Sredska (also упupa , Sredska упupa , Prizrenskaya упupa [~ 1] [1] ; Serb. Sredachka упupa / Sredačka Župa ) is a historical region (упupa [~ 2] [2] ) in South Metohija , located on the northern border with Macedonia the slopes of the Shar Planina massif. The territory of Sredska Zupa is located within the Prizren community of the Prizren district according to both the administrative-territorial division of the autonomous region of Kosovo and Metohija (as part of Serbia ) - the Prizren district in the autonomous region of Kosovo and Metohija , and the administrative-territorial division of the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo - the Prizren district in the Republic of Kosovo . In the region, there are such villages as Verkhniy Lubin , Gorne-Selo , Draichichi , Zhivinyan , Lokvitsa , Manastiritsa , Mushnikovo , Nebregoshte , Nizhny Lyubin , Planyan , Rechane , Sredska and Struzhe [3] [4] . From the west, Sredska borders on the Syrianichy Zhupa , from the north - with Podgora , and from the east - with Opole [5] .
Content
General information
The terrain is mountainous, Sredska is located on the northern slopes of the Shar Planina, the total area of the region is 162.82 square meters. km Mountain pastures prevail (92 km² or 56.7% of the territory), forests account for 40 km² or 24.6%, arable land - 17 km² or 10.4%, meadows - 8 km² or 4.9%, orchards and vineyards - 0, 57 km² or 0.4%. The Prizrenskaya Bystrica River flows through the territory of Sredskaya Zhupa.
Population
The population of Sredskaya Zhupa is one of the South Slavic Muslim ethnic groups - sredans, or zhuplyans , close to the pre-Kamchatians and Gorans living near them [6] . It is typical for the sorcerers to be aware of the difference from other groups of Islamized Slavs of Kosovo and the preservation of regional identity - the sreds call themselves either "Nashinets", "Nashensky", or "sredyan" ("Zhuplyanin"), sometimes in their place of residence as "Lyubinets", "non-Bregastin" , "Rechan", etc. (resident of the villages of Lower or Upper Lubin, Nebregoshte, Rechane, etc.), in the broad sense, they identify themselves as Bosnians (while realizing their difference from Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnians ), very rarely - like Turks and Albanians with their native Bosnian language [7] . Both Muslim Muslims and Christian Christians (who lived together in 1999 in some villages of Zhupy ) speak a dialect , some differences are typical for villages bordering Opole and for villages located along the Bystritsa River [4] . Until 1999, the name of the Strecka region was used mainly by the Serbs , the name упupa was common among both Serbs and Muslim Slavs. The name “Zhuplyanin” as a designation of the Slavic Muslim part of the population of Sredska Zhupa arose after 1999 as a contrast to Christian Serbs [1] , in recent decades, Serbs, in turn, began to call Muslim Slavs Torbeshs , just as the Macedonians are called Islamic Slavs [8] .
For mediators living in mountainous regions in an Albanian environment in conditions of relative isolation, the preservation of archaic features in the language, in the elements of folklore, the preservation of ancient customs and traditions are characteristic.
The ethnic composition in the villages of Sredskaya Zhupa according to the 2011 census:
| Villages | National composition | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanians | Serbs | Turks | Bosnians | other | Total | |
| Upper Lubin | _ | _ | _ | 1 873 | 44 | 1 925 |
| Gorne Village | 12 | 9 | _ | 268 | 3 | 292 |
| Dreichichi | 28 | 26 | _ | 95 | _ | 151 |
| Zhivinyan | _ | five | _ | _ | _ | 5 [~ 3] |
| Lokvitsa | one | five | _ | 330 | _ | 339 |
| Manastiritsa | _ | _ | _ | 1 106 | _ | 1 107 |
| Mushnikovo | 900 | 47 | _ | 143 | four | 1,133 |
| Nebregoshte | one | _ | _ | 577 | _ | 579 |
| Lower Lubin | five | _ | _ | 1,178 | 17 | 1 227 |
| Planians | eleven | four | 7 | 1080 | _ | 1 104 |
| Rechan | 2 | _ | 2 | 944 | 2 | 951 |
| Sredska | 9 | 58 | 2 | _ | _ | 69 |
| Chips | 102 | _ | _ | _ | _ | 102 |
History
As a result of the resettlement of the Slavs in the Balkans in the VI-VIII centuries, a Slavic population developed on the territory of modern Sredsky Zhupa. In 865, the Bulgarian prince Boris and all his power, of which Sredska was a part, converted to Christianity. From the middle of the 15th century, a long process of Islamization of the population of Sredsky Zhupa began, associated with the inclusion of South Metohija, which is inhabited by modern Muslim Slavic groups, in the Ottoman state [9] , and Islamization was not completely completed in Sredskiy Zhupa. Islam was accepted only by residents of mountainous areas adjacent to the Mountain and Opole . Residents of villages located in the Bystrica river valley remained Christians. In addition, part of the population of Muslim villages continued to adhere to Orthodoxy [10] . The continuity of the medieval Serbian and modern Slavic-Muslim population is expressed in the preservation of medieval toponyms and microtoponyms of this region (most of the names of modern settlements are mentioned in letters from Serbian rulers from the 14th century as ethnically Serbian, contrasted with neighboring Albanian and Vlash villages) [11] .
