Clever Geek Handbook
📜 ⬆️ ⬇️

List of Heads of State in 1920

The list lists the leaders of states as of 1920 . In the event that the leading role in the state is played by the communist party , both the de jure head of state — the chairman of the highest body of state power — is indicated, and de facto — the head of the communist party.

The list does not include heads of associated states , mandated and autonomous territories . If a change of leader occurred in a state in 1920, both of them are listed. If the state has changed the flag, both flags are also indicated.

To the right of the text are images of politicians who first came to power in 1920.

The exact dates of the change of board are given only for 1920. Other years of change of power are given by reference to the corresponding lists of heads of state and government by year.

The countries in which a change of government took place in a given year as a result of the following events are highlighted in color:

  • Obtaining a country's independence ;
  • Military coup, revolution, general uprising ;
  • Presidential election ;
  • parliamentary elections; parliamentary crisis ;
  • The death of one of the leaders of the country ;
  • Other reasons .

For states and their leaders this year is marked by the following events:

Significant events

  • January 2 - The head ataman of the Kuban People's Republic, General Nikolai Mitrofanovich Uspensky, died in Ekaterinodar from typhus. General Nikolai Adrianovich Bukretov [1] was elected the new chief ataman;
  • January 4 - The Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak, has resigned. Lieutenant-General Anton Ivanovich Denikin, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia , refused to accept the title of Supreme Ruler [2] ;
  • January 5 - Charles Dunber King, who was elected to the presidential elections in May 1919, assumed the presidency of Liberia [3] ;
  • January 13 - the armies of Latvia and Poland liquidated the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic [4] ;
  • January 16 - the Government of the Russian Eastern Outskirts was formed in Chita, headed by the cadet Sergey Afanasyevich Taskin [2] ;
  • January 18 - Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies Paul Deschanel , who replaced Raymond Poincaré , who has a seven-year presidential term, became the new president of France [5] ;
  • January 20 - After the defeat in the presidential elections, French Prime Minister Radical Clemenceau resigned. A new prime minister was appointed Republican Socialist Alexander Millerand [6] ;
  • January 21 - Domingos Leyti Pereira formed the new Portuguese government [7] ;
  • January 28 - the Congress in Lushna, proclaiming the indivisibility and independence of Albania, appointed a National Government headed by Suleiman Bey Delvin [8] ;
  • January 30
    • in Albania, a Supreme Council has been formed, performing the functions of the Regency Council, with Prince William absent, formally remaining head of the Albanian state [8] ;
    • The President of Panama, Belisario Porras Barahona , resigned for a new presidential term. Ernest Tisdel Lefevre de la Ossa, First Vice-President, became interim president [9] ;
  • February 1 - General Rafael Salvador Lopez Gutierrez , who won the elections in October 1919, assumed the presidency of Honduras [10] ;
  • February 2 - Red Army units and the Khiva communists eliminated the Khiva khanate , Khan Said Abdullah abdicated the throne [11] ;
  • February 19
  • * after the resignation of Democrat Lyubomir Davidovich, the government of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was headed by the radical Stojan Protić [12] ;
    • Mongolia is declared part of China [13] ;
  • March 1 - After the restoration of the monarchy in Hungary on February 13, the National Assembly elected Admiral Miklos Horthy as Regent. Prime Minister and interim head of state Karoly Husar resigned [14] ;
  • March 8
  • * after the mixing at the request of the Entente powers of the Great Vesiri Ali Ryzy-Pasha, Admiral Salih Khulusi-Pasha became the new head of the government of the Ottoman Empire [15] ;
    • Colonel Antonio Maria Batishta became Prime Minister of Portugal after the resignation of the cabinet of Domingos Pereira [7] ;
  • March 10 - After the collapse of the government coalition, Swedish Prime Minister Liberal Nils Eden resigned. The new one-party government was formed by the leader of the Social Democrats, Karl Hjalmar Branting [16] ;
  • March 12 - the Russian People's Republic of the Lemko was eliminated by the Polish army [17] ;
  • March 13 - Kapp putsch in Germany. President Friedrich Ebert and Reich Chancellor Gustav Bauer fled from Berlin to Dresden, the monarchist Wolfgang Kapp [18] was proclaimed a new Reich Chancellor;
  • March 15th
    • Shandor Shimony-Shemadam , the representative of the Smallholders Party, formed the government on behalf of regent Miklos Horthy [14] ;
    • the new government of Finland after the resignation of liberal Juho Vennola was formed by conservative Rafael Erich [19] ;
  • March 17
    • the failure of the Kapp putsch in Germany; Wolfgang Kapp fled to Sweden. President Friedrich Ebert and Chancellor Gustav Bower returned to Berlin [18] ;
    • The Red Army of the RSFSR entered Ekaterinodar, the capital of the Kuban People's Republic [1] ;
  • March 19 - General Alexander Averescu was appointed prime minister of Romania after the removal of the government by the king Alexander Vaida-Voevoda [20] ;
  • March 27 - Reich Chancellor Gustav Bauer , who lost the confidence of his party during the Kapp putsch, resigned. The new Reich Chancellor was the chairman of the SPD Hermann Muller [21] ;
  • 30th of March
    • As a result of disagreement over the annexation of Schleswig's territories to Denmark, King Christian X displaced the liberal government of Karl Theodor Calais . The new prime minister appointed nonpartisan Otto Liebe [22] [23] ;
    • The Emir of the North Caucasus Emirate Uzun-Haji died suddenly. The emirate is occupied by the Red Army of the RSFSR [24] ;
  • April 1 - the Musavatist Mamed-Hasan Jafarkuli oglu Gadzhinsky headed the last government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic [25] ;
  • April 4 - Lieutenant-General Anton Ivanovich Denikin, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Southern Russia, resigned and emigrated. The post of Ruler and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia was held by Lieutenant-General Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel [2] ;
  • 5th of April
    • The Easter Crisis in Denmark: under the threat of a strike, King Christian X removed the newly formed government of Otto Liebe and appointed a new cabinet led by Michael Friis [22] [23] ;
    • Damat Mahmoud Ferid-Pasha was appointed the new great vizier of the Ottoman Empire [15] ;
  • April 6 - the Far Eastern Republic was proclaimed on the territory of the Russian Far East [26] . The Bolshevik Aleksandr Mikhailovich Krasnoshchikov [27] became the chairman of the People's Government of the FER;
  • April 15 - the dictatorship of Manuel Estrada Cabrera fell in Guatemala, the National Assembly appointed interim president Carlos Rafael Herrera [28] [29] ;
  • April 23 - The Turkish Grand National Assembly , which gathered in Ankara, elected General Mustafa Kemal Pasha as its chairman and head of the national government, speaking out against the Ottoman government controlled by the Entente countries in Istanbul [30] ;
  • April 26 - The Khiva People’s Soviet Republic was proclaimed on the territory of the former Khiva khanate, with Hadji Pohlavon becoming the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee [11] ;
  • April 28 - The 11th Army of the Red Army and the Azerbaijani Communists liquidated the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic . National Assembly Chairman Alimardan-Bek Topchibashev emigrated, Prime Minister Mamed-Hasan Jafarkuli oglu Gadzhinsky switched to the side of the communists. The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed, whose Provisional Revolutionary Committee was headed by the leader of the Azerbaijani Communists Mirza Davud Bagir oglu Huseynov [31] ;
  • May 1 - the Constituent Assembly of Latvia opened, which elected the former chairman of the People’s Council Janis Čakste [4] as its chairman and head of state;
  • 5 May
    • the leader of the Conservative Party of Spain, Eduardo Dato, formed his third government after the resignation of the cabinet of Manuel Aldendalasar [32] ;
    • The new Danish government was headed by Liberal Nils Neergor , a spokesman for the Wenstre party that won the election on April 26]] [22] [23] ;
    • Hamazasp Hovhannisovich Ogandzhanyan replaced Alexander Ivanovich Khatisyan as Prime Minister of Armenia [33] ;
  • May 8 - Julio Acosta Garcia , who won the elections in December 1919 [34] , assumed the presidency of Costa Rica;
  • May 14 - As a result of disagreements within the Anhui clique , Chinese Prime Minister General Qing Yongpeng resigned . Acting Prime Minister appointed Admiral Sa Zhenbin [35] ;
  • May 17 - the radical Milenko Vesnich replaced Stoyan Protic as prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes [12] ;
  • May 18 - The Red Army of the RSFSR liquidated the North Korel state , the interim government of S. A. Tikhonov fled to Finland [24] ;
  • May 21 - Mexican President Venustiano Carranza was shot dead during an anti-government uprising. The power passed to the provisional Supreme Leader of the Liberal Constitutionalist Army Adolfo de la Worth [36] ;
  • May 26 - the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic was led by the socialist federalist Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Prokopovich . The former cabinet of Social Democrat Isaac Prohorovich Mazepa resigned in protest against territorial concessions to Poland. [17] ;
  • June 1 - The Mexican Congress elected the Supreme Leader of the Liberal Constitutionalist Army of the Governor of the State of Sonoran Adolfo de la Huert the interim president of Mexico [36] ;
  • June 5 - in the north of Persia, in Resht , the Persian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed, headed by Mirza Kuchek Khan [37] ;
  • June 6 - Portuguese Prime Minister Colonel Antonio Maria Batishta passed away. José Ramos Preto, Minister of Justice and Worships, has been temporarily appointed a new head of government; [7]
  • June 16 - in Italy, the liberal Giovanni Giolitti formed his fifth cabinet after the resignation of Francesco Saverio Nitti [38] ;
  • June 19 - The Christian Democrat Alexandras Stulginskis , Chairman of the Constituent Diet, who replaced Antanas Smeton, became the new provisional president of Lithuania. The new prime minister was laudinink Kazys Grinius [39] ;
  • 21st of June
    • after the defeat of the Social Democrats in the elections on June 6, the German Reich Chancellor Herman Muller resigned. The new cabinet was formed by the representative of the Catholic Party of the Center, Konstantin Ferenbach [21] ;
    • the conservative Otto Bar Halvorsen formed the Norwegian government after the resignation of the liberal Gunnar Knudsen [40] ;
  • June 23 - Vladislav Grabsky formed the non-partisan government of Poland after the resignation of the government of Leopold Skulsky [41] [42] ;
  • June 26 - The leader of the Democratic Party, Antonio Maria da Silva, formed the government of Portugal [7] ;
  • July 6 - The Galician Socialist Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Taronopol . Vladimir Petrovich Zatonsky became the chairman of the Galitsky Revolutionary Committee [17] ;
  • July 7 - Michael Mayr (Christian Social Party) became Austrian Federal Chancellor after the resignation of Social Democrat Karl Rönner [43] ;
  • July 10 - Arthur Meigen replaced Robert Laird Borden as Canadian Prime Minister and Chairman of the Conservative Party [44] ;
  • July 12 - During the uprising of the army units, the president of Bolivia, liberal José Gutierrez Guerra, was overthrown. The government junta came to power, headed by the leader of the Republican Party, Juan Bautista Saavedra and José Maria Escalier [45] ;
  • July 19
    • Count Pal Teleki formed the new government of Hungary [14] ;
    • Liberal Antonio Joaquín Grani formed the new Portuguese government [7] ;
  • July 24 - In the conditions of the Soviet-Polish war in Poland, a coalition government of national unity was formed, headed by the representative of the Piast Party, Vincent Vitos [41] [42] ;
  • July 28 - The office of Jaan Tõnnison retired as a result of the parliamentary crisis in Estonia . The government of Ado Birka has been formed [46] ;
  • July 30
    • In Estonia, Ado Birka’s office resigned. Jaan Tynison again formed the government [46] ;
    • during the Soviet-Polish war in Bialystok, the establishment of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Poland (Polrevrecom) , headed by Julian Markhlevsky [41] , was proclaimed;
  • August 1 - The Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in Minsk liberated from the Polish troops. Alexander G. Chervyakov became the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of the People's Commissars of the BSSR [47] ;
  • August 9 - After the defeat of the Anhui clique in the Zhili-Anhui War , the acting Prime Minister of China, Admiral Sa Zhen Bin, was removed from office. General Qing Yongpeng reinstated as head of government [35] ;
  • August 15 - Liberal Manuel Gondra Pereira [48] took over as President of Paraguay;
  • August 19 - The Council under the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia headed by Alexander Vasilyevich Krivoshein was reorganized into the Government of the South of Russia [2] ;
  • August 20 - after the defeat of the Red Army near Warsaw, the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Poland was dissolved [41] ;
  • September 1 - José Luis Tamayo [49] who won the presidential election entered the presidency of Ecuador [49] ;
  • September 2 - units of the Turkestan Front of the Red Army completed the liquidation of the Emirate of Bukhara . Emir Seyid Mir Mohammed Alim Khan fled to Afghanistan [50] ;
  • September 8 - Gabriele d'Annunzio proclaimed the Republic of Fiume in the captured Yugoslav city of Rijeka [51] ;
  • September 15 - in Czechoslovakia, the government of the Social Democrat Vlastimil Tusar resigned as a result of the internal party crisis. The new extra-parliamentary cabinet was headed by Jan Černý [52] ;
  • September 21 - the Galician Socialist Soviet Republic was liquidated during the Polish army’s attack [17] ;
  • September 23 - after the resignation of Paul Deschanel for health reasons, Alexander Millerand became the new president of France [5] ;
  • September 24 - Republican Democrat Georges Leig became Prime Minister of France [6] ;
  • October 1 - Liberal Belisario Porras Barahona , who won the elections in August 1920 [9] , assumed the presidency of Panama;
  • October 8 - The Bukhara People's Soviet Republic was proclaimed on the territory of the former Bukhara Emirate [50] ;
  • October 12 - The Republic of Central Lithuania, which was occupied by Polish troops, was proclaimed by Vilnius Zeligovsky, occupied by Polish troops. Vitold Abramovich [39] was appointed chairman of the provisional government commission of the republic;
  • October 16 - Fazolla Khan Akbar [37] became Prime Minister of Persia;
  • October 21 - Ahmed Tefvik Pasha [15] was appointed the new great vizier of the Ottoman Empire;
  • October 24 - during the Guangdong-Guangxi War , the chairman of the Chinese Military Government in Guangdong, T'en Chunxuan, was removed from power. The Ruling Committee of the Military Government was formed with the participation of Sun Yat-sen [35] ;
  • October 25 - Alexandros I , King of Greece , passed away, Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos became interim head of state [53] ;
  • October 26 - Ants Piip became the Prime Minister of Estonia [46] ;
  • October 27 - the governor of Kristianstad, Baron Gerard Louis von De Geer, formed the non-partisan government of Sweden after the resignation of Karl Yalmar Branting , the leader of the Social Democrats who were not successful in the elections [16] ;
  • 28 of October
    • Admiral Pavlos Kounturiotis was appointed Regent of Greece [53] ;
    • The Russian Eastern Fringe became part of the Far Eastern Republic . The commander of the Russian Eastern outskirts, Lieutenant-General Grigory Mikhailovich Semenov and Chairman of the Government Sergey Afanasyevich Taskin went to China [2] ;
  • November 16 - The Red Army occupied the Crimea. The ruler and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Lieutenant-General Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel emigrated to Turkey. The last enclave of the Russian State ceased to exist [2] ;
  • November 17 - Konstantinos I, who was in exile, was proclaimed the new king of Greece. Olga Konstantinovna, the widowed queen, was appointed Regent prior to his arrival [53] ;
  • November 18 - After losing the election on November 14, Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos resigned. Dimitrios Rallis has become the new head of government [53] ;
  • 20 November
    • Catholic Henri Carton de Villard led the Belgian coalition government after the resignation of Leon Delacroix [54] ;
    • Alvaru Xavier di Kastru formed the new Portuguese government [7] ;
  • November 22 - The Ukrainian People's Republic ceased to exist as a state. The directory , headed by Simon Vasilyevich Petlyura and the Council of People’s Ministers, went into exile. [17] ;
  • November 25 - Simon Vratsyan formed the last Dashnak government of Armenia after the resignation of Amazasp H. Ohanjanyan [33] ;
  • November 29 - the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic [55] was proclaimed by the Armenian Bolsheviks in Karavansary;
  • November 30 - Colonel Liberatu Damian Ribeiro Pinto , Chief of Staff of the National Republican Guard of Portugal, formed a coalition government of "republican concentration" [7] ;
  • December 1 - General Alvaro Obregon , who won the elections in September 1920 [36] , assumed the presidency of Mexico;
  • December 2 - units of the Red Army entered Yerevan . The Republic of Armenia ceased to exist, the government of Simon Vratsyan resigned, the power was transferred to the Military Revolutionary Committee headed by Sarkis Ivanovich Kasian [33] ;
  • December 6 - the Republic of Northern Ingria ceased to exist and became part of the RSFSR under the terms of the Tartu Peace Treaty [2] ;
  • December 9 - Michael Heinish became the first constitutional president of Austria [43] ;
  • December 10 - the Ilyas-bey-Brioni government [8] began its work in Albania;
  • December 19 - returned to Athens and ascended the throne the king of Greece Constantine I [53] ;
  • December 21 - after the entry into force of the Estonian Constitution, the first State Elder (head of state and government) of the country was former Prime Minister Ants Piip [46] ;
  • December 23 - Liberal Arturo Alessandri , who won the elections in June 1920, assumed the presidency of Chile [56] [57] ;
  • December 30 - the Italian army completed the liquidation of the Republic of Fiume on the Yugoslav coast [51] .

