Spotted narcine [1] Narcine maculata (lat.) - a species of stingrays of the genus Narcine of the lat family . Narcinidae squad electric stingrays . These are cartilaginous fish leading a bottom lifestyle, with large, flattened pectoral and ventral fins in the form of a disk, a pronounced tail and two dorsal fins. They are able to generate electric current. They live in tropical waters of the western part of the Pacific Ocean and in the Indian Ocean at a depth of up to 80 m. The maximum recorded length is 39 cm [2] [3] .
| Spotted daffodil |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
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| International scientific name |
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Narcine maculata ( G. Shaw , 1804) |
| Synonyms |
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- Narcine firma Garman, 1913
- Raja maculata Shaw, 1804
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| Security status |
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Not enough data IUCN Data Deficient : 161560 |
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Content
The species was first scientifically described in 1804 [4] . The species is considered to be independent, although the separation of Narcine lingula and spotted daffodils can only be considered preliminary and temporary [5] . The only criterion on which this separation is based is the structure of the nostrils [6] . The specific name comes from the word lat. maculata is a “spot” [7] and is associated with the spotty coloration of these rays.
Spotted daffodils live in the northwestern part and the west-central part of the Pacific Ocean, as well as in the Indian Ocean. These ramps are found off the coast of Taiwan , the Philippines , Singapore , China , Vietnam , Cambodia , Thailand , Malaysia, Sri Lanka, eastern India, and also in the Andaman Sea off the coast of Myanmar and Indonesia [2] . They occur in continental tropical waters at a depth of 30 to 80 m [3] .
These ramps have wide and rounded pectoral fins, forming an oval disk. There are two dorsal fins and a caudal fin. Behind the eyes are sprays. At the base of the pectoral fins, electric paired organs in the form of kidneys, which stretch along the body to the end of the disk, peep through the skin in front of the eyes [8] .
The back, fins and tail are covered with large dark spots. The maximum recorded length is 39 cm [2] .
Spotted daffodils are bottom marine fish. They multiply by egg-bearing , embryos hatch from eggs in the womb and feed on yolk and histotroph [5] . Males reach puberty with a length of 28.2-30.2 cm. The smallest free-swimming individual was 12.5 cm long [6] .
These stingrays are not of interest to commercial fishing. Sometimes they are caught as by- catch in commercial shrimp fishing by trawling. Caught fish are thrown overboard, probably the survival rate among them is low. In addition, these stingrays suffer from environmental degradation caused by anthropogenic factors. There is insufficient data to evaluate the conservation status of the species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature [2] .
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 48 .-- 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Spotted daffodil . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Date of treatment April 18, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 de Carvalho, Compagno, LJV and Last, PR Narcinidae. Numbfishes // = In: KE Carpenter and VH Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific .. - Rome :: Food and Agricultural Organization., 1999. - P. 1433-1437.
- ↑ Shaw, G. (1804) General zoology or systematic natural history. G. Kearsley, London, vol. 5, Pisces, part 2, i-vii, 1-463
- ↑ 1 2 Compagno, LJV, Last, PR, Stevens, JD and Alava, MNR 2005. Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. Marine Laboratories Report 243. CSIRO.
- ↑ 1 2 Carvalho, MR de. 1999. A systematic revision of the electric ray genus Narcine Henle, 1834 (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Narcinidae), and the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the orders of elasmobranch fishes (Chondrichthyes). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. The City University of New York.
- ↑ Lingula (neopr.) . Wiktionary. Date of treatment April 17, 2014.
- ↑ Compagno, LJV and Last, PR Narcinidae. Numbfishes p. 1433-1437. In: KE Carpenter and VH Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific .. - Rome :: Food and Agricultural Organization., 1999.
