Memorials to Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin are installed in many cities of the world. Busts and statues of the poet can be seen in more than forty countries.
Content
Austria
- In Vienna , Favoriten . Established in 1999. Sculptor Yu. G. Orekhov
Azerbaijan
- Monument to Pushkin in Baku
Armenia
- Monument to Pushkin at Gergersky Pass.
- Monument to Pushkin in Yerevan .
- Monument in Gyumri .
- Monument in Stepanavan .
Belorussia
- Monument to A. Pushkin in Bobruisk .
- Monument in Vitebsk . (Established in 1989 on Pushkin Street. Sculptor I. Kazak, architect V. Yagodnitsky [1] ).
- Monument in Minsk on the banks of the river Svisloch .
- Monument in Mogilev .
- Monument in Gomel .
Belgium
- A monument was opened in Brussels in 1999 by sculptor G. Frangulyan [2]
Bulgaria
- Monument in Burgas .
- Monument in Sofia .
- A bust in the city of Pliska, on the Alley of writers of the cultural-historical complex “The Court of the Cyrillic. The author - sculptor S. Sagayka. Established March 6, 2018 [3] .
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- The monument in Banja Luka was installed in 2008 by sculptor G. V. Potocki [4] .
Hungary
- The monument in Budapest was opened in 1949 by sculptor Janos Farkas.
- Monument in Banhida, Tatabanya .
- Monument in Dendesh. Sculptor Leonid Vatnik.
Germany
- In Weimar , the Anna-Amalia library was installed in 1949 by sculptor I. Rogge .
- In düsseldorf
- A sculpture of A. A. Sknarin was installed in Hera in 1987.
- In Hemer in 1994, sculptor G. V. Potocki [4]
Greece
- The monument on Rhodes was installed in 2011 by sculptor G. V. Pototsky [4] [5] .
- The monument in Delphi was installed in 2014 by sculptor S. D. Nechvolodov.
Georgia
- Monument to Pushkin in Batumi .
- Monument in the village of Stepantsminda .
- Monument to Pushkin in Sukhum .
- Bronze bust in Tbilisi . Established in 1892. Sculptor F. Khodorovich [6] [7] .
Egypt
- The monument in Alexandria was opened in 2011 by sculptor G. V. Potocki [4]
- Bust in Cairo, opened in April 2017 [8]
India
- A monument was opened in Delhi in 1988 by sculptor M. K. Anikushin .
Spain
- In Madrid, the monument was opened in 1981, sculptor O. K. Komov [9] .
Italy
- Monument in Rome . Established in 2000. Sculptor Yu. G. Orekhov .
Kazakhstan
- Monument to Pushkin in Astana . Author A. N. Kovalchuk
- Monument to Pushkin in Almaty on Pushkin Street outside the building of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Author A. A. Bichukov .
- Monument in Karaganda .
- Monument to Pushkin and Abai Kunanabaev in Petropavlovsk .
- Monument in Stepnogorsk .
- Two monuments to Pushkin in Uralsk .
Canada
- The monument in Quebec was opened in 2003 [10] or 2004 [4] by sculptor G. V. Pototsky .
- The bust in Montreal was opened in 2002 by sculptor V. Gambarov.
Cyprus
- The bust in Limassol opened in 2000. Sculptor A. Belashov .
- Bust in Nicosia .
China
- A bronze bust as part of the monument in Shanghai was established on February 11, 1937 on Fenyanlu Street (汾阳 路), the author of the bust V.S. Podgursky, the authors of the monument are also artists and sculptors M.A. Kichigin, K. Kaminsky, architects E.M. Gran, Lieven, bust destroyed in 1944 by Japanese invaders, re-installed in 1947 in the same place, author of the bust V. N. Domogatsky , bust destroyed in 1966 during the cultural revolution, re-installed in 1987 in the same place sculptors Gao Yunlun, Li Zhugong, architect E. M. Gran [11]
- The monument in Ningbo was installed in 2008 by sculptor G. V. Potocki [4]
- Monument in Heihe opened in 2015
Kirghizia
- Monument to Pushkin in Bishkek .
- Monument in Karakol.
