Vitenson, Anatoly Samoilovich

In 1948 he graduated with honors from the Military Medical Academy . In 1982, he defended his doctoral dissertation in medical sciences ^[1] .

He is the author of more than 200 articles and 5 monographs on medical biomechanics. One of the founders of the method of artificial correction of movements when walking. He studied human walking as a single integral motor act ^[2] , consisting of the activity of the muscles of the leg and foot ^[3] , thigh ^[4] , pelvis and spine ^[5] , upper limbs ^[6] , leading to the displacement of the common center of mass of the human body in sagittal, frontal and horizontal plane ^[7] . I obtained the dependences of various biomechanical and electromyographic parameters on walking speed, pace, step length in a wide range of human walking speeds ^[8] as well as the dependence of the electromyographic profile of muscles during bicycle ergometry on speed and load ^[9] . Investigated a person’s walking on a ladder ^[10] and the work of a person’s muscles while performing rhythmic movements on a bicycle ergometer ^[11] . He revealed the minimization of a number of parameters of muscle electrical activity at some optimal walking speed ^[12] , the predominant role of afferent factors at slow rates and supraspinal factors at fast walking rates ^[13] . He developed and experimentally substantiated the concept of a different biomechanical role under different walking conditions of the flexor and extensor muscles ^[14] , which leads to the division of locomotor synergy into flexion and extensor parts, which differ in biomechanical and neurophysiological content ^[15] . Studied the role of the generator of walking movements in the intraspinal walking program ^[16] , the extensor muscles perform a more rigid strength function when walking, the flexor muscles perform a more adaptive correction function ^[17] . He gave a new interpretation of the electromyographic profile of muscles during normal and pathological walking: the periods of excitation and inhibition of the electrical activity of muscles are centrally programmed ^[17] . The period of excitement consists of a zone of maximum regular and moderate irregular activity, depending on walking conditions ^[18] . He performed a comprehensive biomechanical and neurophysiological analysis of the main patterns of pathological walking and mechanisms of compensation of a motor defect ^[19] . He developed a method for studying this compensation by physically modeling the elements of certain types of pathological walking in healthy people ^[20] . He applied the method of programmed muscle electrostimulation for the rehabilitation of disabled people with a thigh stump of various origins ^[21] .

• Vitenson A. S. Patterns of normal and pathological walking of a person. - M .: TsNIIPP, 1998 .-- 271 p. - ISBN 5-89853-006-1 .
• Vitenson A.S., Ivanov A.M., Gritsenko G.P., Petrushanskaya K.A. Rehabilitation of disabled people with a thigh stump by means of programmed electrical stimulation of muscles when walking. - M .: Mirror-M, 2001 .-- 176 p. - ISBN 5-89853-024-X .
• A. Witenson From natural to artificial locomotion control. - M .: BYBUL T.M. Andreeva, 2003 .-- 448 p. - ISBN 5-94982-004-5 .
• Vitenson A.S., Petrushanskaya K.A., Skvortsov D.V. Guidance on the application of the method of artificial correction of walking and rhythmic movements through programmed electrical stimulation of muscles. - M .: BYBUL T.M. Andreeva, 2005 .-- 312 p. - ISBN 5-94982-013-4 .
• Mironov E.M., Vitenzon A.S., Petrushanskaya K.A. Restorative treatment of patients with consequences of spinal cord injury. - Tver: LLC "Publishing Clover", 2009. - 228 p. - ISBN 978-5-91496-004-6 .