Below is a list of the heads of state as of 1920.

List of Heads of State in 1919 - 1920 - List of Heads of State in 1921 - List of Heads of State by Year

See also: | List of religious leaders in 1920 | List of colonial governors in 1920

List of heads of state and government of the world in 1920

FlagStateRulers and dates of governmentPicture
 Australia
(Commonwealth of Australia)		King George V ( 1910 - 1936 )
Governor-General :
* Ronald Munro-Ferguson ( 1914 - 1920 ) [Ex. 1]
* Henry Forster ( 1920 - 1925 ) [Pr 2]
Prime Minister William Morris Hughes ( 1915 - 1923 ) [58]
 
Henry Forster
 Austria
(Republik Österreich)		Federal Presidents :
* Karl Seitz ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 3]
* Michael Heinish ( 1920-1928 ) [Ex 4]
Federal Chancellors :
* Karl Ronner ( 1918 - 1920 ) [Pr 5]
* Michael Mayr ( 1920-1921 ) [Ex 6] [59]
 
Michael Heinish
   Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR)
(Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti),
from April 28, 1920 the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR)
(Azerbaijan Council of the Socialist Republic)		Chairman of the National Assembly Alimardan-Bek Topchibashev ( 1918 - 1920 ) [Pr 7]
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers :
* Nasib Bey Yusif oglu Usubbekov ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 8]
* Mamed-Gasan Jafarkuli oglu Gadzhinsky ( 1920 ) [Ex 9]
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Nariman Najaf oglu Narimanov ( 1920 - 1922 )
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan (Bolsheviks) :
* Mirza Davud Bagir oglu Huseynov ( 1920 ) [Ex 10]
* Viktor Ivanovich Naneishvili ( 1920 ) [Ex 11]
* Elena Dmitrievna Stasova ( 1920 ) [Pr 12]
* Vladimir Elizbarovich Dumbadze ( 1920 ) [Ex. 13]
Responsible Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Azerbaijan Grigory Naumovich Kaminsky ( 1920-1921 ) [Ex 14] [25]
 
Nariman Najaf oglu Narimanov
 Principality of Albania
(Principata e Shqipnis)		Prince William the View ( 1914 - 1925 )
Prime Ministers :
* Suleiman Bey Delvina ( 1920 ) [Ex 15]
* Ilyas Bey Vrioni ( 1920 - 1921 ) [Pr 16] [8]
 
Ilyas Bey Vrioni
 Andorra - Principality of Andorra
(Principat d'Andorra, Principado de Andorra, Principauté d'Andorre)		Sconces :
* Raymond Poincare ( 1913 - 1920 )
* Paul Deschanel ( January 18 - September 21, 1920 )
* Alexander Millerand ( September 23, 1920 - 1924 ) (France);

* Jaime Viladrik-i-Gastpa ( 1919 - 1920 )
* Husty Guitart-i-Vilardebo ( May 23, 1920 - 1940 )
The first syndics of the General Council :
* Josep Villanova ( 1918 - 1920 )
* Bonaventure Villarubia ( 1920-1923 ) [60]
 Argentina - Argentina Republic
(República Argentina)		President Hypolito Yrigoyen ( 1916 - 1922 ) [61]
  Armenia - Republic of Armenia
(Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն),
November 29, 1920 - Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ArSSR)
(Այկական Սովետական ​​Սոցիալիստական ​​Հանրապետություն, Aykakan Sovetakan Sotsialistakan Anrapetutyun)		Chairman of the National Assembly Avetis Arakelovich Agoranyan ( 1919 - December 2, 1920 ) [ Ex 17]
Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee Sarkis Ivanovich Kasyan ( November 29, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 18]
Prime Ministers :
* Alexander Ivanovich Khatisyan ( May 1919 - May 5, 1920 ) [Ex 19]
* Hamazasp H. Ohanjanyan ( May 5 - November 25, 1920 ) [Ex 20]
* Simon Vratsyan ( November 25 - December 2, 1920 ) [Ex 21]
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Armenia Gevorg Sarkisovich Alikhanyan (December 1920 - 1921 ) [Pr 22] [33]
 
Sarkis Kasyan
Asir
(مارة عسير الإدريسية)		Emirs :
* Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi ( 1909 - 1920 )
* Sayyid Ali ibn Muhammad al-Idrisi ( March 20, 1920 - 1926 ) [62]
 Afghanistan - Emirate Afghanistan
(مارة أفغانستان)		Emir Amanullah Khan ( 1919 - 1926 )
Chief Minister Sardar Abdul Quddus Khan ( 1919 - 1927 ) [63]
 Bahrain - Kingdom of Bahrain
(مملكة البحرين)		Hakim Isa ibn Ali al-Khalifa ( 1869 - 1932 ) [64]
 Belarus - Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR)
(Belarusan Savetskaya Satsyal_stiny Respublika)
Proclaimed on August 1, 1920.		Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Alexander G. Chervyakov ( August 1, 1920 - 1937 ) [Ex 23]
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Alexander G. Chervyakov ( August 1, 1920 - 1937 )
Responsible secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus :
* Efim B. Genkin ( November 11 - 25, 1920 ) [Ex 24]
* Wilhelm G. Knorin ( November 25, 1920 - 1922 ) [Pr. 25] [65]
 
Alexander G. Chervyakov
 Belgium - Kingdom of Belgium
(Koninkrijk België, Royaume de Belgique)		King Albert I ( 1909 - 1934 )
Prime Ministers :
* Leon Frederick Gustave Delacroix ( 1918 - 1920 ) [Ex 26]
* Henri Carton de Villard ( November 20, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 27] [66]
 
Henri Carton de Villard
 Bulgaria - Third Bulgarian Kingdom
(Kingdom of Bulgaria)		Tsar Boris III ( 1918 - 1943 )
Prime Minister Alexander Stoimenov Stamboliisky ( 1919 - 1923 ) [67]
 Bolivia - Republic of Bolivia
(República de Bolivia)		President José Gutierrez Guerra ( 1917 - 1920 ) [Pr 28]
Government junta :
1. Juan Bautista Saavedra ( July 12, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 29]
2. José Maria Escaler ( July 12, 1920 1921 ) [ Ex 30]
3. José Manuel Ramirez ( July 12, 1920 1921 ) [45]
 Brazil - United States of Brazil
(República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil)		President Epitasiu Landolph da Silva Pesoa ( 1919 - 1922 ) [68]
 Brunei
(Brunei)		Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II ( 1906 - 1924 )
 Bhutan - Butane Kingdom
(འབྲུག་ ཡུལ་)		King Ugyen Wangchuk ( 1907 - 1926 ) [69]
  Bukhara Emirate
(Amorati Buhoro),
from October 8, 1920 the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic (BNSR)
(Kumҳuriya Khalgii Shӯravii Buhoro)		Emir Seyid Mir Mohammed Alim Khan ( 1911 - 1920 ) [Ex 31]
Chairman of the National Council Nazirov Polat Usmankhodzhayev ( 1920 - 1921 )
First Secretary of the Bukhara Communist Party, Aslamhodzha Umarkhodjaev ( 1920-1921 ) [70]
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)		King George V ( 1910 - 1936 )
Prime Minister David Lloyd George ( 1916 - 1922 ) [71]
 Hungary ,
from March 21, 1920 - the Kingdom of Hungary
(Magyar Királyság)		Interim Head of State Karoly Husar ( 1919 - 1921 ) [Pr 32]
Regent Miklos Horthy ( March 1, 1920 - 1944 ) [Ex 33]
Prime Ministers :
* Karoy Husar ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 34]
* Shandor Shimony-Shemadam ( March 15 - June 26, 1920 ) [Ex 35]
* Pal Teleki ( July 19, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 36] [72]
 
Miklos Horthy
 Venezuela - United States of Venezuela
(Estados Unidos de Venezuela)		President Victorino Marquez Bustillos ( 1914 - 1922 ) [73]
 Haiti - Republic of Haiti
(République d'Haïti)		President Philip Sydr Dartigenav ( 1915 - 1922 ) [74]
 Guatemala - Rep. Of Guatemala
(República de Guatemala)		Presidents :
* Manuel José Estrada Cabrera ( 1898 - 1920 ) [Ex 37]
* Carlos Rafael Herrera ( April 15, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 38] [28]
 Germany - German Empire
(Deutsches Reich)		Reich President Friedrich Ebert ( 1919 - 1925 ) [Ex 39]
Reich Chancellors :
* Gustav Bauer ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex. 40]
* Wolfgang Kapp ( March 13 - 17, 1920 ) [Ex 41]
* Gustav Bauer ( March 17 - 27, 1920 ) [Ex 42]
* Hermann Muller ( March 27 - June 8, 1920 ) [Ex 43]
* Konstantin Ferenbach ( June 21, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 44] [75]
 
Konstantin Ferenbach
 Honduras - Republic of Honduras
(República de Honduras)		Presidents :
* Francisco Bogran Barahona ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex. 45]
* Rafael Salvador Lopez Gutierrez ( February 1, 1920 - 1924 ) [Ex 46] [10]
 
Rafael Lopez Gutierrez
 Greece - Kingdom of Greece
(Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος)		King Alexandros I ( 1917 - 1920 ) [Ex. 47]
Interim Head of State Eleftherios Venizelos ( October 25 - 28, 1920 ) [Ex. 48]
Regents :
* Pavlos Kunturiotis ( October 28 - November 17, 1920 ) [Ex 49]
* Olga Konstantinovna ( November 17 - December 19, 1920 ) [Ex. 50] King Konstantinos I ( November 17, 1920 - 1922 ) [Ex 51]
Prime Ministers :
* Eleftherios Venizelos ( 1917 - 1920 ) [Ex. 52]
* Dimitrios Rallis ( February 6, November 18, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 53] [53]
 
Olga Konstantinovna
 Georgia - Georgian Democratic Republic
(საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა)		Chairman of the Constituent Assembly Nikolay Semenovich Chkheidze Mdivani ( 1918 - 1921 ) [Pr 54]
Prime Minister Noy Nikolaevich Zhordania ( 1918 - 1921 ) [76]
 Far Eastern Republic (DDA)Chairman of the People's Government Alexander Mikhailovich Krasnoshchyokov ( April 6, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 55]
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers :
* Alexander Mikhailovich Krasnoshchyokov ( April 6 - July 1920 )
* Boris Zakharovich Shumyatsky (July 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 56] [2]
 
Alexander Mikhailovich Krasnoshchekov
 Denmark - Kingdom of Denmark
(Kongeriget Danmark)		King Christian X ( 1912 - 1947 )
Prime Ministers :
* Karl Theodore Tsale ( 1913 - 1920 ) [Ex 57]
* Karl Julius Otto Liebe ( March 30 - April 4, 1920 ) [Ex 58]
* Michael Peterson Friis ( April 5 - May 5, 1920 ) [Ex 59]
* Nils Neergor ( May 5, 1920 - 1924 ) [ Ex 60] [23]
 