Korea
- The monument in the center of Seoul was opened on November 13, 2013 by sculptor N. Kuznetsov-Muromsky [12]
Cuba
- A bust of the sculptor M. K. Anikushin was installed in Havana in 1974.
Latvia
- Monument to Pushkin in Riga. Sculptor A. Taratynov
Lithuania
- The monument to Pushkin in Vilnius in the form of a bronze bust on a granite pedestal was created in 1955, sculptor Bronius Vishniauskas , architects Algimantas and Vytautas Nasvitisa, originally installed in Pushkin Square to the east of Gediminas Tower [13] (now this area is part of the Sereykishkkesk park, east of Gediminas Tower [13] (now this area is part of Sereykishkkesk park, east of Gediminas Tower [13] ) 1992 moved to the Pushkin Museum in Markuchayay [14] .
Mexico
- Bust in Mexico City . Discovered in 2002 by sculptor A. A. Bichukov .
Moldavia
- Monument to Pushkin in Bender .
- Monument in the village of Dolna
- The monument to Pushkin in Chisinau was installed in 1885 by sculptor A. M. Opekushin [15] .
- Monument at the Pushkin Museum-Estate in Chisinau.
- Monument in Orhei .
- Monument in the village of Pushkino .
- Monument in Tiraspol at the Pushkin State Library of the PMR .
- Monument in Tiraspol in front of Russian secondary school number 2 named after A. Pushkin.
- Monument in the city of Falesti .
Monument in Bender
Monument in the village of Dolna
Monument in Chisinau
Monument in Tiraspol
Bust in Tiraspol
Norway
- The bust in Oslo was opened in 1999 by sculptor J. Dines [16] .
Russia
Moscow
- Monument to Pushkin on Pushkin Square (sculptor A. M. Opekushin ). Opened in 1880.
- Monument on Spasopeskovskaya Square (sculptor Yu. S. Dines ).
- Monument fountain "Natalia and Alexander" at the Nikitsky Gate, near the Church of the Great Ascension , where the poet was married
- Monument on the Arbat , with his wife, Natalia Goncharova (sculptor A. N. Burganov )
- Monument in the park " Museon "
- The monument to the bust of young Pushkin on Baumanskaya Street , in the place of the house where the poet was probably born.
- Bust on Lublin street .
- Bust on Spartakovskaya street .
- Bust in Zelenograd (8th microdistrict).
- Monument in Babushkinsky park.
- Monument in the lobby of the 1st floor of the State Pushkin Institute of Russian Language and a bust monument in the garden at the entrance to the institute.
Monument in Museone
St. Petersburg and the city of Pushkin
- The first monument to Pushkin was erected in Tsarskoye Selo by lyceum students — friends of the poet on August 12, 1817. It was a hewn marble block with carved words "genio loci" ( lat. Genius of the place ). In 1844 the stone was transferred to St. Petersburg, and soon disappeared without a trace. [17]
- Monument on Pushkin Street (August 19, 1884 [18] ). Sculptor A. M. Opekushin [6] . The monument was raised at the expense of the city and cost 10,000 rubles.
- Monument to A. Pushkin on Arts Square (1957). Sculptor M. K. Anikushin
- Monument to Pushkin at the Pushkin House . Discovered in 1999 by sculptor I. N. Schroeder .
- Monument in the courtyard of the house of the Museum-apartment on the Moika, house 12 .
- The obelisk in place of the last duel of Pushkin .
- Monument "Pushkin Lyceum" in Tsarskoye Selo . Established in 1900, sculptor R. R. Bach .
- Monument in the Lyceum Garden of Pushkin .
- Monument at the metro station "Pushkinskaya" , sculptor M. K. Anikushin .
- Monument at the metro station "Black River" , sculptor M. K. Anikushin .
Other regions
- Monument in Abakan .
- Bust in Azov .
- Bust in Alatyr .
- Monument to Pushkin in Apatity , Sculptor Z. K. Tsereteli
- Monument in Arzamas . Discovered in 1999. Sculptor V.M. Klykov
- The bust in the Arkhangelskoe manor was established in 1903 by sculptor M. D. Kutyrin [19] .
