5th of April

“ On the river on Qingming Day ” (fragment of a 15-foot scroll of the XII century)

See also: Category: Holidays April 5

International

• International Soup Day ^[2] .

National

• Malaysia Hong Kong Macau Republic of China - Commemoration of the Dead .
• Republic of Korea - Planting Day .
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Independence Day .

Religious

Catholicism

• memory of St. Catalina Thomas ;
• memory of St. ;
• memory of ;
• memory of St. Vincent Ferrer ;
• memory of Albert of Montecorvino ;
• memory of St. Derfel Gadarna ;
• memory of Ethelburg of Kent ;
• memory of ;
• memory of .

  Orthodoxy ^{[3] [4]}

• memory of the Monk Martyr Nikon, Bishop of Sicily and 199 of his disciples (251);
• memory of St. Nikon, hegumen of Kiev Pechersk (1088);
• the memory of the martyr Philith and his wife Lydia, the martyrs of Macedon, Theoprepius (Bogolepost), Kronid and Amphilochius (117-138);
• memory of the martyr Basil of Mangazeysky (1600);
• memory of the holy martyr Makarius Kvitkin , presbyter (1931);
• memory of the holy martyr Stephen Preobrazhensky , presbyter (after 1937);
• memory of the holy martyr Vasily Koklin , presbyter; Rev. Martyr Elijah (Vyatlin) , hieromonk; Rev. Martyrs Anastasia Bobkova , Barbara Konkina , novices; martyr Alexy Skorobogatov (1938);
• memory of St. Sergius (Srebryansky) , archimandrite (1948).

Name Day

• Catholic: Albert , Vincent , Derfel , Catherine , (D) Gerald, Maria , Ruadan, Ethelburg , Juliana .
• Orthodox: Alexey , Amfilohiy, Anastasia , Bogolep , Varvara , Vasily , Ilya , Kronid, Lydia , Macarius , Macedon, Nikon , Pelagia , Sergey , Stefan , Feoprepiy, Filit ^{[3] [4]} .

See also: Category: April 5 events

Until the 18th century

• 56 year BC e. - in Luke, the Roman triumviras Caesar , Crassus and Pompey divided the power among themselves (First Roman Triumvirate).
• 456 - St. Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary .
• 1242 - Battle of the Ice (Battle of Lake Peipsi ). The battle of Novgorod and Vladimir led by Alexander Nevsky against the knights of the Livonian Order .
• 1340 - The Arab fleet defeated the Spanish squadron in the Strait of Gibraltar .
• 1398 - Germans knocked out pirates ( Vitali brothers ) from the island of Gotland .
• 1453 - The Turkish sultan Mehmed II launched a siege of Constantinople , which he captured at the end of May.
• 1652 - an expedition led by the Dutchman Jan Van Riebek arrived at Cape of Good Hope .

18th century

• 1710 - Philip Orlik in the city of Bender signed the "Charter of the Zaporizhzhya Army."
• 1716 - Antoine Udar de Lamotte and Anna Dacier met at a dinner party and raised their glasses in honor of the greatness of Homer , thus completing one of the central literary controversies in 18th century French literature.
• 1722 - The expedition of the Dutch admiral Jacob Roggeven discovered the island in the Pacific Ocean , called Easter Island .
• 1772 - the Parisian parliament refused the playwright Pierre Beaumarchais to inherit a large sum of money bequeathed to him by his companion Paris-Duverne.
• 1792 - George Washington applied the first presidential veto in US history.
• 1793 - Jean-Paul Marat elected president of the Jacobin club .
• 1794 - the leaders of the Jacobins Georges Danton , Camille Demoulins and others, arrested by order of Robespierre, were executed.
• 1795 - France and Prussia signed a peace treaty in Basel .

