Novorossia [1] ( Confederate Republic of Novorossia, KRN ; Ukrainian; Novorossia ), also Union of People's Republics [2] , CHR , general use. LDNR is a confederate [3] union uniting the unrecognized Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic [4] [5] [6] , proclaimed in the spring of 2014 within the Donetsk and Lugansk regions of Ukraine , respectively.
| confederation of unrecognized states | |||||
| New Russia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
Anthem : | |||||
 declared territory controlled territory (June, 2017) | |||||
←  ←   → →May 24, 2014 - May 18, 2015 | |||||
| Capital | Donetsk , Lugansk (capitals of participants) | ||||
| Largest cities | Donetsk, Lugansk, Makeevka , Horlivka | ||||
| Languages) | Russian , Ukrainian | ||||
| Currency unit | Ukrainian hryvnia , Russian ruble | ||||
| Population | more than 3 million people | ||||
| Form of government | confederate republic | ||||
| Official language | and | ||||
| Parliament speaker | |||||
| • 2014—2015 | Oleg Tsarev | ||||
| Story | |||||
| • May 24, 2014 | Creature | ||||
| • May 18, 2015 | Confederation “Freeze” | ||||
On June 24, 2014, the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics announced a decision to unite in a confederate state - the Union of People's Republics [7] . On June 26, Oleg Tsaryov was elected speaker of parliament of the Union of People's Republics (SNR) [8] . On July 15, at the second plenary meeting of the parliament of the CHR, amendments were made to the constitution of the confederate state - in particular, the name Novorossia was introduced into the constitution [1] .
The name of the confederate union implied the declared continuity with respect to the eponymous historical region of the Russian Empire [9] , which included a significant part of the territory of the Donetsk region .
The confederation agreement was suspended in the spring of 2015 [10] [11] [12] . On May 18, 2015, the DPR Foreign Minister Alexander Kofman stated that the “Novorossiya project” was closed for an indefinite period [10] [11] [12] . A similar statement was made by the speaker of the parliament of Novorossia Oleg Tsaryov, specifying that the project is “frozen” due to the fact that the creation of Novorossia is not provided for in the Minsk agreements signed by the leadership of the DPR and LPR with Ukraine [11] [13] , but can be resumed, “if Kiev will violate the declared truce if an escalation of hostilities occurs ” [14] .
Content
Historical parallels
New Russia was the historical territory of the Northern Black Sea Region , annexed to the Russian Empire in the second half of the 18th century as a result of the Russian-Turkish wars . On these lands were formed Kherson , Yekaterinoslav , Tauride , Bessarabian provinces , as well as the Kuban region [ specify ] . The name was used until the beginning of the XX century [15] ; after the October Revolution of 1917, it almost went out of use - the lands of historical Novorossiya became part of the Ukrainian SSR and the Russian SFSR .
The cultural and historical concept of "Novorossia" was recalled with the onset of the conflict in eastern Ukraine. On April 17, 2014, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin , answering one of the questions during the “direct line” with citizens, made the following statement: Using the tsar’s terminology, I want to say that this is not Ukraine, it’s New Russia. This Kharkov , Donetsk , Lugansk , Kherson , Nikolaev , Odessa - in tsarist times they were not part of Ukraine, but were transferred to it later. Why this was done, I do not know [16] . "
At the same time, part of the territory of Donbass and the Kharkiv region had nothing to do with historical Novorossia (they were part of the territory of the Don and Slobozhanshchina Troops ) [17] .
Story
The political crisis in Ukraine
In November 2013, a political crisis began in Ukraine , caused by the government’s decision to suspend the process of signing the Association Agreement with the European Union . This decision led to a mass protest in the center of Kiev , as well as in other cities of Ukraine, which received the name Euromaidan in social networks and media. After the adoption in January 2014 of a number of laws [18] and clashes between police and protesters [19], this action took on a sharply anti-presidential and anti-government character [20] . Among the heterogeneous political forces that took part in the protests on Euromaidan, nationalist groups that made up the right-wing Right Sector association [21] [22] stood out for their activity.
On February 18-20, a violent confrontation in the center of Kiev led to mass bloodshed, after which President Yanukovych made concessions and signed an agreement with the opposition on February 21 to resolve the crisis in Ukraine [23] . On the same day, Yanukovych left Kiev, and on February 22, the Verkhovna Rada adopted a decree that removed him from power [24] . By this decree, the Verkhovna Rada also called for early presidential elections on May 25, 2014 [25] , and the duties of the President of Ukraine were entrusted to the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Oleksandr Turchynov [26] .