- Bust in Astrakhan in the square of A.C. Pushkin on the street. Communist / st. Soviet, in front of the school № 56 them. A. S. Pushkin.
- Bust in Atkarsk .
- Monument in Bakhchisarai at the Khan Palace .
- Monument to Pushkin in Barnaul .
- Bust in the city of Beloretsk , installed in 1937, in the courtyard of the secondary school number 1 named after Pushkin.
- Monument to Pushkin in the city of Bogoroditsk .
- Monument in Bryansk .
- Bust in the Great Bows .
- Bust in Vladivostok .
- Bust in Vladikavkaz .
- Sculptural composition in Vladikavkaz .
- Monument in Volgograd .
- Pushkin Square and bust in Volzhsk . Opened in 2006.
- Bust in Volzhsky .
- Bust in Vologda . Established in 1904, replaced in 1930, restored in 1985.
- Monument in Voronezh .
- Bust in Vyazniki
- Bust in Gorno-Altaisk
- Bust in Gubkin
- Monuments in Gurzuf .
- Bust in Dzerzhinsky .
- Bust in Yeisk
- Monuments to Pushkin in Yekaterinburg .
- Monument and bust in Yelets
- Two monuments in Zakharovo . The first one was installed in 1899.
- Monument in Izhevsk .
- The monument in Irkutsk was opened in 2010. Sculptor M. V. Pereyaslavets .
- Monument to Alexander S. Pushkin in Yoshkar-Ola .
- Bust in Kadnikov . Established in 1899 (based on the work of sculptor I. P. Vitali ).
- Monument in Kazan .
- Monument in Kaliningrad , installed in 1993, sculptor M. K. Anikushin , at the intersection of Tchaikovsky and Cosmonaut Leonov [20] .
- Bust in Kaluga .
- Bust in Kashira .
- Monument in Kemerovo on Pushkin Square.
- Monument in Kerch .
- Monument in Kislovodsk .
- Bust in Kineshma .
- Bust in Klintsy .
- Monument and bust in Kovrov .
- Two monuments in Koktebel .
- Monument in Krasnodar .
- The sculptural composition "Arbor-rotunda with A.S. Pushkin and N.N.Goncharova" in Krasnoyarsk .
- Monument to Pushkin in Pushkin Square, Central Park , also in Krasnoyarsk.
- Monument to Pushkin in Kursk .
- Monument in the village of Leningrad
- Monument in Lipetsk .
- Monument in Lipki .
- Monument to Pushkin in Magnitogorsk on the steps of the Palace of Culture of Metallurgists on Pushkin Avenue . Opened in 1949 [21] .
- Monument in Maykop .
- Monument in Makhachkala [22] .
- Monument in Miskhor .
- Monument in Nalchik .
- In Novgorod the Great at the Monument "The 1000th Anniversary of Russia" is a figure of A.S. Pushkin. Established in 1862. Sculptor M. O. Mikeshin .
- Bust of Pushkin in Nizhny Novgorod .
- Memorial plaque at the Pushkin Museum on Minin and Pozharsky Square in Nizhny Novgorod .
- Monument in Novorossiysk (1999).
- Bust in Novosibirsk.
- Monument in Obninsk . Established in the estate Belkino in 2008. Sculptor Vladimir Denisov [23] .
- Pushkin's sculpture on the main facade of the Omsk State Regional Scientific Library named after A. Pushkin (sculptor V. Trokhimchuk ).
- Monument in Orenburg .
- Monument in Orekhovo-Zuyevo .
- Bust in Ostrogozhsk .
- Monument in the estate Ostafyevo (1913). Cast from A. M. Opekushin's plaster original [24] .
- Bust in Penza .
- Monument in Perm .
- Monument in Petrozavodsk . Sculptor G. A. Schulz .
- Monument in Plotava (Moscow region)
- Monument in Podolsk .
- Monument in Privolzhsk .
- Monument in Pskov , along with a nanny, Arina Rodionovna .
- Monument in Pushkino, together with I. A. Krylov .
- Monument in the village of Pushkino on the highway Alushta - Yalta .
- Monuments in the Pushkin Hills [6] and Mikhailovsky .