XIX century

• 1804 - under unclear circumstances, a French general Charles Charles Pishegru , leader of the conspiracy against Napoleon, was killed in a Paris prison.
• 1806 - The Spaniards stopped the boycott of food supplies to the Russian settlements of Alaska .
• 1812 - Russia and Sweden entered into an agreement on joint actions against France .
• 1814 - after the generals refused to lead the army to Paris, occupied by the allied forces - Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain - the French Emperor Napoleon I abdicated the throne, but the abdication was not accepted by the allied command.
• 1815 - the eruption of the Tambora volcano on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia began , lasting a week. One of the largest volcanic eruptions in human history (the volume of lava and ash reached 180 cubic kilometers). Killed 92,000 people.
• 1818
  • near Santiago ( Chile ), the South American troops of Jose Marti defeated the Spanish army.
  • the battle of Maypus , which put an end to Spanish rule in Chile .
  • in Paris, Baron Carl de Drez demonstrated the first two-wheeled vehicle (prototype of a bicycle ).
• 1843 - Hong Kong declared possession of Britain.
• 1895 - Oscar Wilde lost the case in court on charges of defamation of the Marquis of Queensberry , who accused the writer of homosexuality .
• 1896 - the first modern Olympic Games began in Athens (April 6-15). The first Olympic champion on this day was the American triple jumper James Connolly with a score of 13.71 m.
• 1899 - the first edition of the first book of V. I. Lenin, " The Development of Capitalism in Russia, " was published.

XX century

• 1905 - composer N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov publicly renounced the title of honorary member of the Russian Musical Society .
• 1913 - Niels Bohr completed an article on the structure of atoms and molecules, which gave rise to quantum theory .
• 1918 - landing of Japanese troops in Vladivostok .
• 1921 - in Constantinople, Baron Wrangel formed the " Russian Council ", which declared itself the government of Russia in exile.
• 1925 - Lazar Kaganovich was elected first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) U.
• 1931 - a team of molders of the Kharkov plant Hammer and Sickle signed the first self-supporting contract in Ukraine.
• 1940 - a test flight of the first domestic high-speed fighter I-200 .
• 1941
  • German and Italian troops invaded Yugoslavia and Greece .
  • The Treaty of Friendship and Nonaggression between the USSR and Yugoslavia was signed.
• 1942
  • Adolf Hitler signed a directive outlining Caucasian oil as the main target of the German offensive.
  • Japanese troops bombarded Ceylon for the first time.
• 1943
  • As part of the 1st Air Army on the Western Front, the French squadron Normandy (later called the Normandy-Niemen ) began fighting against Nazi Germany.
  • Off the coast of Brazil, fishermen picked up the English sailor Pun Lim , who was in the ocean on a raft for a record time of 133 days ^[5] .
  • Saint-Exupery 's Little Prince , written by him in 1942, was published in the United States in English in the United States.
• 1945
  • The Soviet Union announced the denunciation of the Nonaggression Pact with Japan of April 13, 1941.
  • The Georgian uprising began on the island of Texel .
• 1951 - The US Supreme Court pronounced the death penalty on Julius and Ethel Rosenberg on charges of atomic espionage in favor of the USSR .
• 1955 - Winston Churchill resigned as British Prime Minister.
• 1961 - US President Kennedy authorized the start of a military operation against Cuba .
• 1963 - the automatic station Luna-4E (launched on April 2 from the Baikonur cosmodrome ), due to deviation of the flight path from the calculated one, passed at a distance of 8500 kilometers from the lunar surface and was lost in space. It was assumed that the AMS will make a soft landing on the lunar surface.
• 1970 - by decision of the USSR leadership, the remains of Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun were exhumed and destroyed 11 km from Magdeburg by cremation .
• 1971 - The Rolling Stones formed their own record company, Rolling Stone Records. The company’s trademark, its tongue, has become famous.
• 1975 - At the launch of the Soyuz-18-1 spacecraft , a booster rocket exploded.
• 1977 - the first VAZ-2121 Niva car rolled off the assembly line of the Volga Automobile Plant .
• 1978 - Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the United Nations Arkady Shevchenko asked for political asylum in the United States .
• 1980 - The USSR and Afghanistan signed an agreement on the presence of a contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.
• 1982 - during a military operation in western Afghanistan, Soviet troops mistakenly invaded Iran . ^{[6] [7]}
• 1986 - explosion at a disco La Belle ( West Berlin ), initiated by the leadership of Libya . From a powerful bomb, three people - two US Army soldiers and a girl from Turkey - were killed on the spot, more than 250 people were injured.
• 1988 - the article “Principles of perestroika” appeared in the newspaper Pravda criticizing Nina Andreeva ’s article “ I Can’t Give Up Principles ”.
• 1989 - The Solidarity trade union was legalized in Poland .
• 1991
  • The Supreme Council of the RSFSR granted Boris Yeltsin extraordinary powers.
  • At the military airfield Kubinka in the suburbs , a group of aerobatics " Russian Knights " was formed.
• 1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina announced its withdrawal from Yugoslavia ; the siege of Sarajevo began.
• 1993 - the Russian Government established the Lukoil oil company.