If in the capital, in the northern, central and western regions of Ukraine, the new Kiev leadership, which announced the resumption of movement towards European integration, enjoyed the support of the population and quickly consolidated its position , then in the southeast from the very first days after the transfer of power to the former opposition began to expand protests against the new government, which refused to take into account the interests of the Russian-speaking minority (for more details see Protests in the South-East of Ukraine (2014) ).
The most radical situation at that time developed in Crimea, for which the direct consequence of Euromaidan was the accession to Russia . A number of actions of the new government and its supporters (the Verkhovna Rada’s vote to repeal the law on the foundations of state language policy , prepare a lustration law, radical statements by Euromaidan activists and political figures) led to the activation of Russian public organizations in Crimea and the mobilization of a significant part of ethnically Russian Crimeans against the new leadership of Ukraine [27] , under their pressure, the executive power of Sevastopol was changed [28] . However, unlike similar crises of past years, Russia did not “restrain” the irredentists, but headed for the annexation of the peninsula, believing that “it is forced to begin work on the return of Crimea to Russia, because we cannot leave this territory and the people who are there live, to their own devices, under the rink of the nationalists ” [29] . On February 26, supporters of the Mejlis and the new Ukrainian government tried to occupy the building of the Crimean parliament and blocked its work, but early in the morning of February 27, Russian special forces occupied the buildings of the authorities of the Crimea [30] [31] [32] , after which the deputies of the Supreme Council of Crimea those gathered in the parliament building dismissed the government of Anatoly Mogilev and decided to hold a general Crimean referendum on May 25 to expand the autonomy of the peninsula as part of Ukraine [33] . The new government of Crimea was headed by the leader of the Russian Unity party, Sergei Aksyonov , who declared his non-recognition of the new leadership of Ukraine [34] and appealed to the Russian leadership for “assistance in ensuring peace and tranquility in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea” [35] [36] . These actions received massive support among the Crimean population [37] [38] . Over the next few weeks, local authorities, with comprehensive Russian support, held a Crimean referendum on the status of the peninsula, declared its independence, and it was declared part of Russia .
Even during the confrontation in Kiev, some heads of regions of Southeastern Ukraine and socio-political figures expressed the idea of federalization of Ukraine and decentralization of power as a possible way out of this situation. This idea was developed after the change of power . The deputies of a number of regional councils from the former ruling party at their meetings began to put forward demands for the federalization of Ukraine, recognition of the Russian language as the second state, questioning the legitimacy of the new government, and also taking steps to withdraw from subordination to it [39] [40] .
The beginning of armed conflict
The protest actions were especially widespread in Donetsk, Lugansk and Kharkov. The protesters refused to recognize the new Ukrainian authorities, advocated the federalization of Ukraine and against the new governors, whose appointment was considered illegitimate, elected the so-called. "People's leaders" of their regions [41] [42] [43] [44] . On April 6, protesters took action, capturing a number of administrative buildings in Donetsk, Lugansk and Kharkov regions [45] [46] [47] .
On April 6, protesters seized the SBU building in Lugansk, in which were stockpiles of weapons [48] [49] [50] . After that, armed activists issued an ultimatum to the regional authorities with a demand to determine their political position in the conflict [51] , and also posted a video on the Internet with the words: “We, the joint headquarters of the army of the Southeast, appeal to the people of our regions: if they are not fulfilled our demands, we will enter into open confrontation ” [52] [53] .
On April 12, a group of armed men led by Russian citizen Igor Strelkov captured the city of Slavyansk, Donetsk Region [54] [55] .
On April 14, 2014, Alexander Turchinov announced the start of an anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine [56] . Earlier, on April 7, Turchinov stated that the events in the southeast are “part of the special operation of the Russian Federation and an attempt to repeat the“ Crimean scenario “in mainland Ukraine” [57] .
Proclamation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic
On May 11, 2014, referendums on the status of regions were held in the Lugansk and Donetsk regions. The vast majority of referendum participants supported the state independence of the regions and the creation of the Lugansk People’s Republic and the Donetsk People’s Republic. On May 12, the LPR leadership declared independence, on May 19, the Republican Assembly of the LPR applied to the UN with a request for recognition of sovereignty.