- Monument in Pyatigorsk
- Monument to Pushkin in Rostov-on-Don .
- Monument in Ryazan .
- Monument in Saki .
- Monument in Salavat .
- Monument in Samara in Pushkin Square .
- Monument in Saransk . Established in 1977 (sculptor E. F. Belashova) in place of the previous one (1899, sculptor GI Cattelberger).
- Bust of Pushkin in Saratov , in the Park Lipki .
- Monument in Sevastopol .
- Monument in Sergiev Posad , in the niche of the Gagarin House of Culture.
- Bust in Serdobsk .
- Bust in Serpukhov .
- Monument in Simferopol .
- Bust in Smolensk , installed May 30, 1976 in the park to them. A.S. Pushkin “Pushkin Garden” , sculptor E. F. Belashova , architects V. Trubaev, G. Soosar [25] .
- Monument to Pushkin in Sochi .
- Monument in Stavropol . Opened November 4, 1986 [26]
- Monument in Stary Oskol .
- Monument in Stupino .
- Monument in Surgut .
- Monuments to Pushkin in Tver .
- Monument to A. Pushkin in Taganrog .
- Bust in Temryuk .
- Bust in Timashevsk .
- Monument in Tomilino .
- Bust in Tomsk .
- Monument in Tula . Established in 1901. Sculptor K. A. Berto.
- Monument in Tuapse .
- Monument in Ulan-Ude [27] .
- Monument-bust to Pushkin in Ulyanovsk .
- Bust in Ufa .
- Monument in Ukhta .
- Monument to Pushkin in Khabarovsk .
- "Pushkin reads poetry Natalia Goncharova." Khanty-Mansiysk (Mira street). Author A. N. Kovalchuk .
- Monument in Feodosia .
- Monument in Chelyabinsk .
- Monument in Schelkovo .
- Bust in Engels .
- Monument in Elista .
- Monument in Yakutsk . Established in 2000. Sculptor Yu. G. Orekhov .
- Monument in Yalta .
- Bust in the estate Yaropolets Goncharov .
- Gypsum statue in Yaroslavl , in the courtyard of the school number 43.
Romania
- The monument in Bucharest was installed in 1949.
Serbia
- Monument in Belgrade . Installed in 2009. Sculptor N. Kuznetsov-Murom. A gift to Belgrade from the Union of Writers of Russia.
Slovakia
- The monument and museum in the village of Brodziany ( Partizansk district) opened in 1979, sculptor L. Snopek [28] .
Slovenia
- The monument in the Slovenian capital Ljubljana was opened on November 9, 2017. Sculptor Alexey Leonov [29] .
United States
- Monument in Washington at George Washington University (sculptor A. N. Burganov ) [30]
- In Jackson (New Jersey) the monument was unveiled in 1941, sculptor N. V. Dmitriev.
- In Monroe (New York) The monument was unveiled in 1970 by sculptor A. A. Kovalev .
Turkmenistan
- Monument to Pushkin in Ashgabat . Opened in 1911. Sculptor Berto K.A., architect Butuzov.
Turkey
- The monument in Istanbul was opened in 2009 by sculptor G. V. Potocki [4]
Uzbekistan
- Monument in Gulistan .
- Monument to Pushkin in Tashkent .
- Monument in Fergana .
Ukraine
- Monument to Pushkin in Ananyev .
- Monument in Belgorod-Dniester .
- Monument in Belenchenkovka ( Poltava region ).
- Monument in Berdyansk .
- Monument in Bolgrad .
- Monument in Genichesk .
- Monument in Glukhov .
- Bust in the river . Established in 1901. Sculptor I. Ya. Gunzburg . In 1999, it was renovated [19] .
- Monuments to Pushkin in Donetsk .
- Monument in the Yellow Waters .
- Monument to Pushkin in Zhytomyr . Opened in 1899. Sculptor G. N. Olyshkevich [19] .
- Monument in Zhmerinka .
- Bust in the village Zabolotovtsy ( Lviv region ).
- Monument in Zaporozhye .
- Monument in Zolochiv .
- Bust in Kazatin .
