Lipar

	Lipar
	; Liparis fabricii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryotes
Kingdom:	Animals
Kingdom :	Eumetazoi
No rank :	Bilateral symmetrical
No rank :	Secondary
Type of:	Chordate
Subtype :	Vertebrates
Infratype :	Maxillary
Group :	Fish
Group :	Bone fish
Grade:	Rayfin fish
Subclass :	Freshfishes
Infraclass :	Bony fish
Cohort :	Real bony fish
Squadron :	Thistle
Series :	Perkomorphs
Squad:	Scoriform
Suborder :	Horned
Superfamily :	Round-like
Family:	Lipar
International scientific name
	Liparidae Gill , 1861

Liparic , or sea slugs ^[1] ( lat. Liparidae ) , is a family of marine ray-finned fish from the scorpion-like order. Distributed in all oceans from the Arctic to the Antarctic . The family includes about 30 genera and 334 species ^[1] . Not of interest for commercial fishing.

Content

Description

The body is elongated, gelatinous, devoid of scales . In the long dorsal fin, 28–82 soft rays, and in the anal fin 24–76 soft rays. The dorsal and anal fins merge or almost merge with the caudal fin . The ventral fins are modified and form a rounded suction cup, which is absent in representatives of the genera Paraliparis and Nectoliparis .

The largest representative of the family, Polypera simushirae , reaches a length of 77 cm and a mass of 11 kg ^[2] , and the body of the smallest, Paraliparis australis , is only 5 cm ^[3] .

Distribution

Juvenile Careproctus ovigerum

Presumably Elassodiscus tremebundus , caught in the eastern Bering Sea

Liparis catharus

Paraliparis bathybius

Representatives of this family of fish are widespread in all oceans. Representatives of the family - record holders among the fish in depth, at which they were found:

in October 2008, a British-Japanese team of researchers discovered a group of fish species Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis in the Japanese Trench at a depth of 7.7 km (record at that time) ^[4] .
in December 2014, a previously unknown species was found in samples raised from the Mariana Trench from a depth of 8143 m (record at that time) ^[5] .

Classification

The family includes about 32 genera and 407 species ^[6] :

Acantholiparis
Aetheliparis ^[7]
Allocareproctus
Careproctus
Crystalsallias
Crystalsallichthys
Eknomoliparis
Elassodiscus Gilbert & Burke, 1912
Eutelichthys Tortonese, 1959
Genioliparis Andriashev & Neyelov, 1976
Gyrinichthys Gilbert, 1896
Liparis Scopoli, 1777
Lipariscus Gilbert, 1915
Lopholiparis Orr, 2004
Nectoliparis Gilbert & Burke, 1912
Notoliparis Andriashev, 1975
Osteodiscus Stein, 1978
Palmoliparis Balushkin, 1996 ^[8]
Paraliparis Collett, 1879
Polypera Burke, 1912
Praematoliparis Andriashev, 2003
Prognatholiparis Orr & Busby, 2001
Psednos Barnard, 1927
Pseudoliparis Andriashev, 1955
Pseudonotoliparis Pitruk, 1991
Rhinoliparis Gilbert, 1896
Rhodichthys Collett, 1879
Squaloliparis Pitruk & Fedorov, 1993
Temnocora Burke, 1930
Volodichthys ^[9]

Notes

↑ ¹ ² Nelson D.S. Fishes of World Fauna / Transl. 4th rev. English ed. N. G. Bogutskaya, scientific. Ed. by A. M. Nasek, A. S. Gerd. - M .: Book House "LIBROCOM", 2009. - S. 471-472. - ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0 .
↑ Polypera simushirae (English) in the FishBase database.
↑ Paraliparis australis (English) in the FishBase database.
↑ Morelle, Rebecca . 'Deepest ever' living fish filmed , BBC News (October 7, 2008).
↑ New Species and Surprising Findings in the Mariana Trench .
↑ Nelson J. S. , Grande T. C., Wilson M. V. H. Fishes of the World . - 5th ed. - Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons , 2016 .-- P. 495. - 752 p. - ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6 . - DOI : 10.1002 / 9781119174844 .
↑ David L. Stein. A Review of the Snailfishes (Liparidae, Scorpaeniformes) of New Zealand, Including Descriptions of a New Genus and Sixteen New Species // Zootaxa. - 2012. - Vol. 3588. - S. 1-54 .
↑ Balushkin A.V. New genus and species of liparic fish Palmoliparis beckeri (Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae) from the northern Kuril Islands with comments on the phylogeny of the family // Issues of ichthyology. - 1996. - T. 36 , No. 3 . - S. 293-299 .
↑ Balushkin A.V. Volodichthys gen. nov. - a new genus of primitive lipar fish (Liparidae: Scorpaeniformes) of the southern hemisphere with a description of a new species V. solovjevae sp. nov. from the sea of the Commonwealth (Antarctica) // Issues of ichthyology. - 2012. - T. 52 , No. 1 . - S. 5-14 .

[Nelson-1] ¹ ² Nelson D.S. Fishes of World Fauna / Transl. 4th rev. English ed. N. G. Bogutskaya, scientific. Ed. by A. M. Nasek, A. S. Gerd. - M .: Book House "LIBROCOM", 2009. - S. 471-472. - ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0 .

[2] Polypera simushirae (English) in the FishBase database.

[3] Paraliparis australis (English) in the FishBase database.

[4] Morelle, Rebecca . 'Deepest ever' living fish filmed , BBC News (October 7, 2008).

[5] New Species and Surprising Findings in the Mariana Trench .

[Nelson,_2016-6] Nelson J. S. , Grande T. C., Wilson M. V. H. Fishes of the World . - 5th ed. - Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons , 2016 .-- P. 495. - 752 p. - ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6 . - DOI : 10.1002 / 9781119174844 .

[Stein2012-7] David L. Stein. A Review of the Snailfishes (Liparidae, Scorpaeniformes) of New Zealand, Including Descriptions of a New Genus and Sixteen New Species // Zootaxa. - 2012. - Vol. 3588. - S. 1-54 .

[8] Balushkin A.V. New genus and species of liparic fish Palmoliparis beckeri (Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae) from the northern Kuril Islands with comments on the phylogeny of the family // Issues of ichthyology. - 1996. - T. 36 , No. 3 . - S. 293-299 .

[Balushkin-9] Balushkin A.V. Volodichthys gen. nov. - a new genus of primitive lipar fish (Liparidae: Scorpaeniformes) of the southern hemisphere with a description of a new species V. solovjevae sp. nov. from the sea of the Commonwealth (Antarctica) // Issues of ichthyology. - 2012. - T. 52 , No. 1 . - S. 5-14 .