Michael Peterson Friis
 Jebel Shammar
(دولة آل رشيد)		Emirs :
* Saud I ibn Abd al-Aziz ar-Rashid ( 1909 - 1920 ) [Ex 61]
* Abdallah II ibn Mitab ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Rashid (May 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 62] [62]
 Ingria - Republic of Northern Ingria
(Pohjois-Inkeri, Kirjasalon tasavalta)
Unrecognized state. It became part of the RSFSR on December 6, 1920 under the terms of the Tartu Peace Treaty.		State Council Chairs :
* Yuryo Elfengren ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 63]
* Yukko, Tirranen (May - December 6, 1920 ) [2]
 Ireland - Ireland
(Poblacht na hÉireann or Saorstát Éireann),
self-proclaimed state.		Chairman of the Ministry Imon de Valera ( 1919 - 1921 )
Chairman of the Provisional Government Imon de Valera ( 1919 - 1922 ) [77]
 Spain - Kingdom of Spain
(Reino de España)		King Alfonso XIII ( 1886 - 1931 )
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers :
* Manuel Aldendalasar Munoz ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 64]
* Eduardo Dato ( May 5, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 65] [78]
 Italy - Kingdom of Italy
(Regno d'Italia)		King Victor Emmanuel III ( 1900 - 1946 )
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers :
* Francesco Saverio Nitti ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 66]
* Giovanni Giolitti ( June 16, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 67] [79]
 Yemen - Yemeni Mutawakkilian Kingdom
(المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية)		Imam of the Hamiddin dynasty Yahya bin Mohammed Hamid ad-Din ( 1918 - 1948 ) [80]
  Canada
(Canada)		King George V ( 1910 - 1936 )
Governor-General Victor Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire ( 1916 - 1921 )
Prime Ministers :
* Robert Laird Borden ( 1911 - 1920 ) [Ex 68]
* Arthur Meigen ( July 10, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 69] [81]
 
Arthur Meigen
 Karelia - North Karelian State
Unrecognized state. Liquidated by the Red Army of the RSFSR on May 18, 1920.		Chairman of the Provisional Government S. A. Tikhonov ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 70] [24]
 Republic of China (in Beijing )
(中華民國)		President Xu Shichang ( 1918 - 1922 )
State Council Premieres :
* Qing Yunpeng ( 1919 - 1920 ) [ Ex. 71]
* Sa Zhenbing ( May 14 - August 9, 1920 ) [Ex. 72]
* Qing Yunpeng ( August 9, 1920 - 1921 ) [ Ex 73] [35]
 
Sa Zhenbing
 Republic of China (in Guangzhou )
(中華民國)		Chairman of the Ruling Committee of the Military Government Zen Chunxuan ( 1918 - 1920 ) [ Ex. 74]
The ruling committee of the Military Government ( October 24, 1920 - 1921 ):
1. Sun Yat-sen
2. Tang Shaoi
3. Wu Tingfang
4. Tang Zhiyao [35]
 Colombia - Republic of Columbia
(República de Colombia)		President Marcos Fidel Suárez ( 1918–1921 ) [82]
 Costa Rica - Republic of Costa Rica
(República de Costa Rica)		Presidents :
* Francisco Aguilar Barkero ( 1919 - 1920 ) [ Ex 75]
* Julio Acosta Garcia ( May 8, 1920 - 1924 ) [Ex 76] [34]
 
Julio Acosta Garcia
 Cuba - Republic of Cuba
(República de Cuba)		President Mario Garcia Menokal ( 1913 - 1921 ) [83]
 Kuban People's Republic
(Kubanska Narodna Respublika)
liquidated by the Red Army of the RSFSR in March-May 1920.		Head chieftains :
* Nikolay Mitrofanovich Uspensky ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 77]
* Nikolai Adrianovich Bukretov (January - March 17, 1920 ) [Ex 78]
Chairman of the Government Vasily Nikolaevich Ivanis ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 79] [1]
 
Nikolai Adrianovich Bukretov
 Latvia - the Republic of Latvia
(Latvijas Republika)		Chairman of the People’s Council Jānis Čakste ( 1918–1920 ) Chairman of the Constituent Assembly Jānis Čakste ( May 1, 1920 - 1922 ) [Ex 80]
Prime Minister Karlis Ulmanis ( 1918 - 1921 ) [4]
 Latvia - Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
(Latvijas Sociālistiskā Padomju Republika)
It was liquidated by the Latvian and Polish armies on January 13, 1920.		Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Petr Ivanovich Stuchka ( 1918 - 1920 ) [Pr 81] [4]
 Liberia - Republic of Liberia
(Republic of Liberia)		Presidents :
* Daniel Edward Howard ( 1912 - 1920 ) [Ex 82]
* Charles Danber King ( January 5, 1920 - 1930 ) [Prov. 83] [3]
 
Charles Danber King
 Libya - Tripolitan Republic
(الجمهورية الطرابلسية)		Chairman of the Republican Council Ahmad Tahir al-Murayid ( 1918 - 1922 ) [84]
 Lithuania - Lithuanian Republic
(Lietuvos Respublika)		President Antanas Smetona ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex. 84]
The chairman of the Constituent Seimas is Alexandras Stulginskis ( June 19, 1920 - 1922 ) [Pr 85]
Prime Ministers :
* Ernestas Galvanauskas ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 86]
* Kazis Grinius ( June 19, 1920 - 1922 ) [Pr 87] [39]
 
Alexandras Stulginskis
 Lithuania - The Republic of Middle Lithuania
(Republika Litwy Środkowej, Vidurio Lietuvos Respublika, Republican Syardeniae Lіtvy)
Unrecognized state. It was proclaimed on October 12, 1920 in Vilna on the part of the territory of Lithuania occupied by the Polish army.		The head of state Lucian Zeligovsky ( October 12, 1920 - 1922 ) [Ex 88]
( Chairman of the provisional government commission Vitold Abramovich ( October 12, 1920 - 1921 ) [39]
 
Lucian Zeligovsky
  Liechtenstein - Principality of Liechtenstein
(Fürstentum Liechtenstein)		Prince Johann II ( 1858 - 1929 ) [85]
 Luxembourg - Great Luxembourg State
(Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Großherzogtum Luxemburg)		Grand Duchess Charlotte ( 1919 - 1964 )
Prime Minister Emile Retie ( 1918 - 1925 ) [86]
 Mexico - Mexico United States
(Estados Unidos Mexicanos)		Presidents :
* Venustiano Carranza ( 1915 - May 21, 1920 ) [Ex 89]
* Adolfo de la Worth ( April 23 - December 1, 1920 ) [Ex 90]
* Alvaro Obregon Salido ( December 1, 1920 - 1924 ) [Prov 91] [36]
 
Alvaro Obregon
 Monaco - Principac de MonacoPrince Albert I ( 1889 - 1922 )
Minister of State Raymond Le Bourdon ( 1919 - 1923 ) [87]
 Mongolia - State of Mongolia
(Bogd Haant Mongol uls)
February 19, 1920 declared part of China.		Bogd Khan Bogd Gegen VIII ( 1911 - 1924 ) [13]
 Nejd - Sultanate of Nejd
(نجد)		Sultan Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud ( 1902 - 1926 ) [62]
 Nepal - the Kingdom of Nepal
(Nepal Adhirajya)		King Tribhubana ( 1911 - 1955 )
Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jung Bahadur ( 1901 - 1929 ) [Prov 92] [88]
 Netherlands - Kingdom of the Netherlands
(Koninkrijk der Nederlanden).		Queen Wilhelmina ( 1890 - 1948 )
Prime Minister Charles Reis von Berenbroek ( 1918 - 1925 ) [89]
 Nicaragua - Republic of Nicaragua
(República de Nicaragua)		President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas ( 1917 - 1921 ) [90]
 New Zealand
(New Zealand)		King George V ( 1910 - 1936 )
Governor-General :
* Arthur Fulj ( 1912 - 1920 ) [ Ex. 93]
* John Rushworth Jellico ( September 27, 1920 - 1924 ) [Ex 94]
Prime Minister William Massey ( 1912 - 1925 ) [91]
 
John rushworth jellico
 Norway - Kingdom of Norway
(Kongeriket Norge)		King Haakon VII ( 1905 - 1957 )
Prime Ministers :
* Gunnar Knudsen ( 1913 - 1920 ) [Ex 95]
* Otto Bar Halvorsen ( June 21, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 96] [92]
 
Otto Bar Halvorsen
 Oman - Sultanate of Oman
(سلطنة عُمان)		Sultan Tymur Bin Faisal ( 1913 - 1932 ) [93]
 Panama - Panama Republic
(República de Panamá)		Presidents :
* Belisario Porras Barahona ( 1918 - 1920 ) [Ex. 97]
* Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre de la Ossa ( January 30 - October 1, 1920 ) [Ex. 98]
* Belisario Porras Barahona ( October 1, 1920 - 1924 ) [Ex 99] [9]
 
Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre
 Paraguay - Republic of Paraguay
(República del Paraguay)		Presidents :
* Jose Pedro Montero Candia ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 100]
* Manuel Gondra Pereira ( August 15, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 101] [48]
 Peru - Republic of Peru
(República del Perú)		President Augusto Bernardino Legia and Salcedo ( 1919 - 1930 )
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Erman Legia-y-Martinez ( 1919 - 1922 ) [94]
 Persia - The Supreme State of Persia
(دولت علیّه ایران; Dowlat-e Elliye-ye Irân)		Shahinshakh Sultan Ahmad Shah ( 1909 - 1925 )
Prime Ministers :
* Hassan Pyrnia ( 1918 - 1920 ) [ Ex. 102]
* Fazolla Khan Akbar ( October 16, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 103] [37] [95]
 
Fazolla Khan Akbar
 Persia - Persian Soviet Socialist Republic
(مهوری شوروی سوسیالستی گیلان - jomhuri-ye šuravi-ye sosiâlisti-ye gilân)
Proclaimed on June 5, 1920 in northern Persia.		The ruler Mirza Kuchek Khan ( June 5 - June 30, 1920 )) [Ex. 104]
President Iskhan Alla-Khan Dustdar (July 1920 - 1921 ) [37]
 
Mirza Kuchek Khan
 Poland - Polish Republic
(Rzeczpospolita Polska)		The head of state Juzef Pilsudski ( 1918 - 1922 ) [Pr 105]
Prime Ministers :
* Leopold Skulsky ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex. 106]
* Vladislav Grabsky ( June 23 - July 24, 1920 ) [Ex 107]
* Vincent Vitos ( July 24, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex. 108]

Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Poland [Pr 109]
Julian Marchlewski ( July 30 - August 20, 1920 ) [Ex 110] [41]
 
Vincent Vitos
 Republic of Pont
(Δημοκρατία του Πόντου)
State education that existed de facto .		The head of the Provisional Government Vasilis Ioannidis ( 1918 - 1922 ) [96]
 Portugal - Portuguese Republic
(República Portuguesa)		President Antonio Jose di Almeida ( 1919 - 1923 )
Presidents of the Council of Ministers :
* To Alfred Ernesht di sa Cardoso ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex. 111]
* Francisco Jose di Ménesis Fernandes Costa ( January 16, 1920 ) [ Ex 112]
* To Alfred Ernesht di sa Cardoso ( January 16 - 21, 1920 ) [Ex. 113]
* Domingos Leyti Pereira ( January 21 - March 8, 1920 ) [Ex. 114]
* Antonio Maria Batishta ( March 8 - June 6, 1920 ) [Ex. 115]
* José Ramos Preto ( June 6 - 26, 1920 ) [Ex 116]
* António Maria da Silva ( June 26 - July 19, 1920 ) [Ex 117]
* Antonio Joaquin Grani ( July 19 - November 20, 1920 ) [Ex 118]
* Alvaru Xavier di Castro ( November 20 - 30, 1920 ) [Ex 119]
* Liberatu Damien Ribeiro Pinto ( November 30, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 120] [7]
 
António maria da silva
 Russia - Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR)Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Mikhail Kalinin ( 1919 - 1938 )
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( 1917 - 1924 ) [2]
 Russia - Russian State
Liquidated by the Red Army of the RSFSR in January 1920, its Crimean enclave - in November 1920		Supreme Ruler Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak ( 1918 - January 4, 1920 ) [Ex 121]
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, and. about. Supreme Ruler Anton Ivanovich Denikin ( January 4 - April 4, 1920 ) [Ex. 122]
Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia Peter Nikolayevich Wrangel ( April 4 - November 16, 1920 ) [Ex 123]
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Government Viktor Nikolaevich Pepelyaev ( 1919 - January 4, 1920 ) [Ex 124]
Chairman of the Government of the South of Russia, Alexander Vasilyevich Krivoshein ( April 4 - November 11, 1920 ) [Pr 125] [2]
 
Anton Ivanovich Denikin
 Russia - Russian Eastern Fringe
October 28, 1920 became part of the Far Eastern Republic .		The commander of the troops of the Russian Eastern outskirts Grigory Semyonov ( January 4 - October 28, 1920 ) [Ex 126]
Prime Minister Sergei Afanasyevich Taskin ( January 16 - October 28, 1920 ) [Pr 127] [2]
 