- Two monuments to Pushkin in Kamenka .
- Monument in Kamenka-Bug .
- Monument in Kakhovka .
- Monuments to Pushkin in Kiev :
- On the street Suvorov (1899). Sculptor R. R. Bach
- On the Zoological street (1954).
- On Vyacheslav Chernovol Street near the school building (1959).
- In the park to them. Pushkin (1962).
- Monument in Kropivnitsky .
- Monument in Konotop .
- Monument in the Red Ray .
- Monument in Kremenchug . Sculptors I. Yastrebov and Yu. Shorokhov [31] .
- Monument in Krivoy Rog .
- Bust in Krolevets .
- Two monuments to Pushkin in Lugansk .
- Monument in Lviv at the Russian Cultural Center.
- Monument in Manganese .
- Monument in Mariupol .
- Bust in Mukachevo .
- Monument in Marinka .
- Three monuments to Pushkin in Mariupol .
- Monument in Melitopol .
- Monument on Mizyakovski farms ( Vinnytsia region ).
- Monument to Pushkin in Nikolaev .
- Monuments to Pushkin in Odessa :
- On Primorsky Boulevard (1889) . Sculptor J. A. Polonskaya [24] .
- On Pushkinskaya street (1999) .
- “ Shadow of Pushkin ”, at the intersection of Deribasovskaya and Rishelyevskaya streets, (2013)
- Monument to Pushkin in Petrovsky ( Kharkiv region ).
- Monument to Pushkin in Polonny .
- Monument in Poltava .
- Monument in Sinyovka ( Sumy region ).
- Monument in Stakhanov .
- Monument in Strozhynets ( Chernihiv region ).
- Monument in Tatarbunary .
- Two monuments to Pushkin in Ternopil .
- Monument in Tulchin .
- Monument in Uzhgorod .
- Monument to Pushkin in Kharkov - opened in May 1904 on Theater Square . Sculptor B. V. Edwards . Another monument to Pushkin in Kharkov is in the hospital.
- Monument in Chernigov . Established in 1900 by sculptor K. A. Berto.
- Monument in Chernivtsi .
- Monument in Shpol .
Philippines
- The monument in Manila was opened in 2010 by sculptor G. V. Potocki [4]
Finland
- In 1986, a monument was opened in Kuopio in the city park by the sculptor O. K. Komov
France
- Monument in Paris . Established in 1999. Sculptor Yu. G. Orekhov .
Montenegro
- A monument to Pushkin in Podgorica - a gift from the Moscow government opened in 2002. Sculptor A. Taratynov.
Estonia
- Monument to Pushkin in Sillamäe .
- Monument to Pushkin in Narva .
Eritrea
- Monument in Asmara .
Ethiopia
- Monument to Pushkin in Addis Ababa. Discovered in 2006 by sculptor A. M. Belashov
South Korea
- The monument to Pushkin in Seoul, opened on November 13, 2013 on the square of the same name.
South Ossetia / Georgia
- Monument in Tskhinval .
See also
- The memory of Pushkin
Notes
- ↑ Monument to Alexander Pushkin - Sights of Vitebsk
- ↑ Magazine room. Star, 2000 N6. LARISA ZALESOVA - DOCTORS - From Brussels. New monument in Brussels. // magazines.russ.ru. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ The busts of the three great writers decorated the "Court of Kirilitsy" of the Bulgarian city. Planet Daily, 03/07/2018
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gregory Pototsky - Sculptor & Painter - Inaugurated monuments . // pototsky.ru. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ Greece-Russia. NEWS - GREEK-RUSSIAN TOPICS - Pushkin on Rhodes. Gogol next? // ellada-russia.ru. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 MONUMENTS TO PUSHKIN (CHAPTER 1 - MONUMENTS BEFORE 1917 (end)). Comments: LiveInternet - Russian Service Online Diaries . // liveinternet.ru. The appeal date is March 10, 2012.
- ↑ Monument not man-made: Pushkin and Tbilisi
- ↑ Egypt: a monument to Pushkin / Planet Daily opened in the center of Cairo, 04.04.2017
- ↑ Pushkin in Madrid / DAY / . // day.kiev.ua. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ The jubilee died down, monuments remained . // ng.ru. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ Yuri Podgursky. Stand at Pushkin // Science and Life . - 2017. - № 2 . - pp . 108-113 .
