Mir Malih Sultan-Khan ( English Mir Sultan Khan ; 1905 - April 25, 1966 ) - Indian chess player, the strongest in India and England in the late 1920s - early 1930s . Champion of India ( 1928 ) and England ( 1929 , 1932 , 1933 ); in the championship of England ( 1931 ) - 2–3 places. The team of England (1st board) participated in the Olympics (1930–1933).
 Mir Malih Sultan Khan | |
|---|---|
| Mir Malik Sultan Khan | |
 | |
| Country |  India  England |
| Date of Birth | 1905 |
| Place of Birth | Sargodha |
| Date of death | April 25, 1966 |
| Place of death | Sargodha |
Content
Biography
Sultan Khan was a late child in a large Indian family, in the varna - ksatriya . He was born in 1905 in the north of India in the village of Mitha Tavana near Sargodha [1] . At the age of nine, he became acquainted with the Indian variety of chess (in India, those years were still played according to the Shatranj rules) and already three years later under the guidance of his father, he achieved considerable success. After a while, he began to play chess professionally and at the age of 21 was considered the best player in the province [1] . At that time, Colonel Umar Hayat Khan drew attention to him - a rich chess patron of the arts, later adjutant of the English King George V [1] . He took him into his house and introduced him to the European rules of chess. Two years later, Sultan-Khan made his debut at the All-India Championship in Delhi ( 1928 ), which was held with the participation of the champions of India: N. Joshi, F. Kadilkara and M. Mehendale, where with a margin of 2½ points took 1st place (8½ out of 9) [2] [3] .
In the spring of 1929, Sultan Khan, who was among the accompanying colonel, went to London . There, Umar Hayat Khan, using his connections, achieved that Sultan Khan was admitted to the British Chess Club. The young man was patronized by multiple champion of England and club manager Edith Price (1872–1956). Thanks to her assistance, Sultan Khan began studying with the English master William Winter . Winter tried to help Sultan Khan, who lacked theoretical knowledge and tournament experience [4] .
After the success at the Championship of England, Sultan Khan gained European fame, which was also promoted by his exotic appearance, in particular the wearing of turbans .
In November 1929, he returned with the colonel to India and reappeared in England in May 1930 [2] .
His performances at international tournaments were held in triumph. Knowing only the rules of the game and not owning the theory of chess, Sultan Khan has achieved over five years the reputation of an outstanding chess player in the world.
He appeared in the tournament halls in the turban, for hours he calmly sat at the board and coolly won the matches and tournaments of his rivals - renowned chess players such as José Raul Capablanca , Saveli Tartakower , Osip Bernstein , Akiba Rubinstein , Salo Flor , and many others masters of the time.
Three times, Sultan-Khan became the champion of England (1929, 1932, 1933) and played the 1st board for England in the “ Tournament of Nations ” (1930, 1931 and 1933).
He successfully performed at tournaments in Scarborough (1930, 4–5 places), Liege (1930, 2 nd place), Hastings (1931/1932, 3 rd place), London (1932, 3–4 places ), Bern (1932, 4th place), Hastings (1932/1933, 3–4th places), Cambridge (1932, 1st place). In 1931, he won the match against Savely Tartakower (+4, –3, = 5).
At the end of 1933, the colonel returned to India with Sultan Khan. Little is known about the future of an outstanding chess player. In 1935, he played a match with the winner of the All-India tournament, Kadilkar. The match ends with a score of 9½: ½ in favor of Sultan Khan - and this ends his short chess career [5] . Under the will of Umar Hayat Khan, he receives some money and a piece of land [6] .
For the game Sultan Khan are characterized by dedication in the attack, perseverance in the protection of difficult positions, a deep understanding of the endgame.
