Zaika, Victor Evgenevich

Parents

Victor Zaika was born on May 2, 1936 in the capital of Buryatia , in the city of Ulan-Ude . Parents were from different parts of the Soviet Union .

Father, Zaika Yevgeny Dmitrievich ( 1905 ) - the grandson of the Ukrainian Cossack , worked as a livestock specialist . Mother, Shambueva Elena Badmaevna ( 1905 - 1952 ), was born in western Buryatia in a large Buryat family, worked as a veterinarian. We went to work to our mother's homeland, to the capital of Buryatia, the city of Ulan-Ude . From there they were sent in a group of specialists to neighboring Mongolia . There they were preparing to send cattle to the Union , which was distilled in large quantities by an interstate treaty. In addition to the main work, they also helped introduce the Soviet order and culture. For example, they taught the Mongols to bury the corpses of people in the ground, although the Mongols had a custom to take the corpses outside the village and leave them to be devoured by beasts and crows.

Early years

Parents returned to Ulan-Ude , soon Victor Zaika was born. But then came the year 1937 , when the "organs" began to search diligently for whom to plant and for what. In particular, both grandfathers of Viktor were planted. One in Ukraine, the other in Buryatia. Both never returned. It was the turn of the parents: on the occasion of the mass mortality of livestock brought from Mongolia, they began to identify probable pests, and they were called in for questioning.

At the age of six, Victor Zaika was brought by his parents closer to Europe to the North Caucasus . So they were in Pyatigorsk , where they found the war. The disabled father was not mobilized , the family could not evacuate and everyone remained in the city when the Germans occupied it. In the apartment began to settle Germans. Parents knew German well, and it helped to survive. The occupation lasted several months. Grandma drove Victor under the Germans to baptize secretly from a communist mother, one of the first Komsomol members of Buryatia.

Study

Soon the mother decided to return to her homeland. Upon arrival, my mother began to look for work, but there were no suitable places in the capital, and there was a problem with the documents: the mother came from the occupied zone , and even without a membership card . Then they moved to Novoselenginsk , a large village where Decembrists once lived in exile. We lived in a large area of ​​a veterinary clinic, where Victor's mother commanded. It was going to spring, and Victor was identified in the first class. Problems appeared at the end of the school year - they gave only a certificate, they said that they did not give a report card for two months of study, but they assured that they would be admitted to the second grade.

In the city of Ulan-Ude, on Sovetskaya Street, there is the No. 1 men's high school. Victor entered the school as a fourth-grade student, and went to it until graduation, until 1953 . He studied well and was forgiven for frequent and long passes: the mother was afraid to leave her son and took him on business trips. So Victor visited all regions of the republic, helped to give injections to cows, to castrate piglets. When mother taught on courses at Shchuch'ye Lake twice, she even prompted students.

In 1952 , when Victor moved to the tenth grade, his mother died. Victor began to live in the family of his uncle. When he was completing his studies, Stalin died, and the whole class took turns around the clock on duty around the statue with automatic machines.

A relative, who studied in Leningrad in graduate school of the Zoological Institute, came on vacation. She strongly advised to submit documents to Leningrad State University , since Moscow State University will only populate new buildings, and take for study those who built these buildings.

Victor sent documents to LSU . I received no answer, and decided to go in August. I got to Leningrad . Victor went to enter the LSU on the biofak.

Victor had a silver medal, and the guy from Siberia , and even a medalist, was well received. At the interview they asked: “Whom do you want to become?” Victor replied: “ Michurin in zoology”. The next question was: "Do you agree to go to the kolkhoz before September?" Victor decided that he was probably taken to study, and answered in the affirmative.

After the first course and educational practice again asked to the collective farm . He worked as a carpenter and he was even invited to the student brigade - "Sabbath." Suddenly, a telegram came from a relative — a graduate student from the Zoological Institute (ZIN) : “Come urgently. There is work in Zina. ” So Victor got on the first expedition to the Karelian Isthmus to a parasitologist who examined collective farm cattle. After the end of the expedition, it was recommended for the second, to study the parasites of fish in the Volga delta . A group of four people went there, and two more people came for a while, including the future academician and director of ZIN, B.Ye.Bykhovsky. There, Victor learned how to investigate parasites in the field and was late by the beginning of the semester, but he was given a certificate with an explanation.