21st Century

• 2004 - the first battle for Fallujah began in Iraq .
• 2005 - Askar Akayev resigned as president of Kyrgyzstan .

See also: Category: April 5th

XV century

• 1472 - Bianca Maria Sforza (d. 1510 ), second wife of Maximilian I , emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

16th Century

• 1523 - Blaise de Vizhener (d. 1596 ), French cryptographer, alchemist, diplomat.
• 1568 - Urban VIII (in the world of Maffeo Barberini ; d. 1644 ), 235th pope (1623-1644).
• 1588 - Thomas Hobbes (d. 1679 ), English materialist philosopher and mathematician.

XVII century

• 1604 - Charles IV (d. 1675 ), Duke of Lorraine and Bara (since 1625).
• 1622 - Vincenzo Viviani (d. 1703 ), Italian mathematician and physicist, student of Galileo Galilei .
• 1649 - Elihu Yale (d. 1721 ), British merchant, Governor of Madras, founder of Yale University .
• 1656 - Nikita Demidov (d. 1725 ), Russian industrialist, founder of the dynasty of the Ural miners.

18th century

• 1727 - Pasquale Anfossi (d. 1797 ), Italian composer.
• 1732 - Jean Honore Fragonard (d. 1806 ), French painter and graphic artist.
• 1769 - Sir Thomas Hardy (d. 1839 ), Vice Admiral of the British Navy.
• 1782 - Vincents Corvin Krasinsky (d. 1858 ), count , Polish, French and Russian general, participant in the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1784 - Louis (Ludwig) Spur (d. 1859 ), German composer, virtuoso violinist, conductor and teacher, the first to use the conductor’s wand.
• 1788
  • Franz Pforr (d. 1812 ), German painter, initiator of the association of Nazarene artists .
  • Mikhail Orlov (d. 1842 ), Russian military and statesman, major general, Decembrist .
• 1793
  • Gabriel Baten'kov (d. 1863 ), Russian philosopher, poet, literary critic, participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 , Decembrist.
  • Casimir Delavigne (d. 1843 ), French poet and playwright.

XIX century

• 1801 - Vincenzo Joberty (d. 1852 ), Italian preacher, philosopher, politician and publicist, author of the idea of ​​uniting Italy.
• 1811 - Jules Dupre (d. 1889 ), one of the most famous French landscape painters , a representative of the Barbizon school .
• 1820 - Felix Nadar (d. 1910 ), French photographer, impressionist friend, cartoonist, founder of photojournalism, the first in the world to make aerial photography.
• 1823 - Nikolai Berg (d. 1884 ), Russian poet, translator, historian.
• 1827 - Joseph Lister (d. 1912 ), English surgeon; introduced antiseptics into medical practice.
• 1832 - Jules Ferry (d. 1893 ), Prime Minister of France (1880-1881).
• 1837 - Algernon Charles Swinburne (d. 1909 ), English poet.
• 1840 - Gazaros Aghayan (d. 1911 ), Armenian writer, teacher.
• 1845 - Peter Durnovo (d. 1915 ), Russian statesman, Minister of the Interior (1905-1906).
• 1863 - Victoria of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1950 ), the granddaughter of Queen Victoria and the grandmother of the wife of Elizabeth II.
• 1869
  • Sergey Chaplygin (d. 1942 ), Russian Soviet mechanical scientist, academician, one of the founders of aerodynamics .
  • Albert Roussel (d. 1937 ), French composer.
• 1875 - Mystanget (d. 1956 ), French singer, actress and clowness entertainer.
• 1891 - Arnold Jackson (d. 1972 ), Brigadier General of the British Army, Olympic champion in athletics (1912).
• 1892 - Sergei Alymov (d. 1948 ), Russian Soviet poet.
• 1893 - Klas Tunberg (d. 1973 ), Finnish skater, five-time Olympic champion.
• 1894 - (d. 1956 ), an American aircraft designer who created the world's first supersonic aircraft.
• 1896 - Julius Janonis (d. 1917 ), Lithuanian poet and revolutionary.
• 1900
  • Spencer Tracy (d. 1967 ), an American actor, the first to receive two Oscars in a row for the best role.
  • Sophia Magarill (d. 1943 ), theater and film actress, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, wife of Grigory Kozintsev .

