Crane ( Belorussian. Crane ; Ukrainian. Crane, Vesti Crane [1] ) - Belarusian, Cossack, Russian, Ukrainian dance-game, where the main character was the "crane" [2] [3] [4] . Performed to music with a size of 2/4 or 4/4 [2] [5] . It comes from the round dance and is one of the oldest Slavic dances [3] . Until the 19th century, it was part of a magical rite at weddings [6] , also associated with caroling [5] .
| Crane | |
|---|---|
| Direction | doubles folk |
| The size | 2/4 or 4/4 |
| The origins | Slavic spring or wedding ritual dance |
| see also | |
| Annunciation day | |
Content
Description
Several girls dance, others protect them from the "cranes" (guys), sing, for example, in the Belarusian version:
Pasey I'm flax, a canapel
Pour the crane ...
If the guys caught the girls, they sang all together:
Ішлі boys with a heavy,
Pіlі smalu dzyazhoyu ...
In another embodiment, the performers slowly raise either their right or left foot, imitating the steps of a crane [3] . In the center of the circle is a guy - a crane. If couples swirl, the "crane" seeks to wrest some girl from the hands of a gentleman. Girls sing:
Yes ўnadzіўsya crane
Yes yes our canapels
Tak-taki chubats,
So-so-so nasat! ...
When the girls shout: “Hapai, crane!” - he should grab the girl by the hand and dance with her one circle. "Crane" in the circle remains a guy without a pair.
The zoomorphic image of the crane is common among many peoples: among the Siberian Finno-Ugrians, among the Eastern Slavs, in the Baltic countries, Germany and Romania. The same image of a dressed actor who wears a bird's head with a long beak is considered to be a crane in the east and south-west of Ukraine, while in the north-west, as well as in Poland, it is a stork. The semantic similarity, and sometimes interchangeability of both of these migratory birds can be traced in the materials of ritual choreography [7] .
D. M. Bantysh-Kamensky in his History of Lesser Russia (first edition: 1822) noted that the Cranes begin to lead after the fact of the bride’s chastity has been established [8] [9] (rite of passage “chime”). He briefly described the action itself:
Beginning a walk, drinking, Crane . All guests hold hands tightly, dance and sing:
- That vnadevshis (habituated) crane.
- That to our hemp,
- Taki, the same crane
- Taki, tsibatiy,
- Taki, the same, nosaty ... [1]
The historian noted the "nonsense" and "indecency" of the further verses of the song, accusing the "drunken women" who performed it [10] .
The performance of the Crane during the “chimes” (Ukrainian wedding ceremony) was likely to ensure a successful process of conception and procreation. F. Volkov gave such a characteristic of this wedding dance among Ukrainians: “This is the kind of circle, the Bulgarian horo, the performance of which is accompanied by various erotic movements, such as grabbing one another for pudenda (genitals).” This can explain the special attention to the genitals and sexual intercourse [11] .
Game
The game "At the Crane" is also known, in which the characters were the "mother", "crane" and "children". "Mother" is talking to a "crane" who wants to catch and eat "children". The "crane" grabs the "children", they catch the thief and peck his fingers on the top of the head. The same thing is done with the "mother", if she did not save the "children". In dances and games about cranes, ancient beliefs in the cult of birds (animal totemism ) are manifested. According to the observations of N. N. Nikolsky, in Polesie the crane was considered to be the “bearer of all good” [12] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Bantysh-Kamensky, 1903 , p. 599.
- ↑ 1 2 Brief Dictionary of Dancing, 2015 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Churko, 1972 .
- ↑ Sukhorukov, 1867–1872 .
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopedia of the BSSR, 1981 .
- ↑ Living Old, 2003 .
- ↑ Kurochkin, 2002 , p. 72.
- ↑ Kurochkin, 2002 , p. 73.
- ↑ Bantysh-Kamensky, 1842 , p. 79.
- ↑ Kurochkin, 2003 , p. 12.
- ↑ Kurochkin, 2003 , p. 13.
- ↑ Vine, 1989 , p. 196–197.
Literature
- Bantysh-Kamensky, D.N. History of Lesser Russia: 3 hours - M .: Printing house of Nikolai Stepanov, 1842. - 324 p.
- Bantysh-Kamensky, D. N. History of Lesser Russia from the deployment of the Slavs in this country to the destruction of Hetmanism in 3 parts . - K .: South Russian Book Publishing House by F. A. Johanson, 1903. - 609 p.
- Kurochkin A.V. Archaic wedding dance-game "Crane" // Living Old. No. 1, 2003. - . - M. , 2003. - No. 1 . - S. 12-14 .
- Kurochkin O. V. Archaic spring dance-gras "Crane" ("Busel") // Science notes of NaUKMA: Theory and history of culture . - K .: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, 2002. - T. 20–21 . - S. 71–75 . - ISSN 1996-5931 . (Ukrainian)
- Lozka A. Yu. Zhuravel // Ethnographic Belarus: Encyclapedia / Redkal. І. P. Shamyak (Ch. Ed.) І інш .. - Мн. : Belarusian Savetskaya encyclapedia, 1989. - S. 196–197 . - ISBN 5-85700-014-9 .
- Churko Yu.M. Belarusian folk dance: historical and theoretical essay . - Science and technology, 1972. - S. 132.
- State Republican Center for Russian Folklore of the Russian Federation. Living old . - Gos. Republican Center of Russian Folklore, 2003. - P. 14.
- CRANE (crane) // Brief Dictionary of Dances . - Flint, Science, 2015 .-- ISBN 9785457086333 .
- Sukhorukov V. D. Historical description of the land of the Don Army. - Novocherkask: Edition of the Military Statistical Committee, 1867–1872.
- Broŭka P. Belorussian SSR, brief encyclopedia: Population. Tongue. Ethnography. Folklore. Literature. Art. Architecture - Belarus. owls Encyclopedia, 1981. - P. 234. - (Belarusian SSR, short encyclopedia).
Links
- “The Crane” (Busel, Zhoraў) // Native Imagery. (belor.)
- Kurochkin A.V. Erotic folklore of Ukrainians // Zhivaya Starina, 2005, No. 3, p. 56-57.
- Dance "Crane" (youtube.com)
- Dance of the Kursk region "Crane" (youtube.com)
- "Having a crane". Ukrainian folk song (text)