Coursework after the third year and thesis, Victor served in the Novgorod region in the village Yazhelbitsy . There was a lace factory and a large fish farm - the carp farm, in which the fish suffered from the disease - coccidiosis. He studied the causative agent of this disease, lived there for more than five months.

Meet Wife

Between two trips to Yazhelbitsy in the winter he met his future wife. After defending a diploma and visiting a military camp, they themselves issued diplomas and distributions. Victor was assigned to ZIN , and he and the bride went to her parents in Sochi .

By September, they returned to Leningrad , his wife went to study at the mathematics department of Leningrad State University , and Viktor began lab work in ZINA . Viktor was given a meeting at the Academic Dining Room with the M.I. Baikals. Beckman and G.I. Galaziy, who worked as director of the Baikal Limnological Station (WLAN). They offered to move to work at Larch at Baikal , and Victor agreed to come by September 1959 after an expedition to Amur ^[3] .

In the summer of six people, including parasitologists S.S. Shulman, Yu.A. Strelkova, and two students, went by train from Leningrad to Amur . Roamed the fish tones of Amur and Zeya . Were in Khabarovsk , in the Free. In August, Victor left the expedition, and was replaced by a Far Eastern student, S. M. Konovalov. He later, between the two Victor directors, was also the director of IBSS .

Returning to Leningrad , he quit and left his pregnant wife, went to Irkutsk , and from there to Listvyanka. Soon he got an apartment and called his wife. Victor traveled Baikal on boats in all directions. It landed in fishing places and studied fish parasites ^[3] .

Work in IBEm

Waiting for the improvement of his wife's health, he traveled by boat with a deck ticket to Sevastopol to the biostation to look for work. Victor was lucky, there was a junior researcher, and the director had long promised parasitologists to give a “unit”.

At first he lived without a family, rented a room (actually a kitchen) on Kiyanchenko Street. A neighbor in a two-apartment building turned out to be a cutter, boasting that he “sewed suits to Professor Ivlev.” The winter of 1962 in Sevastopol was heavily snowy, it was difficult to walk down Kiyanchenko Street, the legs were slipping all the time. By the summer of 1963 , Victor received one room at Kerchinskaya, and the family moved there. In 1964 , he received a two-room apartment on Kursantov Street (now Yefremov).

PhD thesis defense

After defending his thesis, he threw parasitology, because all friends were interested in general issues of marine ecology and did not want to hear about parasites. I got into the plankton department ^[3] and in 1966 I went on my first flight to the RV Mikhail Lomonosov . He visited Beirut , Karachi , Colombo , Singapore and returned through Vladivostok . Later he went twice to the sea on the “Academician A. Kovalevsky”, visited Naples , Civitavecchia (from where he traveled to Rome ), Malta , Barcelona , Venice , Messina . Once again I went to Lomonosov , this time to the Atlantic . Went to the old "Vityaz", was in Japan , again in Singapore , in Madang , Rabaul . After that, he sailed a lot on the “Professor of Watery.” Usually went to the head of the expedition, was in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean . Many times flew on foreign business trips. He flew to Paris six times, visited Turkey many times, in Antalya , in Ankara , in Messina , but more often in Istanbul ^[3] .

Doctoral thesis defense

He defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Specific Production of Aquatic Invertebrates” in 1971 at the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow .

Further V.E. Zaika was engaged in solving the problem of the comparative biological diversity of the biota of the Black Sea and the whole Mediterranean basin. These materials constitute the fundamental scientific base for the development of highly qualified scientific personnel. Among his students are 4 doctors and 20 candidates of science.