On May 18, the Supreme Council of the DPR was formed, performing the functions of the highest legislative body. On May 22, the Supreme Council of the DPR turned to Russia with a request to recognize independence.
Union formation
On May 22, the "people's governor" of the Donetsk region Pavel Gubarev [58] announced the creation of the political movement (party) Novorossiya [59] , which he himself headed. Speaking to the constituent congress before his supporters, he said that, having won in Slavyansk , the DPR and LPR will be able to recapture the remaining territories of Novorossia: the districts of Donetsk and Lugansk regions, which by that time had come under the control of Ukrainian troops, as well as Kharkov, Kherson, Zaporizhzhya, Dnepropetrovsk , Odessa and Nikolaev regions [60] .
On May 24, in Donetsk, the Prime Minister of the DPR, Alexander Borodai, and the head of the LPR, Alexei Karjakin, signed a document on the unification of the “state of New Russia ” [61] . At the same time, judging by the statements of the leaders of the people's republics, it was not a merger, but an alliance of independent entities with the aim of cooperation in various fields, which, as expected, could be joined by other regions of Ukraine [62] [63] [64] .
At the same time, at a congress of representatives of eight regions of southeastern Ukraine in Donetsk, the creation of the Popular Front was announced, which, according to the plan of its organizers, was to unite the supporters of federalization, “inspired by the idea of reconstructing New Russia” [61] [65] .
On May 28, Gubarev confirmed the plans for the development of New Russia as a state [66] .
On May 31, the official flag of Novorossia was approved, and on June 1 it was hung in front of the Donetsk Regional Administration [67] .
On June 24, the Supreme Council of the Donetsk People's Republic voted for the single constitution of New Russia. At a session of the Supreme Council of the DPR, a constitutional act was adopted on the confederate union of the DPR and LPR into the Union of People's Republics, a list of deputies from the DPR to the parliament of the Union of People’s Republics was approved [2] .
On June 26, 2014, Oleg Tsaryov was elected speaker of the parliament (head of state) of the Union of People's Republics, and the union’s constitution was approved [8] .
Confederate Suspension
On May 18, 2015, the DPR Foreign Minister Alexander Kofman stated that the “Novorossiya project” was closed for an indefinite period [10] [11] [12] . A similar statement was made by the speaker of the parliament of Novorossia Oleg Tsarev, specifying that the project is “frozen” due to the fact that the creation of Novorossia is not provided for in the Minsk agreements signed by the leadership of the DPR and LPR with Ukraine [11] [13] , but can be resumed “if Kiev will violate the declared truce if an escalation of hostilities occurs ” [14] .
On June 15, 2016, the former head of the LPR, Valery Bolotov, announced the reanimation of the Novorossia project [68] [69] . In January 2017, the head of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko, confirmed that both republics are not ready for unification due to the Minsk agreements [70] .
Territory
Territorial claims
The head of the Donbass People’s Militia, Pavel Gubarev, stated that eight southeastern regions of Ukraine will enter Novorossia; separation of regions, he said, will be held by referenda [71] ; that is, six more regions of Ukraine are supposed to enter the new state: Dnepropetrovsk , Zaporizhzhya , Odessa , Nikolaev , Kharkov and Kherson [72] , and have a total area of 249,000 km². In addition, Pavel Gubarev periodically appears against the background of the map, where the Kirovograd region and Crimea are also included in the composition of New Russia [73] . On February 6, 2015, the People’s Council of the DPR announced a claim to the territory occupied by the Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih Republic [74] .
Despite its territorial claims, in fact, the leadership of New Russia since the proclamation has controlled only part of the Lugansk and part of the Donetsk region.
Actually controlled territories
By the end of May - beginning of June 2014, the people's republics that were part of the confederal union controlled two-thirds of the territory of Donetsk and Lugansk regions. In late June - early July 2014, most of these territories came under the control of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
According to the Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council, Andrei Parubiya, dated July 4, 2014, the Armed Forces of Ukraine controlled two-thirds of the territory of the Donetsk region (13 of 18 districts) and half of the territory of the Luhansk region (10 of 18 districts) [75] .