Sergey Afanasyevich Taskin
 Romania - Kingdom of Romania
(Regatul Romăniei)		King Ferdinand I ( 1914 - 1927 )
Prime Ministers :
* To Alexander Vaida-Voevod ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 128]
* To Alexander Averescu ( March 19, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex. 129] [20]
 Russian People's Republic of Lemko
(Ruska Narodna Respublika Lemkiv)
Liquidated by the Polish army on March 12, 1920		Chairman of the Central National Council Yaroslav Feofilovich Kachmarchik ( 1918 - March 12, 1920 ) [Ex 130]
Chairman of the Executive Council Mikhail Osipovich Yurchakevich ( 1918 - March 12, 1920 ) [Pr 131] [17]
 El Salvador - Republic of El Salvador
(República de El Salvador)		President Jorge Meléndez Ramirez ( 1919 - 1923 ) [97]
 San Marino - Serene Republic of San Marino
(Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino)		Captains Regent :
* Moreau Morri and Francesco Pauskuali ( 1919 - 1920 )
* Marino Rossi and Kiro Franchini ( April 1 - October 1, 1920 )
* Carlo Balsemini and Simone Michelotti ( October 1, 1920 - 1921 ) [98]
 North Caucasus Emirate
Unrecognized state. Eliminated by the Red Army of the RSFSR on March 30, 1920.		Emir Uzun-Khadzhi ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 132] [24]
 USA
(United States of America)		President Woodrow Thomas Wilson ( 1913 - 1921 ) [99]
 Somalia - Dervish State
(Daraawiish, دولة الدراويش)
Liquidated by the British Army on February 9, 1920.		King Said Mohammed Abdilla Hassan ( 1897 - 1920 ) [Pr 133] [100]
 Thailand - Kingdom of Siam
(ราช อาณาจักร ไทย)		King Wachiraudood (Rama VI) ( 1910 - 1925 ) [101]
 Tonga - King Thang
(Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga)		Queen Salote Tupou III ( 1918 - 1965 )
Prime Minister Tevita Tu'ivakano ( 1912 - 1922 ) [102]
 Turkey - Ottoman Empire or the Great Ottoman State
(دوله عثمانیه عالیه, Devlet-i Âliyye-i Osmâniyye)		Sultan and Khalif Mehmed VI Vahiddin ( 1918 - 1922 )
Great Vesiri :
* Ali Ryza Pasha ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 134]
* Salih Hulusi Pasha ( March 8 - April 5, 1920 ) [Ex 135]
* Damat Mahmoud Ferid-Pasha ( April 5 - October 18, 1920 ) [Pr 136]
* Ahmed Tefvik Pasha ( October 21, 1920 - 1922 ) [Ex 137] [103]
 
Salih Hulusi Pasha
 Turkey - Turkish StateChairman of the Grand National Assembly Mustafa Kemal Pasha ( April 23, 1920 - 1923 ) [Ex 138]
Prime Minister Mustafa Kemal Pasha ( April 23, 1920 - 1921 ) [103]
 
Mustafa Kemal Pasha
 Ukraine - Galician Socialist Soviet Republic (GSSR)
(Galician Socialist Radyanska Republic, Galicyjska Socjalistyczna Republika Rad)
Proclaimed in Ternopil on July 6, 1920, during the offensive of the South-Western Front of the Red Army. Liquidated during the counteroffensive of the Polish army on September 22, 1920. March 18, 1921 the territory of the GSSR officially became part of Poland.		Chairman of the Galician Revolutionary Committee Vladimir Petrovich Zatonsky ( July 6 - September 21, 1920 ) [Pr 139]
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Galicia Karl Avksentyevich Savrich ( July 6 - September 21, 1920 ) [Ex 140] [17]
 
Vladimir Petrovich Zatonsky
 Ukraine - Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR)
(Українська Narodna Respublika)
The territory became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Poland. From November 22, 1920, the leadership of the UNR was in exile.		Chairman of the Directory Simon Vasilyevich Petlyura ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 141]
Chairs of the Council of People’s Ministers :
* Isaac Prokhorovich Mazepa ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 142]
* Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Prokopovich ( May 26 - November 10, 1920 ) [Ex. 143] [17]
 
Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Prokopovich
 Ukraine - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR)
(Ukrainian Radyanska Socialist Republic)		Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky ( 1919 - 1920 )
Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky ( February 19, 1920 - 1938 )
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars :
* Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky ( 1919 - 1920 )
* Christian G. Rakovsky ( February 19, 1920 - 1923 )
Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine :
* Rafail Borisovich Farbman (January - March 23, 1920 ) [Ex 144]
* Nikolai Ilich Nikolaev ( March 23 - 25, 1920 )
* Stanislav Kostior Vikentyevich ( March 25 - November 23, 1920 ) [Ex 145]
Executive Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov ( November 23, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex. 146] [17]
 
Vyacheslav M. Molotov
 Ukraine - Kholodnoyarskaya Republic
(Kholodnoyarska Republic)		Head chieftains :
* Vasily Stepanovich Chuchupak ( 1919 - March 18, 1920 ) [Ex 147]
* Ivan Derkach Timofeevich (Black) ( March 18 - September 24, 1920 ) [Ex 148]
* Konstantin Y. Pestushko (Kostya Blakitny) ( September 24, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 149]
* Nikolai Ivanovich Bondarchuk (October 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 150] [17]
 Uruguay - Eastern Republic of Uruguay
(República Oriental del Uruguay)		President Baltasar Brum ( 1919 - 1923 ) [104]
 Finland - Finland Republic
(Suomen tasavalta)		President Kaarlo Juho Stolberg ( 1919 - 1925 )
Prime Ministers :
* Juho Vennola ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex. 151]
* Raphael Erich ( March 15, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 152] [105]
 
Rafael Erich
 Republic of Fiume
(Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro)
Self-proclaimed state. It was liquidated on December 30, 1920 by the army of Italy.		Duce Gabriele d'Annunzio ( September 8 - December 30, 1920 ) [Ex. 153] [51]
 
Gabriele d'Annunzio
 France - French Republic
(République française)		Presidents :
* Raymond Poincare ( 1913 - 1920 ) [Ex. 154]
* Paul Deschanel ( January 18 - September 21, 1920 ) [Ex. 155]
* Alexander Millerand ( September 23, 1920 - 1924 ) [Ex 156]
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers :
* Georges Clemenceau ( 1917 - 1920 ) [Ex. 157]
* Alexander Millerand ( January 20 - September 23, 1920 ) [Ex 158]
* Georges Leig ( September 24, 1920 - 1921 ) [Pr 159] [106]
 
Alexander Millerand
 Hejaz - Kingdom of Hejaz
(الحجاز)		King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi ( 1916 - 1924 ) [62]
  Khiva Khanate
(Xiva Xonligi)
, April 26, 1920 - Khiva People’s Soviet Republic (HNSR)
(Xorazm Xalq Sho'ro Jumhuriyati)		Khan Said Abdullah Khan ( 1918 - February 2, 1920 ) [Ex 160]
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee, Hadji Pohlavon Niyyaz Yusuf ( February 2 - March 1920 )
Chairman of the Provisional Government Jumaniyaz Sulton Muradogli (March - April 30, 1920 )
Chairman of the Assembly of People’s Representatives Hadji Pohlavon Niyyaz Yusuf ( April 30, 1920 - 1921 )
Chairman of the Council of Folk Nazirov Mohammed Salimoglu ( February 2, 1920 - 1921 )
The first secretaries of the Khorezm Communist Party :
* Alimjan Akchurin ( April 4 - June 3, 1920 )
* Jumaniyaz Sultanmuradov ( June 3, 1920 - 1921 ) [70]
 Czechoslovakia - Czechoslovak Republic
(Československá republika)		President Tomash Garrig Masaryk ( 1918 - 1935 )
Prime Ministers :
* Vlastimil Tusar ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Pr 161]
* Jan Černý ( September 15, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 162] [107]
 
Jan Cerny
 Chile - Republic of Chile
(República de Chile)		Presidents :
* Juan Luis Sanfuentes ( 1915 - 1920 ) [Ex 163]
* Arturo Alessandri ( December 23, 1920 - 1924 ) [Pr 164] [56]
 
Arturo Alessandri
 Switzerland - Switzerland Confederation
(Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Confédération suisse, Confederazione Svizzera)		Federal Council :
Giuseppe Motta ( 1911 - 1940 ) - President
Edmund Schultes ( 1912 - 1935 )
Felix-Louis Calonder ( 1913 - February 12, 1920 )
Robert Haab ( 1917 - 1929 )
Karl Schörer ( 1919 - 1929 )
Jean-Marie Musey ( 1919 - 1934 )
Ernest Shuar ( 1919 - 1928 )
Heinrich Heberlin ( February 12, 1920 - 1934 ) [108]
 
Giuseppe Motta
 Sweden - the Kingdom of Sweden
(Konungariket Sverige)		King Gustav V ( 1907 - 1950 )
Prime Ministers :
* Niels Eden ( 1917 - 1920 ) [Ex. 165]
* Karl Yalmar Branting ( March 10 - October 27, 1920 ) [Ex 166]
* Gerard Louis von De Geer ( October 27, 1920 - 1921 ) [Ex 167] [109]
 
Gerard Louis von De Geer
 Ecuador - Republic of Ecuador
(República del Ecuador)		Presidents :
* Alfredo Bakeriso Moreno ( 1916 - 1920 ) [R 168]
* Jose Luis Tamayo ( September 1, 1920 - 1924 ) [Ex 169] [49]
 Estonia - Estonia
(Eesti Vabariik)		Chairman of the Constituent Assembly August Rei ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex 170]
Elder Ants Pipe ( December 21, 1920 - 1921 ) [Pr 171] Prime Ministers :
* Jaan Tynison ( 1919 - 1920 ) [ Ex. 172]
* Ado Birk ( July 28 - 30, 1920 ) [Ex. 173]
* Jaan Tynison ( July 30 - October 26, 1920 ) [Ex. 174]
* Ants Piip ( October 26 - December 21, 1920 ) [Pr 175] [46]
 Ethiopia - Ethiopian Empire
(የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ)		Emperor Zauditu ( 1916 - 1930 )
Regent Tafari Makonnyn ( 1916 - 1930 )
Chief Minister Habte Giorgis ( 1909 - 1927 ) [110]
 Yugoslavia - the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (KSHS)
(Krasjevina Srba. Khrvata and Slovenac, Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca)		King Peter I ( 1918 - 1921 )
Regent Prince Alexander ( 1918 - 1921 )
Prime Ministers :
* Lyubomir Davidovich ( 1919 - 1920 ) [Ex. 176]
* Stoyan Protic ( February 19 - May 17, 1920 ) [Ex. 177]
* Milenko Radomar Vesnich ( May 17, 1920 - 1921 ) [Pr 178] [111]
 
Milenko Radomar Vesnich
 Union of South Africa
(Union of South Africa, Unie van Suid-Afrika)		King George V ( 1910 - 1936 )
Governor-General :
* Sydney Charles Buxton, 1st Baron Buxton ( 1914 - 1920 ) [Ex. 179]
* Arthur of Connaught ( November 17, 1920 - 1924 ) [Ex 180]
Prime Minister Jan Christian Smuts ( 1919 - 1924 ) [112]
 Japan
(日本)		The Emperor Yoshihito ( 1912 - 1926 )
Prime Minister Takahashi Hara ( 1918 - 1921 ) [113]

Appendix

 
 
 
 
 
Michael Mayr (Austria)Mamed-Hasan Jafarkuli oglu Hajinsky (Azerbaijan)Gregory Naumovich Kaminsky (Azerbaijan)Suleiman Bey Delvina (Albania)Shandor Shimony-Shemadam (Hungary)
 
 
 
 
 
Pal Teleky (Hungary)Wolfgang Kapp (Germany)Hermann Muller (Germany)Boris Zakharovich Shumyatsky (Far Eastern Republic)Otto Liebe (Denmark)
 
 
 
 
 
Kazis Grinius (Lithuania)Adolfo de la Worth (Mexico)Wladyslaw Grabski (Poland)Julian Marchlewski (Poland)Francisco Jose di Ménesis Fernandish Costa (Portugal)
 
 
 
 
 
António Maria Batishta (Portugal)Antonio Joaquin Grani (Portugal)Alvaru Xavier di Castro (Portugal)Liberato Damian Ribeiro Pinto (Portugal)Petr Nikolaevich Wrangel (Russia)
 
 
 
 
Alexander V. Krivoshein (Russia)Paul Deschanel (France)Georges Leig (France)Karl Jalmar Branting (Sweden)
 
Ado Birk (Estonia)Jaan Tynison (Estonia)

