Chinese Wisteria ( Latin Wisteria sinensis ) is a decorative woody plant native to China, a species of dicotyledonous flowering plants of the genus Wisteria ( Wisteria ) of the legume family ( Fabaceae ).
| Chinese Wisteria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wisteria sinensis ( Sims ) DC. , 1825 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Botanical Description
Chinese Wisteria - a woody vine , reaching 20-25 m in height. Stems twisted counterclockwise, young twigs covered with whitish pubescence, then bare. The leaves are alternate, unpaired, divided into 7β13 leaves, each of which is narrowly egg-shaped, with a rounded or slightly wedge-shaped base, 5β8 Γ 2β4 cm, on both sides originally pinned.
Cystic inflorescences appear on the tops of twigs or in the axils of the leaves of two-year-old shoots, large, multi-flowered, up to 30 cm long, white-pubescent. Flowers 2-2.5 cm long, fragrant. Corolla of the moth type , blue-violet, occasionally white. Calyx is bell - shaped, five-toothed, white-pubescent. Nine lower stamens are fused, the upper is free. Pestle curved up, ovary pubescent, with six to eight ovules.
The fruit is a bean covered with dense velvety pubescence, not falling for a long time, 10-15 Γ 1.5-2 cm. Seeds of one to three in a bean, brown, shiny, about 1.5 cm in diameter.
It blooms in nature in spring, from April to May, bears fruit from May to August. The plant vegetates for about 150 days. It withstands lowering air temperatures to -20 ΒΊΠ‘.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Range
Chinese Wisteria naturally grows in mountain forests (at an altitude of 500-1800 m above sea level) in central and eastern China ( Anhui , Fujian , Guangxi , Hebei , Henan , Hubei , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Shaanxi , Shanxi and Shandong ) and in Japan .
Value
This type of wisteria in culture since 1816. Numerous decorative varieties and hybrids have been created. Wisteria Γ formosa is a hybrid of Chinese Wisteria and Abundantly flowering Wisteria .
It is used in the southern regions for vertical gardening, and is decorative with its many fragrant blue-lilac flowers. Propagated by seeds, layering, cuttings. In Russia, it is sometimes used on the Black Sea coast.
All parts of the plant are poisonous, contain glycoside Wistarin .
Taxonomy
Chinese Wisteria was first described by the English botanist John Sims in the 46th issue of Botanical Magazine , published July 2, 1819, as part of the genus Glycine . In 1825 it was transferred to the Wisteria genus by Augustin Pyram Decandol .
| families Istodovye , Surianovye and Quillayevye (according to APG III System ) | about 6 more species and several hybrids | ||||||||||||
| beanaceous order | genus Wisteria | ||||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | Bean family | Chinese Wisteria | |||||||||||
| another 58 orders of flowering plants ( APG III System ) | more than 900 births, the closest - Milletia , Piscidia , Tephrosia | ||||||||||||
Synonyms
- Glycine sinensis Sims, 1819 basionym
- Kraunhia floribunda var. sinensis (Sims) Makino , 1911
- Millettia sinensis (Sims) Benth. , 1852
- Rehsonia sinensis (Sims) Stritch , 1984
- Wisteria consequana Loudon , 1830
- Wisteria praecox Hand.-Mazz. , 1921
Notes
- β For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
Literature
- Zhi Wei; Les Pedley. 75. Wisteria Nuttall // Flora of China. - Vol. 10 .-- P. 188.
- B.N. Golovkin, L.A. Kitaeva, and E.P. Nemchenko. Decorative plants of the USSR. - M .: "Thought", 1986. - S. 183-184.
Links
- Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet Wisteria floribunda (Willd) DC (English) . IPCS Poisons Information Monograph (PIM) 564 . IPCS . Date of treatment August 23, 2014. Archived August 23, 2014.
- Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet // ILDIS World Database of Legumes. (English) (Retrieved August 23, 2014)