Greenfeld, Nadezhda Evgenievna

Born in the family of attorney-in-law Evgeny Semenovich (Samoilovich) Koenigshatz (1861, Balti - 1939, Chisinau) ^[1] and Olga Vilgelmovna (Vasilievna) Bernshtein (from hereditary medical dynasties; grandfather - Samuil Isaakovich Kenigshat - was another city physician Belts ; Wilhelm Vikentyevich Bernstein - was a doctor in Chisinau and a college adviser). ^{[2] [3] [4]} Her grandmother - Maria Grigoryevna Kenigshats (nee Kogan) - was a writer and employee of the newspaper “Weekly Chronicle of the Sunrise” (1882–1883); It was also published in Breaking Dawn ^{[5] [6] [7]} .

In 1903 she became a member of the Chisinau branch of the Bund , later - a member of the RSDLP . ^{[8] [9] [10]} She was active in Menshevik organizations in Odessa , Kiev and St. Petersburg (subsequently in Petrograd and Kronstadt ). ^{[11] [12] [13]}

As a member of the Sfatul Tsarii, she held a political position opposite to Elena Alistar (the second woman deputy of this body). ^{[14] [15]} Fought for the independence of Bessarabia from the Romanian kingdom during the transitional period, followed by accession to Russia. ^{[16] [17]} On December 2, 1917, the Sfatul Tsarii proclaimed the creation of the Republic of Moldova. ^[18] After the annexation of Bessarabia by Romania, in January 1918, while trying to cross the Dniester, Nadezhda Grinfeld was shot by the Romanian gendarmes (at the same time 6 other members of the Sfatul Tsarii were shot - Vasily Rudyev, Fyodor Kotaros, Dmitry Prahnitsky, Ivan Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrchyot, Pantsyrtsyot, Pantsyritsyo, Pantsyritsyon and Nikolai Kovsan). ^{[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]}

Nadezhda Grinfeld (like her father) is one of the main characters in the play and novel by Semyon Reznik “Bloody Carousel” (under the name Frida Koenigsts, student, 25 years old). ^[25]

Her father, E. S. Koenigšac, in 1917-1918 was the vowel of the Chisinau City Duma, a member of the “Sfatul Tsarii” and an assistant commissioner of the Provisional Government in the city. ^[26] Mother, O. V. Koenigshatz, was the managing director of the children's day shelter. ^[27]

• Her husband, sworn attorney Peter Isaakovich Grinfeld (1877 - after 1939), a social democrat, participated in the activities of the Bund in Chisinau, Odessa, Kiev in 1900-1907, in 1904 he was delegated to the Berne Conference of the Bund, in 1917 he was nominated as a candidate to deputies of the Constituent Assembly on the lists of the RSDLP (o). ^[28]
  • Son - Lev Petrovich Greenfeld (1908—?).