Forge on Rybalsky

1862-1917

It is believed that the machine-building and iron foundry arose in 1862, although there are documents that still refer to the year 1855 and 1858. It is known that he was leased from the district engineering department since 1865 by a process engineer F. I. Donat ^{[Comm 1]} . The last contract was concluded in 1885 for 12 years. That year, 42 people worked at the plant. In November 1889, Fyodor Ivanovich Donat, his wife Anna Ivanovna, their sons technologist Ernest and scientist agronomist Eduard concluded a contract with the nobleman Ivan Genrikhovich Lipkovsky and his wife Yadviga Vikentyevna, which stated that they formed a partnership on faith : “Partnership of the Machine-Building Plant Donat , Lipkovsky and Co. ”. The main capital of the partnership was 34 thousand rubles: the share of Donates was 22 thousand, Lipkovsky - 12 thousand. In December 1892, industrial engineers F.I. Donat with N.F. Barsukov and nobles I.G. Lipkovsky with N. K von Meckom submitted to the Ministry of Finance a draft charter of “ Partnerships under shares under the company Donat, Lipkovsky and Co.” with a fixed capital of 300 thousand rubles, divided into 300 shares. By this time, the factory employed 185 workers in the winter and reached 400 in the summer. In November 1893, the draft charter was signed by Finance Minister S. Witte and approved in early 1894. But already in 1895 the plant became the property of the joint stock company “ South Russian Machine-Building Plant ”, the main founders of which were Baron Maxim Steingel and the merchant of the 1st guild David Margolin ^[5] . During this period, the plant specialized in the production of iron castings, as well as machines for distilleries, sugar factories and mills. The factory workers were part of the Marxist circles of the Kiev " Union of the struggle for the liberation of the working class " and took part in the revolution of 1905 ^[1] .

In 1913, the plant mastered the production of towing ships ^[1] .

Comments

1918-1991

The Red Guards of the plant participated in the January uprising of 1918 against the Central Council ^[1] .

In March 1919, the plant was nationalized ^[1] . The first document regulating the status of the enterprise as part of the Soviet defense industry can be considered the Decree of the Council of Defense of Ukraine No. 290 of June 24, 1919 on the recognition of the Kiev shipyard as a defense enterprise, in accordance with which, the company was officially named the First Kiev Soviet Shipyard , it was entrusted with the tasks of timely provision of ships of the Dnieper flotilla , for these purposes, all workers and employees of the shipyard were recognized mobilized ^[6] .

In 1924, in accordance with the Resolution of the Kiev provincial executive committee, the South Russian Machine-Building Plant was renamed the Leninsky Forge factory ^{[1] [7]} .

After the start of industrialization , in 1928 a decision was made to develop river water transport and organize river shipbuilding in the Ukrainian SSR .

Until 1929, the Leninskaya Kuznitsa plant did not have specialization, however, after a major order from the Dnieper River Shipping Company that arrived in 1929, a decision was made to expand production capacities and modernize the enterprise. In total for the re-equipment and expansion of the plant in 1930-1934. 22 million rubles were allocated, equipment for the plant was made by the Moscow factory “ Red Proletarian ”, the Leningrad “ Krasny Putilovets ” and Gorky “ Engine of the Revolution ”. In 1932, a new boiler plant of the plant with a volume of 100 thousand m³ was built. A shipbuilding shipyard was built on the right bank of the Dnieper on the Rybalsky Peninsula , which made it possible to build up to 30 ships a year ^[8] .

In the early 1930s, he began the construction of monitors for the Dnieper naval flotilla: the first was “Shock” (384 tons), the second - “Active” (214 tons), in 1934 - 1936. Six monitors of the Zheleznyakov type were developed and then built ^[9] .

Before the start of World War II, the factory created the headquarters of the local air defense, the activity of which was included in the Kiev air defense system ^[10] , the destroyers Vidlitsa and Volochaevka were built.

In the summer of 1941, the factory mastered the repair of machine guns, artillery pieces and other weapons for the Red Army; factory workers participated in the construction of fortifications and barricades ^[11] . As the front line approached the city, the main equipment of the plant was evacuated to the east ^[1] , to the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, where the plant began production of military products ^[12] .

