), Mainland - M., 2001, ISBN 5-85646-053-7
- Joseph L. Anderson & Donalg Richie , The Japanese Film, Grove Press, inc., New York, 1959/1960
- MacDonald, Keiko I. , Cinema East: A Critical Study of Major Japanese Films, Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 1983.
- Reframing Japanese Cinema: Authorship, Genre, History, edited by Arthur Nolletti Jr. and David Desser , Indiana University Press, 1992.
- Jacoby Alexander A Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors. - Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press, 2008. - p. 268-273. - ISBN 978-1-933330 -53-252295