XX century

• 1902 - Ivan Benediktov (d. 1983 ), Soviet statesman, four times cavalier of the Order of Lenin.
• 1908
  • Betty Davis (d. 1989 ), American actress, one of the 100 greatest movie stars according to AFI.
  • Herbert von Karajan (d. 1989 ), Austrian conductor.
• 1916 - Gregory Peck (d. 2003 ), American actor, Academy Award winner.
• 1917 - Robert Bloch (d. 1994 ), American science fiction writer.
• 1919 - Zinovy ​​Paperny (d. 1996 ), Soviet and Russian literary critic, critic, feuilleton writer, parodist.
• 1920
  • Arthur Haley (d. 2004 ), American writer.
  • Lydia Zhukovskaya (d. 1994 ), historian of the Old Russian language , paleographer , doctor of philological sciences.
  • Lev Lyubetsky (d. 2000 ), Soviet and Russian actor of theater, cinema and dubbing, people's artist of the Russian Federation.
• 1923 - Nguyen Van Thieu (d. 2001 ), Vietnamese general and politician, president of South Vietnam (1965-1975).
• 1926 - Roger Corman , American filmmaker and producer.
• 1928
  • Alexander Belinsky (d. 2014 ), Soviet and Russian film and theater director, screenwriter, director.
  • Tony Williams (d. 1992 ), American singer, lead vocalist of The Platters .
• 1929 - Hugo Klaus (d. 2008 ), Belgian writer, poet, playwright, artist, director of theater and cinema.
• 1937 - Colin Powell , American statesman and military leader.
• 1938 - Natalya Kustinskaya (d. 2012 ), Soviet theater and film actress.
• 1942 - Peter Greenaway , British film director, screenwriter, writer, artist.
• 1947 - Gloria Arroyo , President of the Philippines (2001-2010).
• 1950 - Agneta Feltskog , vocalist of the Swedish band “ ABBA ”.
• 1955 - Alexander Sitkovetsky , Russian guitarist, founder of the Autograph band.
• 1956 - Leonid Fedun , Russian billionaire, the main shareholder of FC Spartak (Moscow) .
• 1962 - Kirsan Ilyumzhinov , President and Head of the Republic of Kalmykia (1995-2010), President of FIDE (since 1995).
• 1969 - Evelina Bledans , Russian theater and film actress, singer, TV presenter.
• 1970 - Elena Elesina , Russian athlete, Olympic champion in high jump ( 2000 ).
• 1971
  • Krista Allen , American film actress and model.
  • Kim Soo Nyun , South Korean athlete, 4-time Olympic champion in archery.
• 1974 - Vyacheslav Voronin , Russian high jumper, world and European champion.
• 1978 - Francis van Almsik , German swimmer , 10-time Olympic medalist.
• 1988 - Alexey Volkov , Russian biathlete, world champion, Olympic champion.
• 1989 - Lily James , British actress.

See also: Category: Dead on April 5

Until the 19th century

• 1512 - Lazzaro Bastiani (b. 1429 ), Italian Renaissance artist.
• 1669 - Lars Vivallius (b. 1605 ), Swedish poet and adventurer.
• 1723 - Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (b. 1656 ), Austrian architect, founder of the so-called. imperial style.
• 1794 - executed:
  • Georges Jacques Danton (b. 1759 ), leader of the French Revolution .
  • Camille Demoulin (b. 1760 ), leader of the French Revolution .
  • Philippe Fabre (b. 1750 ), French satirist, revolutionary.