During the period of the German occupation, an underground sabotage group operated (organizationally subordinated to the Zheleznodorozhny underground underground district committee of the Communist Party (B) U ) ^[13] , the leader of which was A. V. Shokhin, as well as several proactive anti-fascist workers: ^{[14 ] [15]} .

• in December 1941, leaflets about the beginning of the Soviet counteroffensive near Moscow were distributed among the workers of the plant by underground workers ^[13]
• the underground group of A. V. Shokhin, which was operating in the car workshop opened by the Nazis on the territory of the plant, during the entire period of occupation disabled 40 cars repaired in the car workshop, about 150 gearboxes and over 200 motors ^[14] . In addition, A.V. Shokhin and P.I. Perevertun transported several people to the partisan detachment "Victory" under the command of S. E. Naumenko
• The fascist German order for the urgent production of copra (necessary for the restoration of the destroyed Petrovsky railway bridge across the Dnieper), for the manufacture of which under normal conditions it was necessary to spend no more than four shifts, was delayed by the workers of the foundry and lasted more than two weeks ^[15]
• Under the leadership of the underground worker V. S. Novikov, factory workers damaged 80 guns that were delivered to the factory for repair ^[15] . A worker P. Fishenko disabled 25 anti-aircraft guns - after the repair he carried out, none of the guns could shoot (which was confirmed during an attempt by the Nazis to shoot from the repaired guns at the firing range). After this, P. Fishenko was shot by the Germans ^[14]
• Electrician Mostitsky disabled the factory electrical substation, disrupting urgent car repairs for the German military unit ^[15]
• the communist worker S. T. Zavin hid new parts during work, replacing them with old ones (after the liberation of Kiev, 7 cars were assembled from the parts he had hidden) ^[14]

The restoration of the plant began shortly after the liberation of Kiev by the Red Army in November 1943, during the industrial re-evacuation, the equipment of the plant was returned to Kiev. In 1944, some of the evacuated workers and engineering personnel began to return to the plant from Astrakhan ^[16] . Repair of heavy tanks was mastered at the enterprise, and already in March 1944, factory workers began to exceed the established targets for labor productivity ^[17] . On the donations of workers and employees of the plant, listed in the Defense Fund for the Red Army, the tank "Lenin Forge" was built ^[18] .

To restore the Kiev railway bridge across the Dnieper, the plant manufactures a large number of large forgings and other products ^[16] .

In early 1947, the plant switched from assembling ships from individual parts to assembling according to the sectional method using automatic electric welding, which doubled the pace of construction ^[19] .

In 1949, the plant received the task of constructing a large series of metal barges with a carrying capacity of 800 tons for the construction of the Volga-Don Canal ^[20] .

The restoration of the plant was fully completed in 1950 ^[1] .

In 1954, the plant mastered the production of medium-tonnage marine fishing vessels, bucket excavators and other dredgers ^[1] .

In 1957, the plant mastered the production of ship engines and boilers ^[1] .

In 1959, the plant mastered the production of equipment for the chemical industry ^[1] .

In 1962, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin ^[1] .

One of the workers at the Lenin Forge factory, the foreman of assembly fitters N. R. Molodchenko, became the Hero of Socialist Labor ^[21] .

In the early 1970s, a group of specialists at the Leninskaya Kuznitsa plant worked for a long time on the construction of a chemical fiber plant in the city of Vidin , helping in the installation and configuration of equipment. After completion of the work, three factory workers were awarded Bulgarian government awards (senior engineer-designer V. I. Bosunovsky was awarded the Order of the NRB III degree , locksmith A. A. Mishchenko and senior technician B. N. Polishchuk were awarded the Order of Labor ) ^{[22 ]} .

In 1979, the plant took patronage over the training and production plant of the Dnieper district of Kiev, where 52 jobs were equipped for industrial training for more than 100 high school students ^[23] .

In accordance with the comprehensive scientific and technical program “Protecting the City's Environment and the Rational Use of Natural Resources and Raw Materials” adopted in October 1981 by the Kiev City Executive Committee, the plant was reconstructed and improved ^[24] .

In 1982, the laboratory for the automation of hull construction at TsKB Leninskaya Kuznitsa increased the level of unification of the hull structures of manufactured vessels, which reduced the consumption of sheet metal ^[25] .

At the time of the collapse of the USSR, over 6,000 workers worked at the plant.

After 1991

On September 1, 1993, PTU No. 10, which was on the balance sheet of the plant, was transferred to the municipal property of the city ^[26] .

