Birma (Kishert district)

Village on the river. Birma, the left tributary of the river. Leok

Before the advent of the Russians, the kircher places belonged to the Tatars, who paid yasak to the Moscow state under Ivan IV, after they conquered the Kazan Khanate and annexed Bashkiria to Russia.

Places near the village are rich in small rivers - Osinovka, Berezovka, Murzakaevka, Maksimovka, Birma (flows into the Lek), uplands, logs. Here, locals mined iron ore and sold it to the Moleb plant.

The banks of the Shoya, Leka, and Osinova rivers were the estates of the Jurmansk Ostyaks (Tatars). The appearance of the Russians Mikhail Kaysarov dates back to 1649–1652, when there was a general settlement of the Kungur lands. The chapel in the village of Birma was built in 1879. The school was opened in 1894. In 1895, clerk Alexander Vasilievich Budrin was a teacher of the Birminsky school. After graduating from our school, the children walked 8 km on foot to the village of Osintsevo every day at the Osintsevsky Zemsky Folk School. There were fairs in our village.

Since the settlement of the Sylven region, the main occupation of the peasants has been agriculture. In peasant families kept horses, chickens and other domestic animals. The main place was occupied by beekeeping, truck farming, cattle breeding, sheep breeding. Romanovsk sheep were bred: meat went for food, leather for tailoring sheepskin coats, fur coat, wool for felt boots and mittens. Krupodorki mills were built on the rivers.

The territory of our region was a single water system, consisting of mill ponds, which in spring collected spring water, clearing the flows of mud and silt, as if being a purification system, and fed the Sylva River with water all summer. There were a lot of fish in the ponds. Ponds were also a kind of swimming pool for village boys and girls.

1841 - the beginning of potato growing.

There is such a LEGEND about Byrma: "The Tatar carried a house in a bag, but cracked along the slopes, there was a hole in the bag - and Byrma was formed."

The word Byrma came from the Turkic language, "Bormos" - means "meander of the river, road." Before the revolution, there were more than 300 yards in the village (now 60 houses). In the village there was a mill, which gathered to grind grain from all around. People lived on their own farm, raised cows, chickens, sheep, pigs. Birma was known for its mine, but the iron ore deposits were small. Now in that place there are only pits and huge mountains of land covered with raspberries. Iron ore was sent to the village of Molebka at the Demidov plant at the carts.

During the Civil War, Red Army troops retreated through the village. White also went through the village. The White Guards arrested people who helped the Reds. In the village there is a monument to Lunegov, who died during the Civil War. He was shot by the White Guards for the murder of a white officer. His body was chopped into pieces and thrown into the woods. Residents of the village buried the body and erected a monument.

In the 30s, collectivization began, people began to gather in collective farms. Two collective farms were created: “Combat Ural” and “Sverdlov”. On collective farms, an obligatory minimum of participation in labor activity is introduced - 90 workdays. During this period, arable land was processed, bread was harvested. Many wives of machine operators could not work on a collective farm. But they introduced a mandatory minimum of 280 (270) days. People from dawn to dawn worked on collective farm work and no longer had the opportunity to engage in personal farming, even with two days off a week. For personal use, the cows were allowed to mow hay in birches, mezhah, and if you mow on a collective farm field, then the hay was taken to the collective farm, and the offender was threatened with a fine. In the personal economy, they were allowed to work only after hours, many had to mow at night, and during the day they were on collective farm work. People gathered home; special people - “smart” - called people to meetings, gave instructions to whom to go to what kind of work. These people went around every house in the morning.

Dekulakization has begun. More prosperous people were kicked out by families in what they were in, they were forbidden to take any property. The resolution came that it is necessary to dispossess so many families. The authorities dispossessed those people who did not please him with something, and not those who were required.

Until the 30s, the village had its own chapel, where believers went to pray to God. Now there are poplars standing on this place. There is a legend about these poplars, supposedly the seeds of these trees were brought from America itself and planted throughout the village. These centuries-old giants remember how our ancestors lived, but they stand in silence. Many of them have already died.

In the village, 2 hydroelectric power stations were built on the Birminka River; they supplied light to the whole village, a power-saw bench. Now there are ponds.

In 1935, a fire destroyed 32 houses; people were haymaking. The fire spread from one side of the village to the other. The best houses in the center, on Berezovka, in lower Birma burned down.

The House of Disabled and Elderly is being created. This organization had its own equipment, land, a pigsty, a bathhouse, and vegetable gardens where they grew their vegetables. First, the House of Disabled People was housed in one building, then another building was built by the forces of its employees. House of the disabled on organization and prosperity occupied the second place in the region. In 1981, it was closed, the elderly and the disabled were taken to White Mountain in another House of Disabled.

The collective farms had their own dairy and cheese factory, which produced butter, sour cream, and cheese. There was a current and a thresher (now houses were built on this place). Before the revolution, a primary school was opened in Byrma, which now no longer exists. A hospital is being opened in the village to provide medical care. In 2005, it was closed. In 1961, a new club building was built, a reading room was opened, where they read books to illiterate people, taught literacy, arranged concerts, and held meetings. Currently, the club is also closed.

There were few equipment on the collective farm, mainly manual labor was used. It was especially hard in the years 1939-1949. These were hungry years, many people were dying of hunger. The collective farms break up, and a collective farm named after Lenin is created (now the SEC named after Lenin). The village council and the collective farm board are transferred to the village of Osintsevo.

During the Great Patriotic War, the male population went to the front, in the village there were only women, old people and adolescents. Teenagers and women were forced to learn to work on technology. People eagerly awaited spring and summer, ate pikans, pistols (horsetail shoots), tree bark, sour acid, rabbit cabbage, mushrooms, berries.

Until 1989, in spring and autumn, it was necessary to reach Osintsevo on foot or by horse - the roads were washed away. In 1987-1989, an asphalt road was laid connecting Osintsevo and Birma. There is a bus with the message Byrma - Osintsevo - Shumkovo - Ust-Kishert. The buildings of a new elementary school (grades 1-4) and a kindergarten were built. After finishing elementary school, children are transferred to Osintsevskaya secondary school. Until 1988, the children lived in a boarding school, now the school bus carries children daily to school and home.

1869 - 59 households, 435 people (202 men, 233 women). 1905 - 134 yards, 777 people. 1908 - 98 yards, 572 people (282 men, 290 women).

Over the next 10 years, a club, a library, a kindergarten were closed, one of the once two remained.