Comments

  1. ↑ Four-year term expired. After retirement he returned to the UK. Got titles peer and viscount. In 1922 he joined the government. He died in 1936 in Scotland at the age of 74 years.
  2. ↑ He studied both Eton and Oxford, since 1892 a deputy from the Conservative Party. Age - 54 years. Lord of the Treasury in the years 1902-1905 and 1915-19. Since 1919, peer, Baron. In June 1920, accepted the offer to take the post of governor-general.
  3. ↑ Interim President, Chairman of the Constituent Assembly. Chairman of the Social Democratic Party. Resigned after the election of the constitutional president. He was the mayor of Vienna (1923-34), in 1944 he was sent to concentration camps, in 1945 he was released and elected honorary chairman of the Socialist Party. He died in 1950 in Vienna at the age of 80.
  4. ↑ Elected by the Federal Assembly. Nonpartisan Age - 62 years. The term of office is 4 years, until December 9, 1924. Lawyer, educated in Leipzig, Vienna and Berlin, LL.D. Engaged in research and teaching work.
  5. ↑ Representative of the Social Democratic Party. He headed the coalition cabinet of the Social Democratic and Christian Social Parties. Resigned June 10, 1920. In 1945, he again became the Federal Chancellor.
  6. ↑ Representative of the Christian Social Party, deputy since 1919. Age - 56 years. He led the transitional coalition cabinet Social-Democratic and Christian-social parties. Historian, professor, director of the Tyrolean State Archives since 1897. Deputy of the Reichsrat of Austria-Hungary in 1907-11. In accordance with the Constitution adopted on October 1, he held parliamentary elections on October 17, in which HSP won. After the Social Democrats left the government on October 22, a new cabinet was formed on the basis of the coalition of the Social Democratic Party, the CSP and the Great German Party. Portrait see attachments.
  7. Emigrated during the fall of the ADR, participated in the Genoa and Lausanne conferences (1922-23). He died in 1934 in Paris at the age of 72.
  8. ↑ Resigned March 30, 1920 due to criticism from the opposition. After the Red Army entered the country, he fled from Baku, was killed under unclear circumstances on May 31, 1920, in Kurdomir at the age of approx. 39 years.
  9. ↑ Minister of the Interior since 1919, member of the Musavat Party. Age - 45 years. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, an oil engineer. He worked in Moscow and Baku. He was a member of the government of the Transcaucasian Commissariat, the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Minister of Finance of Azerbaijan. On April 22, 1920, he declared that the formation of a government was impossible and joined the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. When the Soviet government worked in the city improvement. He was arrested in 1930, died in 1931 in the Tbilisi prison at the age of 55. Portrait see attachments.
  10. ↑ Elected by the I (Constituent) Congress of the KP (b) A.
  11. ↑ Member of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist Party. Age - 42 years. Member of the RSDLP since 1903, graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, taught at the gymnasium in Baku. In 1917 a member of the Baku city committee, then the Transcaucasian Regional Party Committee. In 1918-19, the chairman of the Astrakhan Provincial Committee of the RCP (b), then sent to underground work in Azerbaijan. After 1922, at the party work, in 1924-25 he headed the party organization of Kazakhstan. Since 1931, the head of the All-Union Trade Academy. Arrested in 1939, shot in 1940. Rehabilitated in 1955.
  12. ↑ Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) from 1917 to March 1920, secretary of the Transcaucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Age - 46 years. Teacher, party member since 1898. After leaving Azerbaijan, she was the organizational secretary of the German Communist Party, was a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Central Election Commission of the USSR. She died in 1966 in Moscow at the age of 93. Buried in the Kremlin wall.
  13. ↑ Member of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist Party. Age - 41 years. Biographical data no. In 1927 he was sentenced to 3 years of exile.
  14. ↑ Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Tula Provincial Council, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 2nd Army since 1918. Directed by the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Age - 24 years. The real surname Hoffman, a member of the RSDLP (b) since 1913, graduated from the two courses of the medical faculty of Moscow University, in 1917 a member of the Moscow Regional Bureau of the RSDLP (b), then sent to work in Tula. Portrait see attachments.
  15. ↑ Head of national government with residence in Tirana. He was appointed to proclaim independence by the Congress in Lushn, which deposed the provisional government of Tarhan Pasha Permeti in Durres. Age - 48 years. He was educated in Istanbul, served in the diplomatic department of the Ottoman Empire. Member of the Albanian national movement, represented Albania at the Paris Peace Conference. In 1924, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, then lived in exile for several years. He died in 1932 in Vlora at the age of 60. Portrait see attachments.
  16. ↑ Appointed by the Regency Council with the task of holding the first parliamentary elections. The government took over on December 10th. Age - approx. 38 years. From a noble Albanian family, was educated in Istanbul. Member of the national movement, one of the signatories of the first Declaration of Independence in 1912, a member of the provisional government.
  17. ↑ Representative of the Dashnaktsutyun party. After the fall of the First Republic he emigrated to Paris, participated in the London and Lausanne conferences. He died in 1948 in Marseille.
  18. The head of the Armenian Communists, a member of the Caucasian Territorial Committee of the RCP (b). He was proclaimed chairman of the Revolutionary Military Committee in Karavansaray when the 11th Army of the Red Army entered parts of Armenia, and arrived in Yerevan on 4 December together with Soviet units. Age - 44 years. He studied at the Leipzig Commercial Institute, graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of Berlin University. In 1905 he joined the RSDLP (b), one of the leaders of the Bolshevik press. Since 1918 a member of the Caucasian Territorial Committee of the RCP (b).
  19. ↑ Representative of the Dashnaktsutyun party. In the summer of 1920, he went abroad as part of a government bureau to arrange a loan. December 2 signed the Treaty of Alexandropol with Turkey, then lived in exile in Paris. Participated in the Lausanne Conference, in the activities of public organizations. In 1940 he moved to Portugal, he returned after the liberation of France. He died in 1945 in Paris at the age of 71.
  20. ↑ Representative of the Dashnaktsutyun party. Age - 46 years. He graduated from the Tiflis gymnasium, studied at the medical faculty of Moscow University, but was expelled and in 1896 exiled to the Tiflis province. In 1899 he emigrated to Belgium, graduated from the University of Lausanne, worked as a doctor. In 1912-15 he was in exile in the Irkutsk province. In 1918, the Minister of the Transcaucasian Commissariat. After the establishment of Soviet power, he emigrated to Georgia, then lived in Iran and Egypt. He died in 1947 in Cairo.
  21. ↑ Representative of the Dashnaktsutyun Party, Minister of Agriculture and Labor since 1919. Age - approx. 38 years. He graduated from the Erivan Theological Seminary, studied at the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg University. Since 1906, in a revolutionary activity, he lived in Turkey for several years, published a newspaper in the USA. In World War I served in the Armenian volunteer squads. In 1918, the deputy of the Transcaucasian Seim, then the diplomatic representative of Armenia to the Volunteer Army, A. I. Denikin. He resigned from the agreement on December 2 on the Sovietization of Armenia. He headed the Committee to Save the Motherland, but after the suppression of the uprising in 1921, he emigrated. He lived in France and the United States, from 1951 he was the director of the Armenian Theological Seminary in Lebanon. He died in 1969 in Beirut.
  22. ↑ He graduated from the seminary in Tiflis, was a member of the Dashnaktsutyun, in 1917 joined the RSDLP (b). In 1918 he was a member of the Baku commune. Age - 23 years.
  23. ↑ I. o. until December 19, 1920. Age - 28 years. He graduated from the Vilna Teachers' Institute and the Alexander Military School, since 1915 at the front of the First World War. In May 1917, he joined the RSDLP (b), an active participant in the October events in Petrograd, then one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party of Belarus. In 1918, he was a member of the Provisional Workers 'and Peasants' Government of Belarus, in 1919-20, the People's Commissar of Education of the Lithuanian-Belarusian SSR.
  24. ↑ Member of the Bureau, Secretary of the CC CP (B) B since June 1920. He led the party at the III Party Congress after the partition of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Lithuania and Belarus into the Communist Parties of Lithuania and Belarus. Age - 24 years. He graduated from high school in Smolensk, worked as a tutor, in 1916 entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University. In March 1917 he joined the RSDLP (b), since 1919 the secretary of the Smolensk district and city committee of the RCP (b). He left the post in connection with the appointment of the People's Commissar of Finance of Belarus. Later he was Commissar of Finance of Armenia (1921-22), the Transcaucasian SFSR (1922-28), head of the department of the Transcaucasian Regional Committee and chairman of the Supreme Council of National Economy ZSFSR (1928-30), deputy people's commissar of finance of the USSR (1931). From 1934 he worked in the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). Arrested in 1937, shot in 1938 in Moscow. Rehabilitated in 1955.
  25. ↑ Military Commissar of the Smolensk Military District since 1919. Age - approx. 30 years. He was a worker in a cotton factory, then he graduated from the Wolmar Teachers' Gymnasium. In the First World War he served on the Western Front, participated in the revolutionary events in Minsk. Since 1918, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Lithuania and Belarus, member of the government and the Defense Council of the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Republic.
  26. ↑ A representative of the Catholic Party, headed the coalition cabinet (Christian Democratic, Liberal and Socialist parties). He resigned on November 19, 1920, was appointed to the Commission on Reparations and left for Germany. He died in 1929 in Baden-Baden at the age of 61 years.
  27. ↑ A representative of the Catholic Party, headed the coalition cabinet of national unity (Christian Democratic, Liberal and Socialist parties). Age - 51 years. Lawyer, deputy since 1896, Minister of Justice in 1911-18.
  28. ↑ Constitutional President, representative of the Liberal Party, ruling since 1899. Overthrown during the so-called. "Revolution July 12, 1920," carried out by the Republican Party. The four-year term of presidential office expired on August 15, 1921. He emigrated to Chile, worked in commercial structures. He died in 1929 in Antofagasta at the age of 59 years.
  29. ↑ Lawyer, historian, sociologist, diplomat. Age - 49 years. In 1915 he founded the Republican Party, which carried out with the help of the army so-called. "The Revolution of July 12, 1920". Supreme political leader July 12-13, then a member of the junta, from July 19, acting president.
  30. ↑ Head of the junta from July 13 to 19, 1920.
  31. ↑ Emir since 1910, Adjutant General of the Russian army. On August 23, 1920, the Bukhara Communist Party launched an anti-government uprising; on August 28, units of the Turkestan Front of the Red Army entered the territory of the emirate. On the night of August 31, he fled from Bukhara to the town of Gydzh-Duvan, then to Afghanistan. He lived in exile, traded astrakhan, supported the rebel Basmach movement. He died in Kabul in 1944 at the age of 64.
  32. ↑ Prime Minister.
  33. ↑ Military, Admiral. After the National Assembly restored the monarchy in Hungary on February 13, 1920, on March 1, it was elected regent at the vacant throne, gaining 131 votes out of 141. Age - 51 years. He graduated from the Naval Academy in Fiume, in 1892-94 he completed the voyage to East Asia and Micronesia, the adjutant wing of the Emperor Franz Joseph in 1911-1914. During the First World War he commanded a dreadnought, a cruiser. In 1918, the admiral, commander of the Navy of Austria-Hungary. In 1919, he was government minister in Szeged, then commander-in-chief of the Hungarian army.
  34. ↑ He headed the coalition cabinet (Christian Party of National Unification, Party of Small Rural Owners of István Nagytidi Sabo and the Social Democratic Party). January 15, the Social Democratic Party withdrew from the coalition. On January 25 and February 23, he held elections to the National Assembly. Resigned March 1, 1920 after the election of Miklos Horthy as regent. He remained a member of parliament, in 1927-34 he was president of the National Institute of Social Insurance. In 1934, he lost the deputy mandate, but continued to actively participate in politics. He died in 1941 in Budapest at the age of 59 years.
  35. ↑ First Deputy Chairman of the National Assembly since February 18, 1920, member of the Smallholders Party. Age - 55 years. Lawyer, was educated in Hungary, Germany and the USA. Was known as an orientalist. In January, he was elected to the National Assembly. He was appointed regent of Horthy, formed a coalition government of the Christian Party of the national association and the Party of small farmers. Resigned on June 26 as a result of a conflict with the military. In 1922 he returned to the practice of law. He died in 1946 in Budapest at the age of 82. Portrait see attachments.
  36. ↑ Count, formed the government of the “Government Party” (Christian Party of the national association, the Party of small farmers and the “group of immigrants”. Age - 40 years. Geographer, member of the Academy of Sciences of Hungary, director of a scientific publishing house (1911-13), general secretary of the Geographical Society since 1910. On December 2, he resigned, on December 16, he formed a new cabinet in the same composition. For the portrait, see the attachments.
  37. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Party. After the execution of the unionist demonstration on March 11, 1920, clashes began in the country. On April 8, the personal secretary of the president, General José Maria Letona, announced to the National Assembly that Estrada Cabrera was mentally ill and the parliament removed him from office. The next day, ordered to bomb the capital, but was removed. The fourth presidential term expired on March 21, 1923. Placed under house arrest, then put on trial. He died in 1924 in the capital of Guatemala at the age of 66 years during the trial.
  38. ↑ Interim President appointed by the Legislative Assembly on April 8, 1920. Age - approx. 64 years old. Conservative. Entrepreneur, owner of a sugar factory. He won as a candidate from the coalition of the Unionist and Democratic parties in the presidential election on August 27, 1920, beating Jose Leon Castellon from the Republican Party and Francisco Fuentes from the Western Republican and Constitutional Liberal Parties. The term of office is six years, until September 15, 1926.
  39. ↑ During the Kapp coup on March 13, he fled to Dresden with the government, then to Stuttgart. Returned to Berlin on March 17th.
  40. ↑ Social Democrat. He led the government of the Weimar Coalition (Social Democratic Party, Catholic Party Center and Democratic Party). On March 9, the National Assembly decided to transfer the powers to the new Reichstag. On March 10, General Walter Luttwitz approached Berlin with parts of Freikor and presented the Government with an ultimatum demanding the dissolution of the National Assembly, re-election of the President and refusal to comply with a number of steel of the Versailles Treaty. On the night of March 13, the government fled to Dresden, then to Stuttgart.