May 22, 1993 was completed and in 1994 - the corvette of project 1124M Lutsk was introduced into the Ukrainian naval forces ^[27] .

In 1995, the plant was privatized and transformed into an open joint stock company.

From 1995 to 1998, production at the plant practically stopped ^[28] .

In September 1999, the ROBO-1 river bulk carrier container ship built by the plant, commissioned by a Dutch company, was launched ^[29] .

At the end of May 2000, a dry cargo ship built by the plant with a carrying capacity of 1.5 thousand tons was commissioned, manufactured by order of the German company Schiffswerft Schlomer GmbH Co. KG ” ^[30] .

On October 11, 2001, the river dry cargo ship Y408, built by the plant, was designed to transport container and bulk cargo ^[31] .

In 1991-2002 the plant was built and March 15, 2002 - launched and entered into the naval forces of Ukraine corvette " Ternopil ".

In February 2004, the plant began production of two river armored boats of project 58150 Gyurza for the border service of Uzbekistan (their production was completed in December 2004).

As of 2008, the company has mastered the production of the KOAV-68 boiler, as well as the steam boilers KVA-0.25 / 3-1, KVA-0.63 / 5-1, KVA-1.0 / 5-1 and KVA-1,0 / 6-1 ^[2] .

In 2011-2012. the first two 7.4-ton UMS-1000 boats were built at the plant (on October 5, 2012, the boats were delivered to Sevastopol and on October 10, 2012 - they were included in the Sevastopol Marine Guard Unit of the GPSU under the name BG-16 and BG-17) .

On October 25, 2012 , a solemn ceremony of laying two Gyurza-M artillery river armored boats for the Ukrainian Navy took place at the plant ^[32] . In November 2013, their production was suspended, but in October 2014 it resumed again ^[33]

In 2013 , the company mastered the production of a 40-mm automatic grenade launcher UAG-40 .

In 2014 , another UMS-1000 boat was built at the plant (on July 31, 2014 it was included in the Mariupol detachment of the marine guards of the GPSU under the name BG-22).

September 24, 2014 at the exhibition "Zbroya and bezpeka- 2014 ”the Lenin Forge plant introduced new developments:

• combat module for OBM armored vehicles (which includes a 12.7-mm Utes machine gun ^[34] and a 40-mm UAG-40 grenade launcher with optics produced by the Izyum Instrument-Making Plant ) ^[35]
• demonstration model of the Scorpion combat vehicle (converted GAZ-66 with the OBM combat module) ^[36]

January 30, 2015 it was announced that the plant began work on the creation of two new armored vehicles: a 10-ton “ Triton ” and a 15-ton “Crossbow” ^[37] .

In April 2015, the enterprises of JSC Leninsky Kuznitsa Plant, Chernigov Radio Equipment Plant OJSC and Ukrspetstekhnika HC completed the development of a state border protection project ^[38]

By the beginning of August 2015, the number of employees was 350 people. The plant performed ship repair work and continued the construction of two Gyurza-M armored boats for the Ukrainian Navy (ordered by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine in 2012) ^[39] .

On September 22, 2015, the plant presented a demo sample of the Triton armored car at the Zbroy and Bezpeka-2015 arms exhibition ^[40] (later on, 4 armored vehicles were built for the Ukrainian border service) ^[41] .

On October 15, 2015, the state border service of Ukraine ordered the plant to build a small patrol boat for the marine guards of the State Border Guard Service worth 14.96 million hryvnias ^[42] .

On November 10, 2015, the plant launched the first Gyurza-M armored boat for the Ukrainian Navy, which received the designation BK-01 (serial number 01023) ^[43] . April 7, 2016 at the plant were laid 4 more armored boats "Gyurza-M" for the Ukrainian Navy ^[44] .

In 2016, the number of workers at the plant was about 350 employees. On February 29, 2016, the ex-Minister of Defense of Ukraine, the leader of the Civic Position party, Anatoly Hrytsenko ^[45] and the head of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory Vladimir Vyatrovich demanded the renaming of the plant ^[46] . March 30, 2017 the plant received a new name - “ Forge on Rybalsky ”, at the same time the form of ownership was changed ^{[47] [48]} .

Among the ships built - Berdyansk , Nikopol .