In August, after the liquidation of the Izvarinsky cauldron , the rebels launched a counterattack on the southern front, breaking through to the Sea of Azov in the Novoazovsk region [76] .
From the first half of September 2014 to the present, armed groups of the DPR and LPR control about a third of the territory of Donetsk and Lugansk regions [77] .
Government structure
New Russia, according to the creators, was supposed to be a union of independent republics, to which other republics proclaimed on the territory of Ukraine could join.
The constitution of New Russia was planned to be adopted three months after the adoption of the constitutions of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics [78] . The "People’s Governor" of Donetsk Region Pavel Gubarev in May 2014 declared:
| We do not recognize the president and parliament of Ukraine. Donetsk and Lugansk people's republics are independent states. This is my position. Therefore, we will recognize the government and the elected president only from a position if they are ready to recognize the independence of the republics of Donbass. And second, they must immediately withdraw troops from the borders of our people's republics and cease any hostilities [78] |
Guide
In the formation of the Union, the governing body of the Council of New Russia included three representatives of the Donetsk and Lugansk republics [79]
From LPR - Valery Bolotov , Alexei Karjakin and Oleg Tsarev .
From the DNI - Alexander Borodai , Denis Pushilin and Pavel Gubarev .
By the end of May 2015, the parliament of New Russia included:
From the LPR - Igor Plotnitsky , Alexei Karjakin and Oleg Tsarev .
From the DNI - Alexander Zakharchenko , Denis Pushilin and Pavel Gubarev .
Military establishment
As of July 2014, according to Pavel Gubarev, the combined strength of the DPR and LPR armies was about 20,000 [80] . As of August, there were 200 armored vehicles in service in the DPR , which, according to its representatives, were assembled from existing reserves and captured armored vehicles [81] .
Equipped with volunteers [82] .
Symbolism
In mid-May 2014, the People’s Governor of Donbass Pavel Gubarev announced a vote for the projects of the new flag of Novorossia [83] , 11 flag options were presented on the Novorossia information and analytical portal. On May 31, 2014, a message appeared about the approval of the official flag of Novorossia [84] - a scarlet rectangular cloth with a blue Andreevsky cross with a silver border - a modified flag of the Russian fleet , which played a significant military role in the appearance and approval of historical Novorossia [85] . This flag is now actively used in the territory of New Russia [86] [87] [88] [89] .
On August 13, the speaker of the parliament of the Union of Peoples Republics Oleg Tsarev presented a new draft flag of New Russia. “The republic was created on the lands that were part of the Russian Empire when tsarist Russia existed, and people went to a referendum for the right to be annexed to the Russian world. For this reason, the commission settled on an option that is associated with the flag of the Russian Empire, ”Tsarev explained the choice of the state symbol [90] .
Timezone
On the night of October 25-26, 2014 at 2:00, the DPR and LPR switched to Moscow time [91] [92] .
The transition was carried out simultaneously with the transition of the Moscow time zone to winter time. At the same time, arrows were not translated in New Russia, but in Kiev and Moscow. As a result, the time in Moscow and Donetsk coincided, and the time of Kiev relative to New Russia shifted by 1 hour, while remaining shifted by 1 hour relative to Moscow. In fact, the Soviet time of Donetsk was restored, which previously coincided with the Moscow time zone, as well as the Crimean one.
International reaction
Ukraine
The DNI and LNR, which formed Novorossia, are considered terrorist organizations by the Prosecutor General of Ukraine [93] [94] [95] [96] . The Ukrainian media project "Novorossia" is assessed as an artificial and non-viable entity, torn apart by internal contradictions [97] .
Russia
On September 25, 2014, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia for the first time officially named the Lugansk and Donetsk regions of Ukraine “Novorossia” [98] [99] . Prior to this, on April 17, Russian President Vladimir Putin called the South-East of Ukraine Novorossia during the traditional “direct line” [100] .
Unconfirmed reports periodically appear in the media about the cessation of support for the DPR and LPR by the Russian leadership and the "closure of the Novorossiya project" [101] [102] ; these decisions are associated with the neutralization of a number of political and military leaders of the republics and personnel changes in the administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
see also
- Southeast Ukrainian Autonomous Republic
- Separate areas of Donetsk and Lugansk regions
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 The Parliament of the Union of People's Republics adopted the constitution of New Russia , ITAR-TASS (July 15, 2014).