  41. ↑ A member of the Reichstag, a monarchist, proclaimed himself Reich Chancellor after the occupation of Berlin by the troops of General Luttwitz. Age - 61 year. Born in the USA, in 1870 with his parents he moved to Germany, a lawyer, worked in the system of the Ministry of Finance, was engaged in agricultural production. In 1917 he founded the German national party, in 1918 he was elected to the Reichstag. The March 13 speech, known as the Kapp putsch, was not supported by the army, and on March 17, Kapp and Luttwitz fled to Sweden. In the spring of 1922 he returned to Germany to defend his position, but he died on June 12, 1922 in Leipzig at the age of 63 during a surgical operation. Portrait see attachments.
  42. ↑ Resigned March 26 as having lost the confidence of the party after negotiations with Kapp. Later he held the posts of Minister of Transport, Vice-Chancellor and Minister of Finance. In 1925 he was expelled from the party after accusations of corruption, in 1926 he was reinstated in the SPD. In 1928 he laid down the deputy mandate, was out of politics. Arrested by the Nazis in 1933 on criminal charges, released in 1935. He died in September 1944 in Hersdorf (Berlin) at the age of 74.
  43. ↑ Social Democrat, Minister of Foreign Affairs since 1919. He led the government of the Weimar Coalition (Social Democratic Party, Catholic Party Center and Democratic Party). Age - 43 years. Trade officer, in 1893 joined the SPD, since 1898 engaged in journalism. Since 1906 a member of the Central Committee of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, from 1916 a deputy of the Reichstag, since 1919 the chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. On May 21, the National Assembly was dissolved, on June 6, elections to the Reichstag, in which the position of the SPD was weakened. June 8, resigned, became chairman of the SPD in the Reichstag. In 1928 he again headed the government. Portrait see attachments.
  44. ↑ Representative of the Catholic Party Center. Headed the coalition government (the Center Party, the German People’s and the Democratic Party of Germany). Age - 68 years. He graduated from the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Catholic Theology at the University of Freiburg, in 1882 joined the party of the Center. Since 1885, deputy of the Landtag of Baden, since 1903 - the imperial Reichstag. In 1917 he was the chairman of the Reichstag, in 1919 the chairman of the Constituent Assembly in Weimar.
  45. ↑ Interim President. He died in 1926 in New Orleans (USA) at the age of approx. 74 years old.
  46. ↑ Military, divisional general. Age - approx. 66 years old. Elected from the Liberal Republican Party in the presidential election of October 26-28, 1919, defeating Alberto Membrano from the National Democratic Party. The term of office is 4 years, until February 1, 1924. The son of President Juan Lopez (1855), was educated in London, began his career as a lawyer. During the First Civil War (1919), he led one of the rebel columns, which on October 17, 1919 entered the capital, overthrowing the regime of President Francisco Bertrand Barahona.
  47. ↑ On October 2, 1920, he was bitten in the royal garden by the monkey, then caused blood poisoning. He died on October 25, 1920 in Athens at the age of 27 years. He was buried on October 29, 1920.
  48. ↑ Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
  49. ↑ Military, retired admiral. Age - 65 years. Member of the Greek-Turkish (1897), Balkan and First World Wars. Since 1917, retired. Again became regent in 1923. Portrait see. List 1924.
  50. ↑ The widow of King George I. The Grand Duchess of the House of Romanov, granddaughter of Emperor Nicholas I, daughter of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich. Age - 69 years. In 1867 she married the king of Greece. After his murder in 1913, she returned to Russia. After 1917, she lived in exile in Switzerland. On October 19, she was called to her mortally ill sons to Greece, but the government of E. Venizelos forbade her to return. Then permission was obtained, but Olga Konstantinovna did not have time for the funeral on October 29 because of the storm. After the defeat of Venizelos in the elections, the new Prime Minister D.Rallis offered her a regency for the period until the return of King Konstantinos. In subsequent years, she was treated in Paris. She died in 1926 in Rome at the age of 74 years. Her grandson is the Duke of Edinburgh, the husband of the British Queen Elizabeth II.
  51. ↑ King in the years 1913-1917. Age - 52 years. He lived in exile in Switzerland. Restored on the throne as a result of the referendum on December 5, 1920. He returned to Athens and took the throne on December 19, 1920.
  52. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Party. After the death of the king announced his intention to proclaim a republic. Resigned after the defeat of the Liberal Party in the elections of November 14, 1920. He again headed the government in 1924.
  53. ↑ A representative of the conservative Popular Party that won the parliamentary elections. Age - 76 years. The Prime Minister in 1897, 1903, 1905 and 1909.
  54. ↑ From March 1919, Alexander Spiridonovich Lomtatidze temporarily performed his duties.
  55. ↑ Abram Moiseevich Krasnoshchik (Tobelson), was born in Kiev province, a tailor. From 1898 in the social democratic movement, in 1902 he emigrated to Germany, in 1903 to the USA, where he joined the American Socialist Workers Party. In 1912 he graduated from the University of Chicago, worked as a lawyer. In 1917 he returned to Russia, was chairman of the Nikolsk-Ussuri Committee of the RSDLP, then chairman of the Far Eastern Council of People's Commissars. After the fall of Soviet power, the head of staff of the Far Eastern Bolshevik underground. Since March 1920, he has been a member of Dalbureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B.) And chairman of the Provisional Government of the Baikal Region.
  56. ↑ Minister of Foreign Affairs of the FER and chairman of the Dalbyuro Central Committee of the RCP (B.) Since June 1920. Born in Verkhneudinsk in a Jewish family, a railway worker, a member of the RSDLP since 1903. He commanded a military detachment in Krasnoyarsk during the uprising of 1905, was arrested, sentenced to death, but fled. He was the editor of a number of newspapers, in 1911-13 he lived in emigration in Argentina. The participant of the revolutionary events of 1917 in Vladivostok and Irkutsk, the partisan movement in Western Siberia, was chairman of the Tyumen provincial committee and secretary of the Bureau of the RCP (b). Portrait see attachments.
  57. ↑ Representative Radical Venstra. Dismissed by the king after refusing to support the demand for the return of Denmark to Flensburg, which was part of Germany. Later served as Minister of Justice (1929-35), was chairman of the Senate (1936-39). He died in 1946 in Copenhagen at the age of 80 years.
  58. ↑ Non-partisan personal lawyer of the royal family. Appointed to be king by the task of holding early elections. Lawyer, member of the Supreme Court since 1889, head of a number of legal structures and various foundations. The shift by the king of the office Tsale caused rumors about the preparation of the coup by the monarch and caused the so-called. "Easter crisis". Liebe was dismissed on Easter Day on the wave of demonstrations and a general strike was scheduled for April 6. He died in 1929 in Copenhagen at the age of 68 years. Portrait see attachments.
  59. ↑ Nonpartisan, appointed to the post by the king with the task to hold early elections. The journalist, since 1904, worked in the Ministry of Justice. Resigned after the elections. In the future, led by the House of Conservation. He died in 1944 in Copenhagen at the age of 86.
  60. ↑ The representative of the liberal party Venstre, which came out on top by the number of votes in the elections on April 26. Prime Minister in the years 1908-09. He held new parliamentary elections on July 6 and September 21, which confirmed the primacy of his party.
  61. ↑ Killed by cousin Abdullah bin Talal in Haile at the age of approx. 35 years.
  62. ↑ Son of the 7th Emir Hamoud ibn Mitab al-Rashid. He was enthroned at the age of 13.
  63. ↑ Since 1921 in underground work in Russia. In 1925 he was arrested. He was shot in 1927 in Moscow at the age of 37 years.
  64. ↑ Conservative. Resigned after April 21 Cortes approved the budget during a fierce debate. For health reasons, he retired to his estate in Guernica. In 1921 he again headed the government.
  65. ↑ Leader of the Conservative Party, Minister of State since 1918. Recommended by M. Allendesalasar. The Prime Minister in the years 1913-1915 and 1917.
  66. ↑ The representative of the left wing of the Liberal Party. On May 21, a new cabinet was formed. Resigned after the failure of negotiations on the border line with Yugoslavia. Later he opposed the Mussolini Regime, emigrated to Switzerland, then to France. In 1943 he was arrested by the Gestapo and deported. After returning to Italy, he was elected to the Senate, joined the Socialist Party. He died in 1953 in Rome at the age of 84 years.
  67. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Party. Prime Minister in 1892-93, 1903-05, 1906-09, 1911-14.
  68. ↑ Chairman of the Conservative Party. He headed a coalition cabinet with the participation of liberals from the Anglo-Canadian provinces. Resigned in early July 1920 by age. In the future, he served as University Chancellor, other posts. He died in 1937 in Ottawa at the age of 82 years.
  69. ↑ Representative of the Conservative Party, Minister of Mining. Elected to the post of party chairman and prime minister on July 7, 1920, formed a one-party cabinet. Age - 46 years. Mathematician, lawyer, entrepreneur. He graduated from the University of Toronto. He worked as a teacher, MP from 1908. Since 1913, he served as Prosecutor General, Secretary of State, Minister of Mining and Minister of the Interior.
  70. ↑ On May 18, 1920, the government fled to Voknavolok, then to Finland.
  71. ↑ Military, general, protégé of the Anhui clique. Resigned for health reasons after a conflict with the leaders of the clique.
  72. ↑ Military, Admiral, Deputy Prime Minister. Served as head of government. Age - 61 year. He graduated from the Naval Academy in Fuzhou, studied in the UK. Member of the war with Japan in 1895. In 1911, the Minister of the Navy. On July 14, the Zhili-Anhui War began and on July 23, the Chzhili troops entered Beijing. Sent after the defeat of the Anhui clique. Governor of Fujian Province in the years 1922-26. In 1949, he refused to evacuate to Taiwan and supported the Communists. He died in 1952 in Fuzhou at the age of 93 years.
  73. ↑ Restored at the post after the defeat of the Anhui clique.
  74. ↑ After the fall of the Anhui clique began negotiations on an agreement with the Zhili clique, which caused condemnation by the Kuomintang. Overthrown during the Guangdong-Guangxi War, fled to Shanghai, where he announced his resignation. He lived as a private person. He died in 1933 in Shanghai at the age of 72.
  75. ↑ Interim President, handed over power to the elected President. In 1923, he was declared a National Hero. He died in 1924 in San Jose at the age of 67 years.
  76. ↑ Representative of the Constitutional Party, elected in the elections of December 7, 1919, defeating José Maria Soto from the Democratic Party. The term of office is 4 years, until May 8, 1924. Age - 47 years. He graduated from the National Institute, Member of Parliament in 1902-06, since 1907 the Consul General, then the Ambassador in El Salvador, since 1915 the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Foreign Affairs. After the coup of 1917, he was deprived of his post and emigrated to Nicaragua.
  77. ↑ Military, Major General of the General Staff. He died on January 2, 1920, of typhus in Ekaterinodar at the age of 45 years.
  78. ↑ Military, Lieutenant General. Elected Kuban Rada. Age - approx. 44 years old. He graduated from the military school in Tiflis and the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1903), from 1896 he served in the Russian army. In 1916 he received the rank of Major General. In 1917-18, the commander of the Kuban army and a member of the government. After the fall of the republic he emigrated to Constantinople, in 1922 - to the USA. He died in 1930 in New York at the age of approx. 54 years old.
  79. ↑ After the fall of the republic he emigrated to Constantinople. He lived in exile in the Czech Republic, then in Germany, since 1948 in Canada. He died in 1974 in Neville at the age of 86.
  80. On April 17-18, elections were held for the Constituent Assembly, which opened on May 1, 1920. On the same day, he was elected its chairman, receiving 83 votes against 48 votes cast for Janis Rainis.
  81. ↑ From 1923 he was the chairman of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR. He died in 1932 in Moscow at the age of 66 years. Buried in the Kremlin wall.
  82. ↑ Expired second four-year term. He died in 1935 in Monrovia at the age of 73.
  83. ↑ Minister of Foreign Affairs since 1912. A representative of the ruling True Whig Party, elected at the May 1919 presidential election. Age - 44 years. A lawyer, he worked in the Supreme Court, was the Attorney General of the country (1904–1912).
  84. ↑ Has resigned after the election of the Constituent Diet on April 14-15, 1920. In 1920-24 the leader of the Party of National Progress, since 1925 the chairman of the Union of Lithuanian Nationalists (tautinins). After the coup of 1926, the President of Lithuania.
  85. ↑ Chairman of the Constituent Seim from May 15, 1920, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Christian Democratic Party. Age - 35 years. He graduated from the Kovno Seminary, Faculty of Philosophy and Theology at the University of Innsbruck (Austria-Hungary), Institute of Agriculture in Halle (Germany). Since 1913 he worked as an agronomist. In 1917, a member of the Lithuanian Tariba, in 1918, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence of Lithuania. Since 1919, he served as Minister without portfolio, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Agriculture. In April 1920, elected to the Constituent Diet. He was elected president after the adoption of the Seym on 10 June 1920, the Second Interim Constitution of Lithuania.
  86. ↑ Representative of the Lithuanian Democratic Party. Resigned after the election of the Constituent Diet. He took the post of Minister of Finance, Trade and Industry in the government of K. Grinyus. In 1922 he again headed the government.
  87. ↑ A representative of the Lithuanian Peasant People’s Union (laudinikov), a member of the Seimas. Age - 53 years. He formed a coalition government (Lithuanian People’s and Peasants' Union and the Socialist People’s Democratic Party). Doctor, graduated from Moscow University (1893), a member of the national movement was repeatedly arrested. During the First World War, evacuated to Kislovodsk. In 1919, he was a member of the delegation of the Provisional Government of Lithuania at the Paris Peace Conference, the head of the Repatriation Commission. He returned to Lithuania to participate in the elections to the Constituent Diet. Portrait see attachments.
  88. ↑ Military, general of the Polish army, commander of the 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian division. Formally, he refused to obey the command of the Polish army and on October 9, 1920, occupied Vilnius. Proclaimed head of state. Age - 55 years. From 1885 he served in the Russian army, a member of the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars. Since 1917 in the Polish army, commanded a division in the Soviet-Polish war of 1920.
  89. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Constitutionalist Party. He came into conflict with the nominees of the revolution after he put forward presidential candidate Ignacio Bonillas. On April 8, an uprising was raised against him; on April 22, opposition leaders Plutarco Elias Calles, Alvaro Obregon and Adolfo de la Huerta proclaimed the Agua Prieto plan and appointed Worth the Supreme Leader of the constitutionalist army. In May, he fled to Veracruz, but in the morning of May 21, he was shot by the troops of General Rodolfo Herrera in Tlakskalantongo at the age of 60. In 1942 he was buried in the Pantheon in Mexico City.
  90. ↑ Supreme Leader of the Liberal Constitutionalist Army. Governor of the State of Sonora since 1916, representative of the Liberal Constitutionalist Party. Age - 38 years. He worked as an accountant, journalist, musician and singer. Member of the Mexican Revolution, since 1913 served in the Ministry of the Interior. June 1, 1920 elected by the Congress as interim president. In February 1923 he raised an uprising against A. Obregon, in March he emigrated to the USA. He returned to Mexico in 1935, held public office. He died in 1955 in Mexico City at the age of 74. Portrait see attachments.
