Georgy Nikolaevich Chernyshev ( August 23, 1919 - July 24, 1997 ) - scientist, structural engineer , shipbuilder , chief designer of nuclear submarines of the project " 671 ", " 671RT ", " 671RTM ", " 971 ", Hero of Socialist Labor , State Prize laureate USSR and Russia , Doctor of Technical Sciences , Honored Designer of the Russian Federation , Honored Machine Builder of the Russian Federation , Honorary Academician of the St. Petersburg Engineering Academy, participant in the Great Patriotic War .
Georgy Nikolaevich Chernyshev | ||||||||||
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Date of Birth | August 23, 1919 | |||||||||
Place of Birth | Nikolaev , Kherson province | |||||||||
Date of death | July 24, 1997 (aged 77) | |||||||||
Place of death | Saint Petersburg , Russia | |||||||||
A country | USSR , Russia | |||||||||
Scientific field | Shipbuilding | |||||||||
Place of work | TsKB-18 , SKB-143 | |||||||||
Alma mater | Nikolaev Shipbuilding Institute | |||||||||
Academic degree | Doctor of Technical Sciences | |||||||||
Known as | submarine designer | |||||||||
Awards and prizes |
Content
Biography
Georgy Nikolaevich Chernyshev was born on August 23, 1919 in Nikolaev of the Kherson province (now the Nikolaev region , Ukraine ) into a working family [1] .
Early years
Since 1934 he went to work at the shipbuilding Nikolaev United State Plant named after Andre Marty the scribe, studied at the factory school . After graduating from FZU, he was sent to study at the Nikolaev Shipbuilding Institute [1] .
In the early days of World War II he was called up by the Red Army to the front. In the army since 1941. Participated in battles on the South-Western Front . In 1942, he was recalled from the front to complete his studies at the shipbuilding institute [1] , which was evacuated to Przhevalsk [2] .
Start of Design
In 1943 he was sent to Gorky , to the design bureau TsKB-18 , evacuated from Leningrad , a mechanical designer. In 1945, together with TsKB-18, he moved to Leningrad [1] .
In 1947, Chernyshev was sent to Germany , where, by the decision of the Soviet government in Blankenburg, a special design bureau was created under the leadership of the head of TsKB-18 A.A. Antipin to restore the Helmut Walter system steam-gas-turbine unit (ПГТУ). The tasks of the bureau included searching , collection of documentation and components manufactured during the war of the power plant submarine. After returning from Germany, Chernyshev was transferred to the post of senior designer, in the special design bureau SKB-143 (now called SPBMB Malakhit) created by order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in March 1948 to develop high-speed submarines and power plants of new types. The first task in SKB-143, on which Chernyshev worked, was to create a project 617 submarine with a combined-cycle turbine unit . According to this project, in 1951 the first and only Soviet medium submarine S-99 was laid down and commissioned in 1956, on which the classical diesel-electric circuit was supplemented by the Perm State Technical University [3] . Working on project 617, Chernyshev became the head of the sector [1] , and in 1951 he was appointed head of the department of ship systems and devices, construction of the propeller shaft line SKB-143 [4]
In 1952, Chernyshev joined the group, which began work under the direction of V.N. Peregudov on the creation of a draft project for the first atomic submarine (NPS) of project 627 (subsequently, projects 627A , 645 ). In the same year, Chernyshev was sent to Moscow to special group NII-8 (now NIKIET ) N. A. Dollezhalya , which was engaged in the creation of a nuclear power plant for nuclear submarines. In 1953, Chernyshev was appointed deputy head of the SKB-143 department; since 1957, he was appointed deputy chief designer of the project 639 nuclear missile submarine (the project was not implemented) [1] .
Chief Designer of Nuclear Submarines
In 1959, Chernyshev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and was appointed chief designer of a series of nuclear submarines of the second generation of project 671 of the Yorsh type. The project was distinguished by a large number of applied fundamentally new design solutions. The lead submarine of the project was laid down on April 12, 1963 at the Admiralty Plant in Leningrad, on July 28, 1966, it was launched and delivered to the fleet in 1967. In total, in 1963-1974, 15 submarines of this project were built [4] .
In 1970, for outstanding achievements in creating new models of military equipment, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR (closed), Chernyshev was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Medal "Hammer and Sickle" [1] .
On April 2, 1971, the Krasnoye Sormovo plant laid the lead submarine of Project 671RT of the Salmon type (modification of Project 671), designed under the leadership of Chernyshev. December 30, 1972 the boat was surrendered to the Navy . In total, from 1972 to 1978, 7 units of the submarine of this project were built (4 at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant and three at the Leningrad Admiralty Association). For the achieved performance in reducing the noise of the Project 671RT submarine, a large group of employees of the design bureau, Admiralty Plant and related enterprises were awarded orders and medals, in 1977 the Chief Designer G. N. Chernyshev and his deputy V. D. Levashov were awarded the USSR State Prize. and chief weapons designer L. A. Podvyaznikov [4] . A further modification of Project 671 Ruff based on Project 671RT Salmon was project 671RTM and 671RTM (K) of the Pike type, which was also developed under the leadership of Chernyshev. Between 1977 and 1992, 25 units of this project were built at shipyards in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Leningrad [4] .