- ↑ 1 2 DPR and LPR united in the Union of People's Republics. Kommersant.ru, 06.24.2014
- ↑ DPR and LPR will unite in a confederation with a single constitution
- ↑ DPR and LPR united in New Russia and intend to create a “Popular Front”
- ↑ DPR and LPR created a new state of Novorossia // MK, 05.24.2014
- ↑ Pavel Gubarev: Donetsk and Lugansk republics merged into New Russia
- ↑ At the session of the Supreme Council of the DPR, an act was adopted on unification with the LPR in the Union of People's Republics
- ↑ 1 2 Adopted the constitution of the union of the DNI and LC
- ↑ Tsarev proposed to celebrate the 250th anniversary of New Russia . Lenta.ru. Date of treatment July 2, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Head of the DNI Foreign Ministry: The Novorossiya project has been closed for some time // Regnum, 05/18/2015
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 The Novorossiya project is closed // Newspaper. Ru, 05/20/2015
- ↑ 1 2 3 Foreign Minister of the DPR: the Novorossiya project is closed for a while - we do not have the right to impose our opinion on Kharkov, Zaporizhia, Odessa
- ↑ 1 2 Oleg Tsarev: there will be no New Russia yet due to the Minsk agreements
- ↑ 1 2 Oleg Tsarev called the conditions for the resumption of the Novorossiya project
- ↑ V. M. Khmarsky. NOVOROSII REGION. // Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine: T. 7: Mi-O / Editorial: V. A. Smoliy (head) and ін. NAS of Ukraine. Institute of History of Ukraine. - K .: V-in "Naukova Dumka", 2010. - 728 p.: Il.
- ↑ Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences revives the concept of “Novorossia
- ↑ Historical works about Little Russia and Little Russians
- ↑ What was banned and limited to Ukrainians by the new law? . BBC Ukraine (January 16, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Boxing in the dark. The clashes between police and protesters in Kiev ended in a draw: a report by Lenta.ru (Ukrainian) . Tape.ru (January 20, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Laws of January 16th. Kiev Center for Political Studies and Conflictology. 01/20/2014 Archived on February 21, 2014.
- ↑ Right Sector: Euromaidan combat squad. BBC Ukraine, 01.20.2014.
- ↑ Profile: Ukraine's “Right Sector” movement . BBC News (January 21, 2014). Date of treatment January 23, 2014.
- ↑ The text of the Agreement on the Settlement of the Crisis in Ukraine is published. UNIAN, 02.21.2014
- ↑ About the self-preservation of the President of Ukraine, the vision of the constitution ... (Ukrainian) . Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (22.2.2014). - Postanova No. 757-VII. Date of treatment February 23, 2014.
- ↑ The parliament suspended Yanukovych and scheduled the presidential election on May 25, 2014. RBC Ukraine, 02.22.2014
- ↑ [s: Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine dated 02.23.2014 No. 764-VII s: Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine dated 23.02.2014 No. 764-VII]
- ↑ The situation in the field of human rights and the rights of national minorities in Ukraine . ODIHR (May 12, 2014).
- ↑ Sevastopol almost defeated the administration, but nevertheless made a promise to transfer all the affairs to Alexei Chalom Archived on October 17, 2016.
- ↑ Vladimir Putin: we acted in the interests of the Russian people and the whole country . TASS (March 16, 2015). Date of treatment June 26, 2015. Archived June 26, 2015.
- ↑ Author: Andrey Kondrashov . VIDEO. Documentary film “Crimea. Way to the Homeland. " The premiere took place on March 15, 2015. TV channel " Russia 1 " // russia.tv
- ↑ SBU released a video of the capture of the building of the Supreme Council of Crimea
- ↑ Capture of the Supreme Council of Crimea: eyewitness accounts
- ↑ Crimean Parliament calls referendum on autonomy
- ↑ Rustam Korsovetsky. Aksenov considers the new Prime Minister of Crimea the president of Yanukovych . News (February 27, 2014). Date of treatment June 5, 2016. Archived on June 5, 2016.
- ↑ Address by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the ARC, Sergey Aksenov , Press Service of the Supreme Council of the ARC (March 1, 2014). Archived on November 8, 2014. Date of treatment November 8, 2014.
- ↑ “A Straight Line with Vladimir Putin” . // kremlin.ru (April 17, 2014). Date of treatment April 17, 2014.