  91. ↑ Presidential candidate from June 1, 1919, retired general. Elected to the presidential election on September 5, 1920 from the Workers' Party, defeating the candidate of the Nationalist Republican Party, Alfredo Robles Dominguez. Age - 50 years. Received primary education, led the farm. In 1911 he was elected mayor of Watabampo. In April 1912, he formed the 4th Infantry Battalion at his own expense. From 1913 he participated in the battles of the Mexican Revolution and commanded military operations in the five northern states. In August 1914, his troops entered Mexico City, bringing V. Carrance to power. War Minister in 1916-17, then returned to farming.
  92. ↑ The fifth hereditary prime minister of the clan Rana, field marshal general.
  93. ↑ Expired second four-year term. He left the post on July 8, 1920. Returned to the UK. He died in 1941 in Lincoln at the age of 70.
  94. ↑ British aristocrat, Viscount (1911), military. Age - 60 years. From 1872 he served in the navy, participated in the Egyptian (1882) and Beijing (1900) campaigns of the First World War. Captain since 1897, Rear Admiral in 1907, Vice Admiral in 1911, Admiral in 1915.
  95. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Party Venstre. He opposed the increase in funding for road construction, received a vote of no confidence and resigned. He died in 1928 in Skien at the age of 80 years.
  96. ↑ Chairman of the Board of the Conservative Heire Party since 1919, Chairman of the Storting. Formed from the second attempt the government of the conservative minority. Age - 48 years. Lawyer, lawyer, deputy since 1912.
  97. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Party. Resigned, since he nominated his candidacy for a new presidential term.
  98. ↑ First Vice President since 1918. Representative of the Liberal Party. He became interim president for the presidential election period. Age - 43 years. He graduated from Lehigh University (pc.) In the United States, an electrical engineer. In 1899 he returned to Panama. Big businessman. After the independence of the country was declared, he was the general director of post and telegraph offices, the mayor of the capital, and repeatedly held the post of foreign minister. After retirement he returned to the business. He died in April 1922 in Panama at the age of 45 years.
  99. ↑ Elected in elections on August 2, 1920 from the Liberal Party, defeating Kiro Luis Urriola from the Chiarist Liberal Party. Age - 77 years. The term of office is 4 years, until October 1, 1924.
  100. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Party. Vice President, took office after the death of President Manuel Franco before the election of a new president. He died in 1927 in Asuncion at the age of 48.
  101. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Party. Elected by Congress on June 29, 1920, term of office for 4 years, until August 15, 1924. Age - 49 years. President in the years 1910-11.
  102. ↑ Representative of the Constitutionalist Movement. In 1922 he again headed the government.
  103. ↑ Independent. From 1900 he led customs in Gilan, Khorasan and Mazandaran. In the first parliamentary government (1906) took the post of Minister of Posts and Telegraph. After the coup of 1908, he was exiled to Mazandaran. Restored at his post, was Minister of Justice, Minister of the Interior (1916), Minister of War (1919).
  104. ↑ One of the leaders of the Jangheli insurgency. Age - approx. 40 years. He studied Islam, dropped out of studies after the start of the Constitutionalist revolution in 1906. The participant of the uprising of 1908, was wounded, was treated in Baku and Tiflis. Returning to Persia, he continued the armed struggle with the government.
  105. ↑ August 12, 1920, resigned from his post as Head of State and Commander-in-Chief, but the resignation was not accepted.
  106. ↑ A representative of the National People’s Association, headed a one-party government. He resigned on June 9, 1920, after the defeat near Kiev and the exit from the government of ministers from the Piast Party (June 8). Since July 1920, Minister of Internal Affairs in the government of V. Vitos. After retirement in 1921 he was engaged in business. In 1939 he was arrested by the NKVD, the subsequent fate is not known for certain.
  107. ↑ Representative of the National Democratic Party, Chancellor of the Treasury in the office Skulsky. Formed a non-partisan government after unsuccessful attempts of Jan Brezhsky, I. Dashinsky and V. Vitos. Age - 45 years. Since June 28, attempts have been made to create a broad coalition on the basis of a compromise between the right and left parties. On July 19, the National Defense Council decided to charge V. Vitos to form a new cabinet. Economist, historian, was educated in Warsaw and Paris. He worked in agricultural organizations, in 1905-12 he was a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Empire. In 1914-18 he lived in Russia, in 1918, the Minister of Agriculture of Poland. In 1923 he again headed the government. Portrait see attachment.
  108. ↑ The leader of the peasant party Piast, deputy of the Sejm since 1919. He formed the government of a broad coalition (Piast, socialists, “Rescue”, National Democratic Party, etc.) Age - 46 years. Journalist, activist of the peasant movement, since 1895 a member of the Polish Peasant Party. In 1895-97 he served in the Austrian army, a deputy of the Galician Sejm (1908-14) and the Rechrath of Austria-Hungary (1911-18).
  109. ↑ Formed in Smolensk, proclaimed in Bialystok as the governing body of the future Polish Soviet Republic. Dissolved after the defeat of the Red Army near Warsaw.
  110. ↑ Member of the Executive Bureau of the Polish Communist Party in Russia, member of the Polish Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B.). Age - 54 years. From 1887 he worked in dye factories, in 1896 he graduated from the University of Zurich, Doctor of Economics. Since 1893 a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland, from 1907 a candidate member of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. In 1915-18 he was imprisoned in Germany, after his release he moved to Russia. Participated in the work of the Comintern. After the dissolution of Polrevrekom - rector of the Communist University of National Minorities of the West and Chairman of the Central Committee of the International Organization of Assistance to Revolutionaries. He died in 1925 in Italy at the age of 58. Portrait see attachment.
  111. ↑ Military, Colonel. The government continued to perform duties until January 21.
  112. ↑ He did not take office, since the government resigned on the same day, and the attempt of Senate President Correia Barrett to form a cabinet was not successful. Age - 62 years. Liberal, Minister of the Navy in 1912-13 and 1915, Minister of Finance in 1912, Minister of Public Works in 1915-17. After resigning until 1921, he held ministerial posts. He died in 1925 at the age of 67. Portrait see attachments.
  113. ↑ Performed duties. Minister of the Interior in the years 1923-24. After the coup of 1926, he was arrested; in 1927 he was exiled to the Azores. In 1934 he returned to Lisbon, unsuccessfully trying to organize a Republican alliance. He died in 1950 in Lisbon at the age of 85.
  114. ↑ Independent, formed a government with the participation of the Democratic, Liberal and Socialist parties. Age - 37 years. Prime Minister in 1919. Resigned on March 4 in the wake of strikes after the police assault on the headquarters of the trade union center. Foreign Minister in the years 1920-21 and 1922-24. In 1925 he again headed the government.
  115. ↑ Military, Colonel. Formed a government with the participation of the Democratic and Liberal parties. Age - 54 years. Member of military campaigns in Africa and World War I, Minister of War in 1919. He died on June 6, 1920 in Lisbon from a stroke. He was posthumously promoted to general. Portrait see attachments.
  116. ↑ The Minister of Justice and Religious Affairs, served as Prime Minister after the death of A. Batishty. The representative of the Democratic Party. Age - about 49 years. He was the governor of Castelo Branco, a senator. Resigned June 18, 1920 after being criticized for raising salaries to ministers. He died in 1949 at the age of approx. 78 years old.
  117. ↑ Democratic Party Leader. Formed a government with the participation of the Democratic, People’s and Socialist parties. Age - 49 years. One of the leaders of the revolution of 1910, since 1913 has repeatedly held the posts of Minister of Public Works. Minister of Finance in January 1920. Resigned in the wake of riots and strikes. In 1922 he again headed the government.
  118. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Republican Party. Minister of Justice in January-March 1920. Age - 38 years. Lawyer, freemason, member of the Constituent Assembly, then Parliament. Resigned October 15, 1920 after criticism from the Liberal Party. In 1921 he again headed the government. Portrait see attachments.
  119. ↑ A representative of the Republican Party of National Reconstruction, formed a cabinet without the participation of democrats and liberals, on the basis of small parliamentary factions. Age - 42 years. Member of the Military Council of 1915, Governor-General of Mozambique in 1915 and 1918. Resigned after a vote of no confidence initiated by the Democratic and Liberal parties. In 1923 he again headed the government. Portrait see attachments.
  120. ↑ Military, Colonel, Chief of Staff of the National Republican Guard since 1917. The head of the government is “Republican Concentration” (Democratic Party, Republican Party of National Reconstruction and People’s Party). Age - 40 years. Chief of Staff of Troops in Mozambique (1915-17). Portrait see attachments.
  121. ↑ Resigned from all posts on January 4 in Verkhneudinsk after the defeat of the White Army, formally transferring the post of Supreme Ruler to Lieutenant-General A. I. Denikin. Arrested on January 15 in Irkutsk. Shot by the Bolsheviks on February 7 in Irkutsk at the age of 45 years.
  122. ↑ Military, Lieutenant General. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Deputy Supreme Governor since 1919. He refused to accept the title and functions of the Supreme Ruler, in fact, remaining the first official. He graduated from a real school, from 1890 he served in the Russian army, in 1899 he graduated from the Academy of the General Staff. Member of the Russian-Japanese and the First World War. He commanded the 4th Rifle Brigade, 8th Army Corps, the Western and Southwestern Fronts. Since 1917, one of the leaders of the White movement. April 4, 1920, resigned and went to England. From 1922 he lived in Hungary, from 1926 in France, from 1945 in the USA. He died in 1947 in pcs. Michigan at the age of 74. In 2005, his remains were reburied in Moscow.
  123. ↑ Military, Lieutenant General. Baron Caused from emigration by the command of the All-Soviet Union of People’s Defense, on April 4, 1920, he arrived in Sevastopol, on April 11, he assumed the title of Ruler He graduated from a real school and the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg. In 1901-02 he studied at the Nikolaev Cavalry School, in 1910 he graduated from the Nikolaev Military Academy. Member of the Russian-Japanese and the First World War. He commanded the 1st Nerchinsky Regiment, the 2nd Brigade of the Ussuri Cavalry Division, the 7th Cavalry Division, the Combined Cavalry Corps. Since 1918 in the Volunteer Army. At the end of 1919 he was removed from command and emigrated to Constantinople. In November 1920, after the breakthrough of the Red Army in Crimea with the remnants of the army was evacuated to Constantinople. From 1922 he lived in Yugoslavia, from 1927 in Belgium. He died in 1928 in Brussels at the age of 49 from tuberculosis. Portrait see attachments.
  124. ↑ Resigned along with Kolchak, arrested on January 15, shot on February 7 in Irkutsk at the age of 35.
  125. ↑ Hofmeister, Actual Privy Counselor. He graduated from high school in Warsaw and the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. From 1884 he worked in the Ministry of Justice, from 1906 a member of the State Council, from 1908–1915, Chief of land tenure and agriculture, then Chief of the Russian Red Cross Society. In 1918 he headed the anti-Bolshevik Right Center in Moscow. For several months he lived in exile. Since April 1920, Chairman of the Council under the Commander-in-Chief of the All-Soviet Union of Democratic People's Republic, since August 19, the head of the Government of Southern Russia October 30, 1920 was evacuated from the Crimea to England, then lived in France. He died in October 1921 in Berlin at the age of 64. Portrait see attachments.
  126. ↑ Military, Lieutenant-General, Military Ataman of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Army. Appointed by decree of A.V. Kolchak. Age - 29 years. He graduated from the Orenburg Cossack Cadet School, a participant in the First World War, to fight against the Soviet government formed a special Manchurian detachment. After the fall of the outskirts emigrated to China, then to Japan. In 1932 he moved to Dairen, where in 1945 he was captured by the Soviet landing force. Hung in 1946 in Moscow at the age of 55.
  127. ↑ Graduated from the Chita Gymnasium and St. Petersburg University. In 1902 he was exiled to Siberia, worked as a teacher. Cadet, deputy of the Second and Fourth State Dumas. Age - 43 years. On August 16, with the change in the military situation, the government left Chita, and in the fall emigrated to China. He taught in schools CEL. He died in 1952 in Harbin (PRC) at the age of 75.
  128. ↑ National Party Leader. Dismissed by the king on March 13, 1920 due to disagreements on the issue of agrarian reform. In 1932 he again headed the government.
  129. ↑ Military, General, leader of the People’s Party. He was appointed king, after which the parliament was dissolved and early parliamentary elections were held on May 25-27, 1920, which brought victory to the People's Party. Age - 60 years. Prime Minister in 1918.
  130. ↑ In January 1921, arrested by the Polish authorities, put on trial. Justified and released, opened a law office in Muschin and withdrew from politics. He died in 1944 at the age of approx. 59 years old.
  131. ↑ Priest. After the fall of the republic, he was transferred from Lemkovshchina, in 1947 he was moved to Stettin. He died in 1952 in a concentration camp at the age of approx. 83 years old.
  132. ↑ Died on March 30, 1920 after receiving an ultimatum to the RSFSR. Formally, the power passed to Sheikh Dervish Muhammad, but the state ceased to exist.
  133. ↑ On February 9, 1920, the capital of the state, Taleh, was occupied by British troops, and fled to Ogaden. He died on December 21, 1920 from typhoid fever at the age of 64.
  134. ↑ On February 12, the National Pact was published by the Parliament, which approved the national sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire, which caused an ultimatum of the Entente countries on February 19. He was dismissed on March 3, 1920, because he could not meet the demand for the withdrawal of Turkish troops. Later he held the posts of Minister of Public Works and Minister of Internal Affairs. Since 1922, retired from politics. He died in 1932 at the age of about 72 years.
  135. ↑ Admiral. Prior to his appointment, he served as Minister of Navy. Age - approx. 56 years old. On March 16, Istanbul was occupied by troops of the Entente powers, and on March 18, parliament was dispersed. Dismissed on April 2 under British pressure. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, he withdrew from politics. He died in 1939 in Istanbul at the age of approx. 75 years.
  136. ↑ The Great Vizier in 1919. Age - 67 years. Dismissed on October 18, 1920. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire emigrated to Europe. He died in 1923 in Nice (France) at the age of approx. 70 years.
  137. ↑ Chairman of the Senate, the Great Vizier in 1909 and 1918-19. Age - 75 years. He was a member of the Young Turk Party Unity and Progress, dissolved in 1918.
  138. ↑ Military, divisional general (1916), leader of the national movement. Age - approx. 39 years. He graduated from military schools in Thessaloniki and Bitola (Macedonia), Ottoman Military College in Istanbul and the Academy of the General Staff (1905). He was arrested for opposition activities and exiled to Damascus. From 1911 he served in the General Staff, participated in the Italian-Turkish, then in the First World War. He commanded the 19th Division, the 16th Corps, the 2nd and 7th armies. After the defeat of Turkey in the war, he resigned, led the national movement for the sovereignty of Turkey, creating a center of resistance in Ankara. In absentia, sentenced by the Ottoman authorities to death. March 19, 1920, initiated the convening of the Grand National Assembly, which elected him as their head.