XIX century

• 1866 - Thomas Hodgkin (b. 1798 ), English physician.
• 1870 - Vera Lyadova (b. 1839 ), Russian artist of operetta, drama and ballet.
• 1887 - Ivan Kramskoy (b. 1837 ), Russian painter and draftsman, master of genre, historical and portrait painting; art critic.
• 1888
  • Edward Karl Augustus Rome (b. 1830 ), German Protestant theologian and teacher.
  • Vsevolod Garshin (b. 1855 ), Russian writer.
• 1894 - Friedrich Wilhelm Weber (b. 1813 ), German poet.
• 1900 - Joseph Louis Francois Bertrand (b. 1822 ), French mathematician, member of the Paris Academy of Sciences.

XX century

• 1907 - George Gabrichevsky (b. 1860 ), microbiologist, founder of a scientific school, one of the organizers of the production of bacteriological preparations in Russia.
• 1917 - Vladimir Serbsky (b. 1858 ), a psychiatrist, one of the founders of forensic psychiatry in Russia.
• 1923 - George Edward Stanhope Molino Herbert Carnarvon (b. 1866 ), an English Egyptologist who led the expedition of archaeologist Howard Carter , who discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun .
• 1924 - Victor Gensen (b. 1835 ), German zoologist; coined the term plankton .
• 1934 - Salvatore Di Giacomo (b. 1860 ), Italian poet, prose writer and playwright.
• 1940 - Ivan Nazhivin (b. 1874 ), Russian writer.
• 1946 - Nikolai Gondatti (b. 1860 ), Russian ethnographer, statesman and public figure.
• 1964 - Douglas MacArthur (b. 1880 ), American military commander, US Army General , Field Marshal of the Philippines .
• 1967
  • Hermann Joseph Möller (b. 1890 ), American geneticist, Nobel laureate in physiology and medicine (1946).
  • Misha Elman (b. 1891 ), an American violinist of Russian origin.
• 1969 - Romulo Gallegos (b. 1884 ), Venezuelan writer, enlightener, President of Venezuela .
• 1973 - Alla Tarasova (b. 1898 ), Soviet theater and film actress, People's Artist of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor.
• 1975 - Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1887 ), a military and political figure in China.
• 1976 - Howard Hughes (b. 1905 ), American entrepreneur, engineer, director, producer.
• 1977 - Yuri Zavadsky (b. 1894 ), Russian actor and director, people's artist of the USSR, professor.
• 1981 - Franco Gentilini (b. 1909 ), Italian expressionist painter.
• 1992 - Sam Walton (b. 1918 ), American businessman, founder of the Wal-Mart and Sam's Club chain of stores.
• 1994
  • Kurt Cobain (born 1967 ), leader and vocalist of the rock band " Nirvana ".
  • Otari Kvantrishvili (born 1948 ), Soviet fighter, Russian businessman and criminal authority (shot dead).
• 1995 - Emilio Greco (b. 1913 ), Italian sculptor.
• 1997 - Allen Ginsberg (b. 1926 ), American poet and hipster.
• 1998 - Cozy Powell (born 1947 ), a British rock musician, drummer, was killed.
• 2000 - Eduard Gavrilov (b. 1934 ), Soviet film director and screenwriter.

21st Century

• 2002 - Lane Staley (b. 1967 ), vocalist of the American rock band " Alice in Chains ".
• 2005 - Saul Bellow (b. 1915 ), American writer, Nobel laureate (1976).
• 2006 - Gene Pitney (b. 1940 ), American singer and musician, songwriter.
• 2007
  • Boris Durov (born 1937 ), Soviet and Russian film director and screenwriter.
  • Mark St. John (b. 1956 ), American guitarist, member of the band " Kiss ".
• 2008 - Charlton Heston (b. 1923 ), American film actor.
• 2010 - Vitaly Sevastyanov (b. 1935 ), pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
• 2011
  • Baruch Blumberg (b. 1925 ), American biochemist, Nobel laureate in physiology and medicine (1976, together with Carlton Gaiduzek ).
  • Ange-Felix Patasset (b. 1937 ), President of the Central African Republic (1993-2003).
• 2012 - Jim Marshall (b. 1923 ), American businessman, founder of Marshall Amplification .

Nikon Day .

• Peasants in Russia bypassed springs and keys and sentenced " Underground water , we unlock the spring paths for you " ^[8] .