Lutsk district

The area of ​​the county was 6626.0 square meters. verst.

Lutsk district was located in the west of the Volyn province. Rivensky was located east of it, Kovelsky and Vladimir-Volynsky to the west, and Dubensky districts of the same province to the south. In the north, it bordered a county with the Grodno province .

Soil and Mining

The soil of the territories located in the southern part of the county is almost exclusively black earth or its mixture with a small amount of clay ; the rest of the county was located on clay and sandy soils. There was a lot of peat in the county, but it was not developed for fuel, but went to fertilize the soil.

The county was formed in 1795 as part of the Volyn governorship . In 1797, the county became part of the Volyn province .

The place of mass demonstrations during the Polish uprising of 1863-1864 ^[2] .

During the revolution of 1905-1907, the county was embraced by peasant uprisings ^[2] . During World War I, military operations were carried out in the county. By the fall of 1915, the county was occupied by Austro - German troops. In 1921, according to the Riga Treaty , the county territory became part of the Lutsk district of the Volyn Voivodeship of Poland .

In 1897, the county had a population of 252,550, including Ukrainians 143,891, Jews 35,712, Germans 30,255, Poles 24,504, Russians 12,865, Czechs 3,818 ^[3] .

Colonists

In the period from 1787 to 1791, Mennonites settled in the county. There were 577 German settlers in the county in 1861 . In 1874 there were 12 colonies, and 1230 people lived in them. Czechs began to settle in the province in the sixties of the XIX century ; in 1884 there were 1354 of them. In 1882, all foreign settlers were counted in the county of 14 192 people (12 838 Germans and 1354 Czechs). They lived in 105 colonies, in which 2,342 yards. They had 37,218 acres of land, including 16,112 acres of their own, and the rest in long-term leases. Of the colonists, 12,078 people were in Russian citizenship and only 2,114 - in foreign. The colonists were mainly engaged in agriculture; their colonies flourished.

In 1913, the county included 16 volosts ^[4] :

The main occupation of the county residents was agriculture. In addition, forestry was developed in the county. The peasants were engaged in logging, removal, delivery to the marinas and rafting. In 1889, trade documents were issued: certificates 638, tickets to certificates 292, trade certificate 51.

For the period 1878-1882, the average yield of wheat was self-5.1, rye 4.2, oats 4.9 and potatoes 5.6. Beekeeping was developed in the county. In 1883 there were 907 apiaries with 6505 beehives. The beekeeping was mainly carried out by peasants and clergy. In 1889, the county had 67 111 horses, 87 912 cattle, 61 103 pigs, simple sheep - 94 528 and fine-fleece - 24 966. The shepherd plants belonged exclusively to the landowners. There were 3 horse factories, and there were about 100 horses in them.

All the factories and plants were considered in the county 57, with production in the amount of 120,330 rubles (1889). The most significant distilleries in terms of production volume (seven distilleries had a turnover of 87,888 rubles). Behind them were glass factories (3) with production of 10,180 rubles. There were 2 kostopalny factories, 1 soap factories, 9 tanneries, 1 candle factory, 12 oil factories, 6 breweries, 3 tar factories, 12 brick factories, and a cloth factory. There were 243 mills in the county; of which: 5 steam, 113 water, and the rest - wind. The craftsmen in the county in 1889 had 2653 craftsmen, 412 workers and 547 students. Of the artisans, most of all are weavers (433 craftsmen, 20 workers and 86 students), shoemakers, tailors and coopers. Forestry in the county was poorly supplied. With proper management, the annual deforestation in the county should be no more than 2199.23 acres, and it was cut down by over 8 thousand acres. There were 60 fairs in the county with a turnover of more than a million rubles.

There were 14 Russian and 3 Czech schools in the county under the inspector of public schools; in addition, each almost German colony has its own school; 6 almshouses, 2 hospitals and 7 pharmacies (1889). Doctors - 11.

• Lutsk // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897 (neopr.) . Date of treatment November 5, 2014. Archived on May 14, 2012. on the Demoscope Weekly website.