After 1999, as a result of migration of Serbs [1] , only one Serbian village Sredska and a village with a mixed Bosnian-Albanian-Serbian population - Dreichichi - remained in the region, a small group of Serbs lives in the village of Mushnikovo [12] . The Albanian population predominates in Struzhe, some of them are descendants of the Albanians who moved here in the 18th century, and some are Islamized and Albanized Serbs [8] .
In the period 1918-1940, Sredskaya Zhupa was singled out as an administrative region of the kingdom of Yugoslavia with a center in the village of Sredska . In the SFRY, Sredskaya Zhupa became part of the Prizren community.
See also
- Rafchane
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ Among the local population, such names of the Sredsk region as Stretska , less often Sretechka Zhupa , Sredachka Zhupa are also common, after 1999 the name Prizrenska Zhupa was used.
- ↑ Zhupa - an association of clan communities that formed part of a tribe or a small tribe, among the southern and, probably, among the western Slavs in the Early Middle Ages . During the period of the formation of feudal states, the administrative unit of a lower order, which included several neighboring communities headed by the district, began to be called a jupa. At present, a number of historical regions in Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro and Serbia are called zhupas, and the name Zupa is also represented in these countries as a toponym .
- ↑ According to the 1991 census, 39 people lived in Zhivinyan. According to the 2011 census, no one lives in the village.
- Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 Mladenovic, 2012 , p. 124.
- ↑ Zhupa // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia : At 16 vol. / Editor-in-chief E. M. Zhukov . - M .: " Soviet Encyclopedia ", 1961-1976. - T. 5. (Retrieved April 3, 2014)
- ↑ Selishchev A.M. Prizren Mountain and Sredskaya and Syrinichy Zhupa // Polog and its Bulgarian population. Historical, ethnographic and dialectological essays of northwestern Macedonia (with an ethnographic map of Polog). - II phototype publication. - Sofia: Science and Art, 1981. - S. 410.
- ↑ 1 2 Mladenovich, 2012 , p. 129-130.
- ↑ Mladenoviћ R. Shar Planina and жene жupe in the Kosovo – Metohí region of South Srbiјe // Goranzi, Muslimimi and Turkey in the Sharplaninsky zhupama Srbiјe: problems of sad conditions of the abdomen and cessation: a collection of academic year 19 april science and skills / (organizer) Srpska academy science and skills, Audition for the Kosovo and Metohije (and) Geographic Institute “«ovan Zviјiћ” / Milan Bursa. - Beograd: Geographical Institute “Јovan Zviјiћ” SANU, 2000. - P. 9. (Retrieved April 3, 2014)
- ↑ Mladenovich R. Speaks of three Muslim Slavic ethno-cultural groups in the south-west of Kosovo and Metohija (Languages and dialects of small ethnic groups in the Balkans: Abstracts at the International Scientific Conference) P. 27. St. Petersburg. : Institute of Linguistic Studies, RAS (2004). (Retrieved April 3, 2014)
- ↑ Mladenovich, 2012 , p. 122.
- ↑ 1 2 Mladenovich, 2012 , p. 125.
- ↑ Martynova M. The Kosovo Problem: Ethnic Factor . Polit.ru (October 12, 2009). (Retrieved April 3, 2014)
- ↑ Mladenovich, 2012 , p. 118-119.
- ↑ Mladenovich, 2012 , p. 124-125.
- ↑ Data access. Population. Display data in the selected year (2011). Kosovo Detail municipality. Dragash Kosovo Agency of Statistics (2012). Archived on April 4, 2014. (Retrieved April 3, 2014)
Literature
Mladenovich R. In Search of Ethnic Definition - Slavic Muslim Groups in the South-West of Kosovo and Metohija // Edited by Robert D. Greenberg and Motoki Nomachi. Slavia Islamica. Language, Religion and Identity (Slavic Eurasian Studies No.25). - Sapporo: Slavic Research Center. Hokkaido University, 2012 .-- pp . 165-147 . (Retrieved April 3, 2014)
Links
- Home Page . Sredačka Župa. (Retrieved April 3, 2014)