- ↑ Putin unveiled a monument to Pushkin in the center of Seoul . The appeal date is November 13, 2013.
- ↑ 302. A. Puškino paminklas // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas / Red. kolegija, pirmininkas J. Bielinis. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988. - Vol. 1. Vilnius. - P. 398. - 25 000 copies.
- ↑ Literatūrinio A. Puškino muziejaus steigimosi ir raidos istorija
- ↑ Monument AS Pushkin. // oldchisinau.com. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- Куль Portal Culture: Summary of the electronic version of the newspaper "Culture" No. 40 of 1999 . // kultura-portal.ru. The appeal date is March 9, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ “The Genius of the Place”, or the first monument to A. Pushkin - “ Science and Life ”, No. 11, 1999
- Sherikh D. Yu. “Urban Calendars. 1000 dates from the past of St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad. ”To the 290th anniversary of St. Petersburg. Publishing house "Petersburg - XXI century". 224 s., Circulation of 30,000 copies. ISBN 5-85490-036-X
- ↑ 1 2 3 MONUMENTS TO PUSHKIN (CHAPTER 1 - MONUMENTS BEFORE 1917). // liveinternet.ru. The appeal date is March 10, 2012.
- ↑ Monument to A. Pushkin
- ↑ Monument to A. Pushkin. Chelyabinsk region, Magnitogorsk
- ↑ A festive meeting was held in Makhachkala near the monument to Pushkin
- ↑ Monument to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the city of Obninsk . The appeal date is December 20, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 MONUMENTS TO PUSHKIN (CHAPTER 1 - MONUMENTS BEFORE 1917 (continued)). Comments: LiveInternet - Russian Service Online Diaries . // liveinternet.ru. The appeal date is March 10, 2012.
- ↑ Gdalin, Drovennikov, Popelyuher, 1993 , p. 89
- ↑ Calendar of public holidays of the Russian Federation, memorable dates and significant events of the Stavropol Territory for 2011 . The date of circulation is January 17, 2015. Archived January 16, 2015.
- ↑ Monuments to Pushkin (Chapter 4 - Monuments to Pushkin in Russia after 1917 (S – V))
- ↑ FEB: Kishkin. Muzei AS Pushkina v Chekhoslovakii. - 1981 (text) . // feb-web.ru. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ A bust of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was solemnly opened in Ljubljana
- ↑ Lenta.ru: In the world: In Washington, too, now there is a monument to Pushkin . // lenta.ru. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
- ↑ Monument AS Pushkin in Kremenchug - photo 192 - Monuments in Kremenchug - Photos and videos of Kremenchug - Outskirts of Kremenchug - History and photos of Kremenchug . // okrain.net.ua. The appeal date is March 8, 2012. Archived June 3, 2012.
Literature
- A. D. Gdalin , G. A. Drovennikov, I. L. Popelyukher. Monuments to Alexander S. Pushkin: Materials for an annotated catalog // Vremennik of the Pushkin Commission / USSR Academy of Sciences. Olya. Pushkin. commissions - SPb: Science , 1993. - Vol. 25 - p . 74-92 .
- Gdalin A.D. Monuments to Alexander S. Pushkin: History. Description. Bibliography. Volume 1. Russia. Part 1. St. Petersburg, Leningrad region. SPb., 2001;
- Gdalin A.D. , Ivanov M.R. Monuments to A.S. Pushkin on the Pskov land. Pushkin Mountains; Moscow. 2003 (Mikhailovsky Pushkiniana. Vol. 27).
Links
- Photos of monuments to Pushkin in the cities of Russia and the world (more than 400 monuments)
- Monuments to Pushkin. Entries in category Monuments Pushkin. Parashutov Diary: LiveInternet - Russian Service Online Diaries . // liveinternet.ru. The appeal date is March 7, 2012.
- Novoselov, Igor Petrovich
- There are media files on Wikimedia Commons on Monuments to Alexander Pushkin.