On October 10, 2017, at the Zbroy and Bezpeka-2017 arms exhibition held in Kiev, the factory presented a demonstration model of the UMK-12.7 machine gun (a modernized version of the NSVT equipped with a factory-made barrel, bipods and a muzzle brake compensator) ^[49] .

Shipbuilding

The Kuznitsa on Rybalsky plant produces the following types of vessels:

• high-speed patrol boats with a displacement of 10-120 tons;
• small patrol ships with a displacement of 400-500 tons for the protection of closed seas and the distant coastal zone;
• high seas patrol ships with a displacement of 1,600-1,800 tons;
• fishing vessels up to 4000 kW;
• tugboats harbor tugs and rescuers, garbage collectors and fire vessels;
• universal dry cargo carriers and container carriers with a loading capacity up to 4500 t;
• tankers, chemical carriers with a deadweight of up to 5000 tons;
• vessels of the technical fleet: dredgers, dump trucks;
• non-self-propelled barges;
• floating docks with a loading capacity of 2500-3000 tons;
• корпусы судов различного назначения.

Машиностроение и металлообработка

Рядом с верфью завод имеет высокоразвитое машиностроительное производство, которое имеет следующие направления:

• литейное производство специализируется на изготовлении литых изделий из стали, чугуна и цветных металлов;
• механическая обработка различных деталей;
• котельное производство, на котором изготавливаются судовые вспомогательные автоматизированные котлоагрегаты и печи для сжигания судовых отходов и мусора;
• производство гребных валов и винтов регулируемого шага;
• оборудование для нефтедобывающей промышленности (превенторы, ключи гидравлические);
• производство морозильных аппаратов, предназначенных для замораживания таких продуктов, как рыба, мясо, овощи и других;
• насосы погружные и электронасосные центробежные агрегаты, предназначенные для орошения и водоснабжения жилых и общественных зданий.

Ниже перечислены названия и организационные формы предприятия в разное время его существования: ^[50]

в царское время

• Киевская верфь (с петровских времён — до сер. XIX в.)
• Механический завод Ф. И. Доната со сталелитейным производством (1862)
• Механический и чугунолитейный завод Доната (1862—1889)
• АО «Донат, Липковский и К ^о » (1889—1895)
• Паевое товарищество машиностроительного завода «Донат, Липковский и К ^о » (1889—1895)
• АО «Киевский машиностроительный завод» (1895—1905)
• АО «Южно-Русский машиностроительный завод» (1905—1918)

в советское время

В послереволюционный период, машино- и судостроительные сегменты предприятия фактически работали отдельно друг от друга, механические цеха предприятия не занятые в судостроении продолжали носить название «Южно-Русский машиностроительный завод» до января 1924 года

• Киевская верфь (1918)
• Первая Киевская советская верфь (24.06.1919—21.01.1924)
• Завод «Ленинская кузница» (1924—1939)
• Завод № 300 НКСП (1939—28.08.1941)

По приказу НКСП от 28.08.1941 г. завод № 300 был эвакуирован (1460 чел.) на завод № 340 НКСП (г. Зеленодольск ТатАССР ) и влит в его состав.

• USMA/Dnepr-Werft, Kiew (Ukrainischen Schiffs- und Maschinenbau-Anstalten) (09.1941—11.1943)

Директором завода «Судостроительная верфь УСМА» (в ряде источников «моторная верфь») в период оккупации Киева немецкими войсками являлся бывший волынский помещик барон фон Рентель — офицер Белой Армии , после гражданской войны эмигрировавший в Германию. Персонал предприятия — 4 тыс. работников по сост. на 1942 г.

• Завод № 302 НКСМ (11.1943—?)
• Завод «Ленинская кузница» (?—1992)

на современном этапе

• ОАО «Завод «Ленинская кузница» (1992—2017)
• ОАО «Завод «Кузница на Рыбальском» (2017— н. в. )

• Байбаков А. Б., Кац Р. С. Завод «Ленинская кузница», 1862–1962 (к столетию со дня основания). — К.: Государственное изд-во технической литературы УССР, 1962.
• История ордена Ленина завода „Ленинская кузница“ (1862—1962 гг.). Сборник документов и материалов. — К.: Изд-во Киевского университета , 1967.

• Ленинская кузня // Army Guide
• Бронепрезидент Украины пошел на экспорт // Свободная пресса, дек 2016