Tournament and match results [3]
| Year | City | Tournament | + | - | = | Result | A place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | London | Tournament of four | one | four | one | 1½ out of 6 | 3-4 |
| Ramsgit | UK Championship | 6 | one | four | 8 of 11 | one | |
| 1930 | Scarborough | International Tournament | 6 | four | one | 6½ out of 11 | 4–5 |
| Hamburg | 3rd Olympiad | 9 | four | four | 11 of 17 | ||
| Liege | International Tournament | 6 | four | one | 6½ out of 11 | 2 | |
| 1930/1931 | Hastings | International Tournament | five | 2 | 2 | 6 of 9 | 3 |
| 1931 | Semmering | Match vs S. Tartakower | four | 3 | five | 6½ out of 12 | |
| Prague | 4th Olympiad | eight | 2 | 7 | 11½ out of 17 | ||
| Worcester | UK Championship | 7 | 3 | one | 7½ out of 11 | 2 | |
| 1931/1932 | Hastings | International Tournament | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4½ out of 9 | four |
| 1932 | London | International Tournament | 6 | 2 | 3 | 7½ out of 11 | 3-4 |
| London | Match vs S. Flora | one | 2 | 3 | 2½ out of 6 | ||
| Cambridge | International Tournament | four | 0 | 3 | 5½ out of 7 | one | |
| Berne | International Tournament | ten | 3 | 2 | 11 out of 15 | four | |
| London | UK Championship | 7 | 2 | 3 | 8½ out of 11 | one | |
| 1932/1933 | Hastings | International Tournament | five | 3 | one | 5½ out of 9 | 3-4 |
| 1933 | Folkestone | 5th Olympiad | four | four | 6 | 7 of 14 | |
| Hastings | UK Championship | 9 | one | one | 9½ out of 11 | one |
Results of personal encounters with grandmasters [3]
- Σ - the number of parties
- + - number of victories over Sultan Khan
| Enemy | Σ | + | - | = |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alekhin, Alexander | four | 3 | 0 | one |
| Bernstein, Osip | one | 0 | one | 0 |
| Bogolyubov, Efim | 2 | one | 0 | one |
| Vidmar, Milan | one | one | 0 | 0 |
| Grunfeld, Ernst | one | 0 | 0 | one |
| Capablanca, Jose | one | 0 | one | 0 |
| Marozi, Geza | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Marshall frank | one | 0 | one | 0 |
| Nimzowicz, Aron | one | one | 0 | 0 |
| Rubinstein, Akiba | four | 2 | one | one |
| Tartaker Savely | 14 | four | five | five |
| Flor, Salomon | eleven | four | 2 | five |
| Stahlberg, Gideon | 2 | one | 0 | one |
| Euwe, Max | 3 | one | 0 | 2 |
Interesting Facts
- From the beginning to the end of the game I sat without getting up [5] .
- Indian chess player Dastgir, the nephew of Sultan Khan, participated in the winter side event in Hastings in 1968 [5] .
Literature
- Chess Dictionary / ch. ed. L. Ya. Abramov ; status G. M. Geiler . - M .: Physical Culture and Sports , 1964. - P. 348. - 120 000 copies.
- Raczynski J. Stranger from the suite of the colonel. // "64 - Chess Review". - 1982. - № 14. - p. 26–27.
- Matsukevich A. A brilliant amateur. // Chess in the USSR. - 1988. - № 9. - p. 22–25.
- Chess: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A. E. Karpov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - P. 390–391. - 624 s. - 100 000 copies - ISBN 5-85270-005-3 .
- Matsukevich A. Comet Sultan Khan. - M. , 2003. - 256 p. ( Great chess players of the world ). ISBN 5-7905-1736-6 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Anatoly Matsukevich. Chapter one. The years 1929-1933. “Ein begabter Naturspieler” // Comet Sultan Khan. - M .: RIPOL CLASSIC, 2003. - p. 9. - 256 p. - ISBN 5-7905-1736-6 .
- ↑ 1 2 Anatoly Matsukevich // Comet Sultan Khan. P. 10
- ↑ 1 2 3 Anatoly Matsukevich. Chapter Seven. Strokes to the portrait. Additions and references // Comet Sultan Khan. - M .: RIPOL CLASSIC, 2003. - p. 241—246. - 256 s. - ISBN 5-7905-1736-6 .
- ↑ Anatoly Matsukevich. Chapter Two Years 1929. Acquaintance // Comet Sultan Khan. - M .: RIPOL CLASSIC, 2003. - p. 15. - 256 p. - ISBN 5-7905-1736-6 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Anatoly Matsukevich // Comet Sultan Khan. P. 11
- ↑ Anatoly Matsukevich // Comet Sultan Khan. P. 12
Links
- Party of Peace Maliha Sultan Khan in the database (eng.)
- Personal card of the World Maliha Sultan Khan on the site 365chess.com (English)
- Speeches of the World Maliha Sultan Khan at the Chess Olympiads