V.E. Zaika described more than 20 species of animals, later worked on the theory of animal growth, biological products, the energy balance of hydrobionts, the structure and functioning of marine communities. He was the first in the country to begin research on marine microzooplankton and phototrophic picoplankton, which were subsequently extensively developed. Long-term field studies of zoobenthos, experimental work on the division rate of single-celled organisms of different nature, on the growth of hydrobionts were carried out. Zoologists noted the contribution of V.Ye. Zayiki to taxometry , devoting three new species to his name. Of great importance are theoretical, mathematical and model developments in the field of allometric relations in the body.

To date, he has published 330 scientific papers, including several monographs , popular essays, as well as a book about the fish of the Black Sea , about the history of regional fisheries. The works of V.Ye. Zaika are widely cited, including in textbooks of ecology , hydrobiology , in foreign reports. He was engaged in editorial activities, participated in the work of the committees, commissions and scientific councils of the Southern Scientific Center and the Crimean Section of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He was a member of the Bureau of the Department of General Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, a member of the problem and expert councils of the National Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the State Committee for Science and Technology of the USSR, editorial boards of journals. From 1977 to 1982 and from 1993 to 1999 he was the director of IBSS . For many years he headed the benthos department of the institute, was the editor-in-chief of the collection Ecology of the Sea, and the chairman of the qualifying council of INBLI . At different periods of activity, he was among the members: the Interdepartmental Commission for the Black and Azov Seas, the Ministry of Environmental Safety, and an international expert group on marine biodiversity. In 2007 among other specialists of InBLM , the State Prize in the field of science and technology was awarded. In 2008 awarded the badge "For the Scientific Achievements of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine".

• Zaika V. Ye. Parasitofauna of fish of Lake Baikal. - Science, 1965.
• Zaika V.E. Specific production of aquatic invertebrates . - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1972. - 147 p. (inaccessible link)
• "Specific production of aquatic invertebrates" ( New York , Toronto - ed. " John Wiley & Sons ". 1973 )
• "Sevastopol Aquarium". - Simferopol: Tavriya, ed. 1- 1974 p.62, 2- 1978 p.64, 3- 1981 p.64, 4- 1988 p.64.
• "The biological structure and productivity of plankton communities of the Mediterranean Sea". - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1975 . - 219 s.
• “Distribution of marine microzooplankton” (in collaboration with V.K. Morenova, N.A. Ostrovskaya, A.V. Tsalkina). - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1976.– 92 p.
• " Black Sea ". - Simferopol: Tavriya, ed. 1- 1976 , 2- 1983 .- 96 p.
• "Comparative productivity of hydrobionites ". ( 1983 )
• "The balance theory of animal growth." - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1985 .- 191 p.
• Zaika V.E. Vertical distribution of autotrophic picoplankton in the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea // Oceanology. - 1986. - V. 26. - №. 1-3. - p. 282.
• Zaika V.E., Shevchenko V.A., Bulatov K.V. Ecology of marine phototrophic picoplankton . - Pushchino: Biological Research Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Pushchin, 1989. - 168 p. Archived copy of April 29, 2014 on Wayback Machine
• "The symbiosis of aquatic animals with algae." - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1991 141 p.
• "Black Sea fish and the record of their fishing." - Sevastopol: ECOSY-Hydrophysics 2008 . 118 s.
• Zaika V.E. Gravitational field of the Sevastopol biological station . - ECOSY-Hydrophysics, 2013. - 192 p. (inaccessible link) ^[4]

Sites

• The repository of the A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research RAS: Victor Zaika - bibliography
• Scientific journal "BIOSPHERE" (inaccessible link)
• Crimean Academy of Sciences
• Sevastopol City State Administration: MEMORABLE SIGN "FOR MERITS TO THE CITY"

Interview

• Victor Zaika: “About the sad stages of the gradual withering of the Black Sea fisheries” (Interview to the newspaper “Glory of Sevastopol”, September 2008) (not available link)
• Victor Zaika: “With hope for the best step into the future” (Interview to the newspaper “Glory of Sevastopol”, May 2011) (inaccessible link)
• “Will the Black Sea explode?” (Interview for “Trud.ru”, January 2000)

Articles on Zaika

• Writer and publicist Vladimir Baraev: "Meeting with a friend"
• “Journey to Yesterday's Day” M. Lezinsky, essay about Victor E. Zaika