In 1974, Chernyshev was appointed chief - chief designer of the Union Design and Installation Bureau of Mechanical Engineering " Malachite ", created after combining the teams SKB-143 and TsKB-16 (TsPB "Volna") [4] . In July 1976, “Malachite” began to develop a mass series of multipurpose submarines of the third generation of the project “ 971 ”. The chief designer of the project G.N. Chernyshev successfully combined in this ship the strengths of projects 671 and 705 and all the most advanced achievements of Russian science and technology [5] .
In total, 15 units of this boat project were built (8 at the Leninsky Komsomol Plant No. 199 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and 7 at the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise No. 402 in Severodvinsk ). The boats of this project had characteristics that made it possible to compete on equal terms with the latest American multi-purpose submarines of the Los Angeles and Seawolf class [6] .
In 1986, Chernyshev was appointed General Designer of the SPM BM "Malachite", until 1997, he led the design work on the projects 671RTM and 671RTM (K) [7] . In 1996, Chernyshev became a laureate of the State Prize of Russia [8] .
Chernyshev had the title of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Honored Designer of the Russian Federation (1992), Honorary Academician of the St. Petersburg Engineering Academy [1] .
Georgy Nikolaevich Chernyshev died on July 24, 1997 in St. Petersburg . He was buried at Volkovsky cemetery [1] .
Submarines Designed by G. N. Chernyshev
In total, more than 60 multipurpose nuclear submarines were built according to Chernyshev's projects [4] .
Submarines of Project 671 Ruff
Submarines of project 671RT "Salmon"
Submarines of project 671RTM (K) "Pike"
Submarines of project 971 "Pike-B"
Awards and titles
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1970);
- Order of Lenin (1970, 1985);
- Order of the October Revolution (1979);
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1959);
- Order of the Patriotic War 2 degrees (1985);
- Medals
- USSR State Prize ;
- State Prize of the Russian Federation ;
- Honored Designer of the Russian Federation ;
- Honored Machine Builder of the Russian Federation [1] .
Memory
- A memorial plaque in honor of G. N. Chernyshev was installed on the main building of the Malachite SPBMM named after Academician N. N. Isanin [1] .
- In 2000, G.N. Chernyshev named the ship for physical field control of the project 18061 “Georgiy Chernyshev” the former “SFP-177” of the Kamchatka Pacific Fleet military fleet [9] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bocharov A. Chernyshev, Georgy Nikolaevich . Site " Heroes of the country ".
- ↑ Ryzhkov S.S., Bugaenko B.A., Gal A.F. National Admiral Makarov University of Shipbuilding. Turning pages of history
- ↑ Vlasov V.P. From the history of the creation of submarines with combined-cycle turbines // Submarines. The history of development. Digest of articles. - Ekaterinburg., 2003.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Usenko N.V., Kotov P.G., Redansky V.G., Kulichkov V.K. How the atomic fleet of the Soviet Union was created. - SPb. : LLC Polygon Publishing House, 2004. - P. 505-506. - 544 p. - ISBN 5-89173-274-2 .
- ↑ Shmakov R.A. The atomic fleet was created by the young // "Atomic Strategy": Journal. - August 2007 .-- S. 16-17 .
- ↑ Cherkashin. I am a submarine . - M .: Top Secret, 2010 .-- S. 25. - 444 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-91179-004-2 .
- ↑ Lisochkin I. "Cheetah" - the first nuclear submarine cruiser of the XXI century . Russian shipbuilding portal. Date of treatment June 11, 2015.
- ↑ Chernyshev Georgy Nikolaevich // Encyclopedic Dictionary “Nikolaevtsy from 1789 to 1999” / Karnaukh V. A. .. - Nikolaev: “Possibilities of the Cimmeria”, 1999. - 375 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 9667676005 .
- ↑ Vessel for control of physical fields of the project 1806 "George Chernyshev" . Website warfare.be. Date of treatment June 11, 2015.
Literature
- Chernyshev Georgy Nikolaevich // Encyclopedic Dictionary “Nikolayevtsa from 1789 to 1999” / Karnaukh V. A. .. - Nikolaev: “Possibilities of Cimmeria”, 1999. - 375 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 9667676005 .
- Usenko N.V., Kotov P.G., Redansky V.G., Kulichkov V.K. How the atomic fleet of the Soviet Union was created. - SPb. : LLC Polygon Publishing House, 2004. - P. 505-506. - 544 p. - ISBN 5-89173-274-2 .
- Kryuchkov Yu. S. Chernyshev Georgy Nikolaevich // Submarines and their creators: 1900–2000 Dramas of people, ships and ideas. - Nikolaev: Naval, 2010 .-- 512 s.
- In memory of George Nikolaevich Chernyshev // "Shipbuilding": Journal. - 1997. - No. 4 . - S. 27 . - ISSN 0039-4580 .
- Alekseev A., Samarkin L. “Leopards” pose problems // “ Marine collection ”: Journal. - 1997. - No. 4 . - S. 51-56 . - ISSN 0134-9236 .
- Razletov B. General Designer, Submarine // Marine Collection : Journal. - 1998. - No. 2 . - S. 70 . - ISSN 0134-9236 .
Links
Anton Bocharov. Chernyshev, Georgy Nikolaevich . Site " Heroes of the country ". Date of treatment March 20, 2015.