Closer - a position in the state of the governor (representative of the princely power ) in the late XV - XVI centuries .
Content
Job Description
The closer in the lawyers is often called the weekly, because the performers of this position alternated for weeks .
Under closers were assistants for judicial trips - conspirators and riders.
Responsibilities and rewards
The main functions of the closer belonged to the civil and criminal courts , carried out by the governor. The closer should call the defendant and witnesses to court , that is to inform, to inform the defendant of court appointment.
The closer went to the defendant or went, for his work he received runs over the distance. The runs in the first case were called " holed ", in the second - riding.
The door closer was traveling with “adjoining memory” ( summons ), which was presented to the defendant. The “memory” reported the time when the court was appointed.
The appointment and dismissal of the closer completely depended on the decision of the governor.
The remuneration of the closer, as well as other persons in the state of the governor, was carried out at the expense of feed. The closer received on the days of the main holidays - Christmas , Easter and Peter's Day - the food set for him by money and things from the inhabitants of the site to which he was assigned.
The remunerator due to him (owned or driven) the closer received each time for the performance of his duties separately, summoning the defendant and witnesses to court.
The closer, like other ministers with the governor, lived in a building that is in a public dependency.
Literature
- Nevolin K.A. Management Education in Russia from John III to Peter the Great // Complete Works. T. 6. St. Petersburg., 1859.
- Vladimirsky-Budanov M.F. Overview of the history of Russian law. M., 1995.
- Veselovsky S.B. Feudal tenure in North-Eastern Russia. L., 1947.
- Zimin A.A. Reforms of Ivan the Terrible. M., 1960.
- Buganov V.I. Bit books of the last quarter of the XV — beginning of the XVII centuries. M., 1962.
- Pavlov A.P. The sovereign's court and the political struggle under Boris Godunov. M., 1992.
- Dictionary Church Slavonic and Russian language. T. 1. St. Petersburg., 1847.
- Dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th — 17th centuries Vol. 1. M., 1975.
- Sreznevsky I. And . Dictionary of the Old Russian language. In three volumes, in six books. Reprint edition. M .: Book, 1989.
Links
- V.N. Storozhev . Closer // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1893. - T. Xa. - S. 839.