Terrain plan - a kind of topographic map ; drawing of a small area on a large scale. Plans are used by tourists, utilities and emergency services, in agriculture and in other places where you need to navigate the terrain and study sites. Through plans they teach children to move in azimuth , orienteering , the basics of topographic surveys .
The scale of the plans is so large that the sphericity of the Earth does not interfere.
The terrain plan is the result of a topographic or contour survey.
The terrain plan, depending on whether the terrain is shown on it, is divided into:
- topographic plan - it shows both the situation (relative position, contours of objects) and the relief (in the form of solid contours); is the result of a topographic survey ;
- situational (contour) plan - it shows only the situation; is the result of horizontal (planned, contour) shooting.
To compile a contour plan of the terrain, the following shooting methods are mainly used:
- polar method (polar coordinate method, polar direction method);
- the way of perpendiculars (ordinates, rectangular coordinates);
- method of bipolar coordinates ( serifs );
- method of sections (measurements);
- workaround.
Special cases of terrain plans
- Household map of the city [1] .
- Sports card - for orienteering .
Differences between terrain plans and topographic maps
| Terrain plan | Topographic map | |
|---|---|---|
| Scale and Frames | Any convenient framework, often measuring 40x40 cm or 50x50 cm. The scale is larger than 1: 5000 (inclusive). | In accordance with the nomenclature of topographic maps . The scale is smaller than 1: 10000 (inclusive). |
| Coordinates | Not georeferenced; only the north direction is indicated - with the arrow or top of the map. Therefore, the plan is unsuitable for precision shooting . Tied to the planned coordinates, there is a kilometer grid. | There is a degree and kilometer grid; For any object, you can find out the exact geographical coordinates. |
| Secrecy | Due to the lack of reference to geographical coordinates is not a secret. However, engineering communications schemes, land plots, etc. are available for official use. | Topographic maps have until recently been secret [2] . The largest scale of 1: 50,000 is declassified in parts. |
| Degree of detail | Quite a lot of local landmarks are indicated, down to individual trees. | They try to get by with landmarks that do not disappear over the years - for example, with buildings. |