Approximants (slotted sonoric) are sonoric consonants , similar in method to the formation of fricative consonants , but without (or almost without) the formation of noise. Thus, they occupy an intermediate position between vowels and other consonants. The approximation of speech organs in approximants is more significant than in vowels, but still less than in fricative consonants.
| Ways of forming consonants |
|---|
| Noisy |
| Hooked |
| Explosive |
| Affricates |
| Slotted |
| Sibilants |
| Sleepy |
| Nasal |
| Single impact |
| Trembling |
| Approximants |
| Flowing |
| Vowels |
| Sliding ( half-vowels ) |
| Side |
| Air flow |
| Abruptive |
| Ingressive |
| Impulsive |
| Snap |
| Phonation |
| Voice Start Time (VOT) |
| Voiced |
| Deaf |
| Aspirated |
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The term “approximant” is practically not used in Russian-language literature and its translation into Russian does not exist. Typically, two descriptions of sonants correspond to approximants in descriptions: sliding and lateral (lateral). In addition, “ smooth consonants ” are a close concept, although they often include p-shaped non-approximants.
Content
Central approximants (moving consonants)
- labial approximator [ β̞ ] (usually on the letter [ β ])
- labio-dental approximant [ ʋ ]
- dental approximant [ ð̞ ] (usually on the letter [ ð ])
- alveolar approximant [ ɹ ]
- postalveolar approximant [ ɹ̠ ]
- retroflex approximant [ ɻ ]
- palatal approximant [ j ]
- velar approximant [ ɰ ]
- uvular approximant [ ʁ̞ ] (usually in letter [ ʁ ])
- pharyngeal approximant [ ʕ̞ ] (usually in the letter [ ʕ ])
- epiglottal approximant [ ʢ̞ ] (usually in letter [ ʢ ])
Side approximants
- voiced alveolar lateral approximant [l]
- deaf alveolar lateral approximant [l̥]
- retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
- palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
- velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
Two-focus approximants
- voiced labio-velar approximant [w]
- deaf labio-velar approximant [ʍ]
- labial palatal approximant [ɥ]
- velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]
See also
- Half-vowels
- Sonants
- Moving consonants
- Smooth consonants