Sangad Chalorieu ( Thai. สงัด ชล อ อยู่ ; March 4, 1915, Doem-Bang-Nang-Buat - November 23, 1980, Bangkok) is a Thai military leader and politician. Admiral of the Royal Navy . The commander in chief of the armed forces of Thailand in 1975-1976, the Minister of Defense in 1976-1977. The head of the National Military Council of the reform of the state - the military junta, which came to power as a result of the Tammasat massacre and the coup d'etat on October 6, 1976 .
Sangad Chaloria | |||||||
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thai ชล อ อยู่ | |||||||
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Monarch | Rama IX | ||||||
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Predecessor | Seni Pramot | ||||||
Successor | Lek Naeomali | ||||||
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Predecessor | Crete Siwara | ||||||
Successor | Kamon Dachatungha | ||||||
Birth | March 4, 1915 Doem bang nang buat | ||||||
Death | November 23, 1980 (65 years old) Bangkok | ||||||
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Content
Admiral-Minister
He graduated from the University of Rajabhat in Bangkok , then the Royal Naval Academy and the University of National Defense of Thailand . He served in the Thai Navy .
In November 1973 - commander of the Navy with the rank of admiral . From October 1, 1975 - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Thailand (the first representative of the fleet in this post). He enjoyed great prestige as a highly professional military sailor [1] .
On September 25, 1976 , in an atmosphere of escalating political crisis and impending violence, Prime Minister Seni Pramot appointed Admiral Chalorie as Minister of Defense. In this post, Sangad Chalorie replaced General Cenivans Tavit, a supporter of the restoration of the authoritarian regime. Chaloria was known for his more moderate views, and the liberal prime minister Pramot relied on his loyalty.
Tammasat coup
On October 6, 1976, the Tammasat Massacre took place - the storming of Tammasat University in Bangkok by police, troops and anti-communist militants . Several dozen left-wing activists and supporters of the Communist Party were killed on the spot. Mass demonstrations of right-wing forces began in the capital, calling for the king and military command to take power into their own hands. Seni Pramot resigned. The power passed to the National Military Council of the Reform of the State ( Council of Administrative Reform ) - the military junta headed by the Minister of Defense Chalorie [2] .
The government cannot rule. In order to save Thailand from being seized by the communists and to protect the monarchy, the council takes power into its own hands.
Sangad Chaloria, October 6, 1976 [3]
The “post-Sammasat” regime gained a reputation as the most right, authoritarian, and tough in the political history of Thailand in the 20th century [4] .
In the previous post
On October 6-8, 1976, Chaloria officially stood at the head of the government. A day after the coup, the well-known lawyer Tanin Kraivicien , an extreme conservative anti-communist , an active member of the monarchist movement, was approved by the Prime Minister as the Ninth Force [5] . With the extreme right of the premier, Chaloria retained the same post of Minister of Defense, which he held under the Liberal. He played an important role in tough stabilization measures and the suppression of pro-communist insurgency.
At the end of January 1977 an armed clash occurred between Thailand and Kampuchea Polpotovskaya [6] . Polpotovskiy troops massacred in three Thai border villages (mainly for ideological reasons). The response was a counter-strike by the Thai army with a raid on Kampuchea. (Subsequently, after the overthrow of the Pol Pot regime, the Thai territory, with the sanction of Chalorie, was provided under the base of the Khmer Rouge for armed struggle against the Vietnamese troops.)
Re-coup
The political course of Prime Minister Kraivichien was extremely ideological. This exacerbated contradictions, repelled various social strata from the government, worsened relations with the United States , because the Jimmy Carter administration ran a campaign to protect human rights and condemned anti-communist repression in Thailand. On October 20, 1977, the military leadership removed Kraivićen from power. The new government was headed by General Kriangsak Chamamanan [7] .
Although the removal of Kraivichien was authorized by Chaloria, he did not get a post in the new government. Admiral Chalorieu continued his state-political activities as a royal adviser (as well as Kraivicien) and a member of the national military council. In general, under the Chamamanan government, Chaloria’s influence has declined. Three years later, Admiral Chaloria passed away.
The coup of October 6, 1976 - an important milestone in the history of Thailand - is associated with the name Sangada Chaloria. However, there is a reasonable point of view, which states that the admiral was not his initiator and real leader. It is assumed that the action was organized and carried out by such figures as Kriangsak Chamamanan , Samak Suntharavet , Sudsai Hassadin , Chalermchay Matchchaml - more politicized and more rigidly minded. This is indirectly confirmed on October 20, 1977 and subsequent events.
Notes
- กองทัพ เรือ รำลึก 'จอ ว์ ส ใหญ่ (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is April 12, 2014. Archived April 13, 2014.
- ↑ The Bangkok creative class has rebelled for the royal elite. The usual case
- ↑ THAILAND: A Nightmare of Lynching and Burning
- Ley Handley, Paul M. The King Never Smiles: Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10682-3
- ↑ The Violence and The October 6, 1976 Coup: Intention & Brutality Archived March 8, 2014.
- ↑ THAILAND'S KAMPUCHEA INCIDENTS TERRITORIAL DISPUTES AND ARMED CONFRONTATION ALONG THAI-KAMPUCHEAN FRONTIER (with special reference to the Prachinburi-Battambang border)
- Milit I militari al potere a Bangkok Con un colpo di Stato indolore Archived March 4, 2016.