- ↑ Shorthand record of the meeting of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated February 28, 2014 (“On urgent measures to ensure national security, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine”) (in Ukrainian)
- ↑ NSDC published the transcript of the first meeting after the annexation of Crimea (document) “LB.ua”, 02.22.2016
- ↑ Lugansk deputies “for” the referendum on the federal structure of Ukraine (March 2, 2014). Date of treatment March 16, 2014.
- ↑ The southern and eastern regions of Ukraine took upon themselves the maintenance of order (February 26, 2014). Date of treatment March 16, 2014.
- ↑ Supporters of the federalization of Ukraine gathered in the center of Kharkov for a rally . RIA Novosti (April 12, 2014).
- ↑ Donbass rebelled against Ukraine. Boils the whole Southeast . Moscow Komsomolets (April 6, 2014).
- ↑ A rally in support of the federalization of Ukraine continues in Kharkov
- ↑ Donetsk Republic named the conditions for the release of buildings
- ↑ BBC News - As it happened East Ukraine crisis , BBC News (April 15, 2014). Date of treatment May 1, 2014.
- ↑ Uprising of the Southeast - how it all began (PHOTO VIDEO) , Izvestia in Ukraine (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment May 1, 2014.
- ↑ WRAPUP 8-Separatists tighten grip on east Ukraine, EU agrees more sanctions on Moscow , Reuters (April 14, 2014). Date of treatment May 1, 2014.
- ↑ SBU capture in Lugansk: Plotnitsky about the events of April 6, 2014
- ↑ Separatists seized weapons and continue to block the SBU building in Lugansk . UNIAN (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ MIA: In Lugansk, separatists seized weapons of the SBU . GORDON (online edition) (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Protesters in Lugansk issued an ultimatum to the authorities . Interfax (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Separatists of Lugansk: If our requirements are not met, we will begin an open confrontation. Video . GORDON (online edition) (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ "Army of the Southeast" threatens an open confrontation in Ukraine . Rosbalt (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ The war in the Donbass in numbers, facts and ceasefires . Russian service of the BBC (February 6, 2015). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Tomorrow was the war. A year ago, the terrorists began the capture of Slavyansk . GORDON (online edition) (April 12, 2015). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Turchinov signed a decree on the start of the anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine . RBC (April 14, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Against those who took up arms, anti-terrorism measures will be held - Turchinov . Correspondent (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment January 15, 2016.
- ↑ On March 6, Gubarev was detained by the SBU and on May 7, together with two other activists of the DPR, was exchanged for three officers of the SBU captured by supporters of the DPR
- ↑ Gubarev announced the creation of the movement (party) "Novorossia"
- ↑ Gubarev P. Torch of New Russia. - M .: Peter, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Donetsk and Lugansk republics merged into New Russia
- ↑ Head of the LPR: There was no unification of the two independent republics, only an alliance agreement was signed
- ↑ Donetsk and Lugansk republics merged into New Russia
- ↑ LPR and DPR is a "union of republics", and not Novorossia, - Nikitin
- ↑ Southeast announced the creation of the Popular Front
- ↑ Pavel Gubarev and Valery Korovin discuss on Skype the prospects for the development of the state of New Russia.
- ↑ RIA Novosti (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment June 2, 2014. Archived on September 3, 2014.
- ↑ Ex-leader of LPR announced the revival of the Novorossia project
- ↑ Former leader of the “LPR” Valery Bolotov “pleased” with the reanimation of the Novorossiya project and his return to politics
- ↑ Zakharchenko explained the impossibility of combining the DPR and LPR
- ↑ DPR and LPR signed a document on the creation of the state of Novorossia
- ↑ Lugansk and Donetsk republics merged into New Russia // novorossia.su
- ↑ http://www.ostro.org/files_dn/2014/06/02/gubarev.jpg
- ↑ The People’s Council adopted the DPR Memorandum on the foundations of state building, political and historical continuity (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment February 6, 2015. Archived on February 6, 2015.
- ↑ Ukraine controls most areas of Donbass - Security Council | UKRINFORM (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment July 5, 2014. Archived July 14, 2014.
- ↑ Donetsk turning point: the militia launched a massive counterattack . vesti.ru (August 25, 2014).
