Kita (mountain)

The whale belongs to the Shimanto group ( Jap. 四万 群 群 群 shimanto so: gun ) ^[11] and is a limestone and basalt ^{[12] [13]}

In 1908, the founder of the Usui Kojima ( Japanese: 小島 島 水 ) discovered a stone shrine at the top with the inscription "7th year of the Kansei era " (1795) ^[14] . In the chorographic treatise of the Edo period, the refers to “the highest north of the three white peaks facing north”, that is, Mount Kita ^{[2] [15]} . In the same era, Mount Fuji, Kita and the ridge , as the highest peaks known at that time, were considered sacred as the habitat of the kami ^[16] .

"Three snow-white peaks" are repeatedly mentioned in the literature: in the poetic anthology of Kokinshu of the 10th century (in the translations it appears as "White Mountain"), in the epic Tale of the House of Tyra and other works ^[8]

The first ascent was made by Naoe Natori ( Jap. 名 取 直 江 ) in 1871 in coordination with the local authorities ^{[14] [17]} . In 1902, the English missionary conquered Kitu, in 1905, Kuro Date ( 伊達 九郎 ) walked along the ridge between Notori, Aino and Kita ^[18] . In 1924, at the foot of the whale, a mountain hut for climbers was built ^[19] .

The first ascent of snow-covered Kita was made in 1925 by four members of the Japanese climbing organization ^[8] . In the future, the attention of climbers shifted to a more difficult climb to the slope with buttresses, the first of which occurred two years later ^[20] . After June 1, 1964, the mountains of the Akaisi mountain range became part of the newly formed national park, they all came under special state protection ^[21] . In 1980, was opened, along which buses with climbers and tourists come to Kita ^[22] , and a mountain villa accommodating up to 150 people was opened two years earlier ^[9] . The trigonometric point of the third class was organized on the mountain and its height was accurately measured ^{[23] [24]} . In 1988, Crown Prince Naruhito conquered Mount Kit ^{[25] [26]} .

Such subalpine species as cedar shrubbery , , fir of Vicha , lingonberry , stone birch , thin-scaled larch ^[22] grow on the humid slopes of Mount China. Alpine plants are represented by a shepherd’s bag , aconite , , wormwood , a critically vulnerable species of ^[27] . The endemic of the mountain — the calliantemum , which is threatened by unauthorized collection ^{[28] [27],} appears on the limestone southeastern slope.

A tundra partridge , pine cedar, as well as critically vulnerable (in Yamanashi) alpine accentor live in a cedar shrimp ^{[29] [30]} . At an altitude of 1000 to 2600 meters, Japanese serow lives ^[22] . The ermine subspecies makes burrows in the crevices of the mountain ^[29] . The alpine belt is inhabited by Japanese macaques ^[29] .

In 2008, the sika deer caused great damage to the alpine plants of Mount China, and the following year the Ministry of the Environment of Japan established a commission to prevent similar incidents in the future, which compiled an action plan implemented in 2010 ^[31] .

• Kitadake (Kitasan) // Kinesthesia - Collision. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1953. - S. 166. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B. A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 21).