- ↑ DNI and LC claim to all territories of Donetsk and Lugansk regions
- ↑ 1 2 Donetsk and Lugansk republics merged into “New Russia” (Inaccessible link) . Date of treatment May 24, 2014. Archived on October 6, 2014.
- ↑ Lugansk and Donetsk people's republics merged into New Russia // www.rg.ru
- ↑ Governor of the Donetsk Republic: the army of the LPR and the DPR totals 20 thousand militias . ITAR-TASS (07/09/2014).
- ↑ For the counterattack near Donetsk, the militia prepared 200 armored vehicles . Vesti.ru (August 12, 2014).
- ↑ 3:40 . Military Review of New Russia (July 19, 2014).
- ↑ People’s Governor of Donbass Pavel Gubarev announced the start of voting for the flag of Novorossia, the state that is planned to be created by uniting the southeastern lands of Ukraine . Glance , May 15, 2014.
- ↑ OFFICIAL FLAG OF NEW RUSSIA APPROVED. BEFORE HE ALREADY RECEIVED PEOPLE RECOGNITION, AND NOW AND STATE. (inaccessible link) . News of the Donetsk People's Republic (May 31, 2014). Archived on May 31, 2014.
- ↑ Chalenko A. What is Novorossia? . Izvestia (March 20, 2014). Date of treatment May 7, 2014.
- ↑ Pavel Gubarev. An appeal to the people of Donbass regarding the military operations of the Kiev junta.
- ↑ Press conference of Pavel Gubarev on May 26, 2014
- ↑ Statement by Pavel Gubarev.
- ↑ Pavel Gubarev. Interview to the TV channel Russia.
- ↑ Tsarev presented the flag of New Russia
- ↑ DNR passes to Moscow time .
- ↑ The head of the LPR signed a decree on the transition to Moscow time .
- ↑ Self-voted republics in Donetsk and Lugansk regions qualified as a terrorist organization. (Ukrainian) Official website of the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine
- ↑ The GPU recognized the self-proclaimed DPR and LPR as terrorist organizations. (Russian) UNIAN (May 16, 2014)
- ↑ Radio ECHO of Moscow :: News / “People's republics” self-proclaimed in Donetsk and Lugansk recognized as terrorist organizations
- ↑ Lenta.ru: Former USSR: Ukraine: Ukraine is going to recognize the DPR as a terrorist organization
- ↑ End of “New Russia”: Putin is one step away from defeat | New time
- ↑ About the meeting of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey V. Lavrov with US Secretary of State J. Kerry . The situation in Ukraine was discussed in the context of… establishing a direct dialogue between the authorities in Kiev and the leadership of Novorossia // the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia _ 09/25/2014
- ↑ Rossiya ofitsyno recognized Novorossiysk Archived copy of September 27, 2014 on the Wayback Machine // TV_, 25 Veresnya, 17:10
- ↑ Direct line with Vladimir Putin
- ↑ Operation Novorossia rejected. There will be neither Ukrainian banks, nor the Russian ruble. This is an economic impasse - Copyright columns - Novaya Gazeta
- ↑ NEWSru.com news :: NATO intelligence agencies have found that Putin has changed plans for the Donbass - he no longer seeks separation
References
- Donetsk congress. New Russia. Manifesto
- Novorossiya: is Ukraine part of Putin's 'resurgent Russia'? // Channel 4. - 2014, April 17.
- 'Novorossiya,' the latest historical concept to worry about in Ukraine // washingtonpost.com. - April 18, 2014.
- Why Putin's Ukrainian "New Russia" Could Be an Ungovernable Mess // businessweek.com. - 2014, May 5.
- Underneath Putin's Novorossiya, Gazprom Pumps Away // thenation.com. - 2014, May 5.
- In the LPR explained the status of New Russia . Lenta.ru (May 24, 2014).
- Donetsk and Lugansk republics merged into "Novorossia" / RBC
- The new "state" Novorossia // The Kiev times. - 2014, May 24.
- DPR and LPR united in New Russia and are waiting for Kharkov // Moskovsky Komsomolets. - 2014, May 24.
- The "state of Novorossia" will include eight regions of Ukraine - Gubarev // Correspondent . - 2014, May 24.
- Why Russia is in no hurry to recognize Novorossia / Kirill Voronkov
- How Novorossia reconciled the Reds and the Whites / Egor Prosvirnin