  139. ↑ Member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 12th Army of the Western Front of the Red Army until May 1920. Age - 42 years. He graduated from high school in Kamenetz-Podolsk and the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kiev University (1912). Member of the RSDLP since 1905, member of the First Russian Revolution. Since 1912 he taught at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. In 1917, a member of the Kiev Revolutionary Committee, Secretary (Minister) of Education of the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets. From 1918 he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Ukrainian Soviet Army, a member of the Front Bureau of the CP (B) U, a member of the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee. After the fall of the Georgian SSR, he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Councils of the 12th, 13th and 14th armies, the Southern Front, a member of the PBC and the Head of the Political Administration of the Ukrainian Military District (1924-25). People's Commissar of Education of Ukraine (1922-24 and 1933-38), academician (since 1929), secretary and member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (B) U. He was arrested in 1937, shot in July 1938 at the age of 59 years. In 1956, rehabilitated and reinstated in the party.
  140. ↑ The first secretary of the underground Communist Party of Eastern Galicia. Age - 28 years. Former member of the Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party. After the fall of the republic sent to diplomatic work in Poland. In 1928 he was removed from all posts for Trotskyism. In 1933 he was arrested. He committed suicide in July 1934 at the age of 42, rehabilitated in 1958.
  141. ↑ After the conclusion of a truce between Poland and the RSFSR on October 12, 1920, he withdrew his troops across the Zbruch River and on October 21 they were interned by the Polish army. After the fall of the republic he emigrated to Poland, then lived in Hungary, Austria and Switzerland. Formally remained the head of the Ukrainian state in exile. In 1924 he moved to France. He was killed in Paris by Solomon Schwarzbard on May 25, 1926, at the age of 47.
  142. ↑ Social Democrat. Resigned on May 20 in protest against the unequal treaty with Poland. He held the post of Minister of Agriculture in the government of V. K. Prokopovich. From November 1920 he lived in exile in Lviv, in 1923 he moved to Prague, in 1945 to Regensburg. Since 1948, the head of the Ukrainian government in exile, simultaneously in 1948-1950, was the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Ukrainian National Council. He died in 1952 in Augsburg at the age of 67 years.
  143. ↑ Ambassador to Yugoslavia, member of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists since 1917. Age - 38 years. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Kiev University, taught at the gymnasium. After the dismissal of nationalism, he worked in print. Since 1905, a member of the Ukrainian Radical-Democratic Party, since 1908 - the Ukrainian Association of Employees. In 1917, the deputy of the Central Council, in 1918 the Minister of Public Education. Formed a coalition government with the participation of the Social Democrats, but they came out of it on July 23. July 16, 1920 in connection with the offensive of the Red Army, the government was evacuated near Krakow. October 14, 1920, resigned. In 1921, the Minister of Education in the government in exile, in 1926-39 the head of the government in exile, in 1939-40 the deputy chairman of the Directory. He died in 1942 in Besancourt (France) at the age of 60.
  144. ↑ Member of the Communist Party Central Committee (b) U, head of the information and communication department of the Front Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) U in 1919. Age - 27 years. Member of the party since 1910, in 1914 exiled to Tobolsk province. He was recalled to party work in Moscow on March 17, 1920. Later he was expelled from the party in 1927 and 1933. He died in 1966 at the age of 73.
  145. Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) in 1919.
  146. ↑ Secretary of the Donetsk Provincial Committee of the RCP (B.) Since September 1920. Age - 30 years. He graduated from a real school in Kazan (1908) and 4 courses of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute (1911-16). A member of the party since 1906, in 1909 he was exiled to Vologda, in 1915 - to the Irkutsk province. In 1917, a member of the Petrograd Soviet and the Military Revolutionary Committee. He held the posts of chairman of the Council of National Economy of the Northern Region, authorized in the Volga region, chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod provincial executive committee.
  147. ↑ He was ambushed in Melniki after the meeting of atamans and shot himself to avoid captivity. He died at the age of 25 years.
  148. Deputy Head Ataman, member of the rebel committee. September 24, 1920 resigned at the congress in Medvedevka. September 25, seriously injured by the Cheka. In 1921, the deputy chief of the Kholodnoyarsky district headquarters. In August 1921, he agreed to an amnesty and surrendered. Probably soon shot.
  149. ↑ Elected at the congress of atamans in Medvedevka. Age - 22 years. He studied at the Aleksandrovsky Mechanical and Technical School, volunteered for the First World War to reach the rank of second lieutenant. In 1919, the commander of the Middle Dnieper Brigade, from May 1920 - Commander of the Steppe Division. In October, he headed the Steppe Division to Yekaterinoslav Province and resigned. He was killed on May 9, 1921 under Annovka at the age of 23 years.
  150. ↑ Arrived at Kholodny Yar as a representative of the Ukrainian People's Republic.
  151. A representative of the liberal National Progressive Party. He headed the minority government (Agrarian and Progressive Party). In 1921 he again headed the government.
  152. ↑ Representative of the Conservative Party. Headed the coalition government (the Conservative, Progressive, Agrarian and Social Democratic parties).
  153. ↑ Italian writer, poet and politician, organizer of the seizure of the Yugoslav city of Rijeka on September 12, 1919. Age - 57 years. Member of the First World War, a supporter of Benito Mussolini. On December 24, 1920, the Italian army and navy began to seize Fiume and D'Annunzio was removed from power. He returned to Italy, in 1924 received the title of prince, in 1937 he headed the Royal Academy of Sciences. He died in March 1938 in the estate Vittorereal in Lombardy at the age of 74 years.
  154. ↑ The seven-year term of presidency expired. In 1922 he became prime minister.
  155. ↑ Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies since 1912, representative of the Democratic Alliance. He was elected on February 17, 1920 by the National Assembly, defeating J. Clemenceau (734 votes against 56), Charles Jonnard , L. Bourget and Marshal F. Foch. Term of office - until February 18, 1927. The son of a historian and critic Emil Deschanel, a journalist and writer, academic, deputy since 1885. In 1877 he was appointed sub-prefect, in 1898-1902 he was chairman of the Chamber of Deputies. May 24, 1920 fell out of the train during a trip to the south of the country, September 10, in a fit of unconsciousness, jumped into a pond in the castle of Rambouillet. Resigned on September 21 for health reasons. In 1921 he was elected to the Senate. He died in 1922 in Paris at the age of 67, from pleurisy. Portrait see attachments.
  156. ↑ Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Republican Socialist. elected September 21, 1920 by the National Assembly, defeating the socialist Gustave Delory (695 against 69 votes). The term of office is 7 years, until September 23, 1927. Lawyer, journalist, deputy since 1885. One of the founders in 1889 of the radical socialist faction. In 1899 entered the government as Minister of Commerce (until 1902), Minister of War in 1912, 1914-15.
  157. ↑ Representative of the Radical Party. He headed the coalition government (Left Republicans, Socialist Republicans, Republican Union, Democratic Left, Republican Democratic Left and Radical Socialists). Resigned January 18, 1920 after losing the presidential election. After retirement, he lived in private life, traveled the world, published a number of books, founded the Eko Nacional newspaper. He died in 1929 in Paris at the age of 88 from the effects of diabetes.
  158. ↑ Republican Socialist, leader of the National Bloc, High Commissioner in Alsace-Lorraine since 1919. Headed a coalition government (Republican Union, Democratic Left, Republican Democratic Left, Radical Socialists, Republican and Social Action, Left Republicans, Republican Democratic Union, Republican Socialists). On February 18, he formed a new government on the same basis. September 23 was elected president of France.
  159. ↑ Representative of the Republican Democratic and Social Party. After Millerand was elected president, he headed the coalition government (Left Republicans, Socialist Republicans, Republican Democratic Union, Democratic Left, Republican Democratic Left, Republican and Social Action, and Radical Socialists). A lawyer, a writer, began a political career in the municipality of his native city. Deputy since 1893, since 1894 held ministerial posts. He was Minister of the Interior (1905), Minister of Colonies (1906), Minister of the Navy (1917-20). Portrait see attachments.
  160. ↑ In November 1919, the Khorezm Communist Party raised an uprising, after which the Red Army entered the territory of the Khanate. Renounced the throne.
  161. ↑ The Social Democrat headed the government of the “red-green coalition” (the Social Democratic Labor Party, the National Socialist Party and the Republican Party of Agrarian and Rural Owners). After the adoption of the Constitution of Czechoslovakia on February 29, 1920, held the first parliamentary elections (April 18 and 25), which brought victory to the left parties. He was elected to parliament, on May 25 he formed a new government. He resigned on September 14, 1920 in connection with the planned split of the Social Democratic Party Committee at its XIII congress, scheduled for September 25. In March 1921, he laid down the deputy mandate and left for Hamburg to treat aortic aneurysms. They agreed to take the post of ambassador to Germany. He died in 1924 in Berlin at the age of 43 years.
  162. ↑ Independent. He headed the cabinet of the "extra-parliamentary coalition". A lawyer, since 1908, he served in the system of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of the Interior in Vienna, since 1912 the head of the office, deputy governor of Moravia in Brno.
  163. ↑ A five-year term has expired. Representative of the Liberal Democratic Party. After retirement, retired to his farm Kamariko. He died in 1930 in Santiago at the age of 71.
  164. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Alliance. He was elected in the presidential election on June 25, 1920, defeating the candidate of the conservative National Union, Luis Barros Borgogno. The term of office is 5 years, until December 23, 1925. Lawyer, deputy since 1897, senator since 1915. Since 1908 he held ministerial posts.
  165. ↑ The leader of the Liberal Coalition Party, led by a coalition government of liberals and social democrats. Resigned after the Social Democratic Labor Party left the coalition. Appointed governor of Stockholm. In 1938 he retired. He died in June 1945 in Stockholm at the age of 73 years.
  166. ↑ The leader of the Social Democratic Labor Party of Sweden since 1907. He was appointed prime minister as head of a significant faction of the Social Democratic Party of Russia in the Riksdag. He studied at the universities of Stockholm and Uppsala, an astronomer mathematician. He worked at the Stockholm Observatory, then went to journalism. One of the founders of the Social Democratic Party of Russia in 1889, editor of the party newspaper. MP since 1896. He held parliamentary elections on September 4 and 17, which did not bring the desired success of his party and resigned. In 1921 he again headed the government. Portrait see attachments.
  167. ↑ Governor Kristianstad since 1905, independent. Appointed king for the period of preparation and holding of new parliamentary elections in September 1921. Formed a cabinet of liberals and moderate conservatives. The son of Prime Minister L. G. de Geer, Baron. He received a law degree, since 1901 the deputy of the Riksdag. Until 1914 he was a member of the Liberal Coalition Party.
  168. Representative of the Liberal Radical Party, famous writer and musician. Four-year term expired. Later he was a senator, envoy, in 1931 he again became president.
  169. ↑ Representative of the Liberal Radical Party. Elected in presidential elections, beating Gonzalo Cordova and Enrique Baqueriso Moreno. The term of office is 4 years, until September 1, 1924. Lawyer, journalist, teacher of the Latin language. He was secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, chairman of the Senate.
  170. ↑ Social Democrat. On June 15, the Assembly adopted the Estonian Constitution; in November, elections were held in the 1st Riigikogu. Resigned in connection with the self-dissolution of the Constituent Assembly on December 20, 1920. In 1925-26 he was the chairman of the parliament, in 1928 he became the State Elder.
  171. ↑ Post is established. The representative of the Labor Party, the Prime Minister since October 1920. The teacher, graduated from the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, trained in Berlin. In 1916-17 he served in the Russian judicial administration. In 1917, a member of the Provisional Zemstvo Council of the Estland Province, the representative of Estonia in Petrograd. Then, until 1920, was envoy to London, and. about. foreign minister. Member of the delegation that concluded the Peace of Tartu with Russia in February 1920.
  172. ↑ A representative of the People’s Party, headed by the coalition cabinet (the People’s Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Labor Party). He resigned after the Social Democrats left the government on July 1. July 29, agreed to form a new office.
  173. ↑ Representative of the People’s Party, Minister of Foreign Affairs since 1919. July 22, accepted the offer to head the government. Formed a coalition cabinet (People’s Party, Labor Party and Christian People’s Party). He graduated from the Riga and St. Petersburg seminaries, studied law with the University of Tartu, St. Petersburg and Leipzig. Since 1913, the vowel of the Revel City Council. In 1917-19, he was a member of the Estonian regional council, in 1919-20, deputy chairman of the Constituent Assembly. His office did not receive support in the Assembly and resigned on July 29. Birk returned to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, in 1922-26 he was ambassador to Moscow. After the incident with blackmail by the Soviet special services, he returned to his homeland, in 1927 he was put on trial on charges of treason and acquitted. He was engaged in business, in 1939-40 he was the secretary of the Synod of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church. In June 1942 arrested by the NKVD of the USSR, sentenced to death. He died in 1942 in the village of Sosva, Sverdlovsk Region, at the age of 58. Portrait see attachments.
  174. ↑ Formed a government of representatives of the People's Party and independent. He was the Chairman of the 2nd Riigikogu (1923-25). In 1927 he became the State Elder. Portrait see attachments.
  175. ↑ Formed a cabinet of representatives of the Labor Party and the Social Democrats. Held the first parliamentary elections on November 27 and 29, 1920. The post of prime minister has been abolished, its functions transferred to the State Elder.
  176. ↑ Representative of the Democratic Party. He led the coalition government (the Democratic Party, the Social Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia, the Croatian Association, etc.). In 1924 he again headed the government.
  177. ↑ Representative of the Serbian Radical Popular Party. Headed the coalition government (the Serbian Radical and Slovenian People’s Party, the People’s Club, etc.). Prime Minister in the years 1918-19. After the split of the party (1923), he lost his seat in parliament and left politicians. He died in October 1923 in Belgrade at the age of 66 from a heart attack.
  178. ↑ Representative of the Serbian Radical Popular Party. Headed the coalition government (Serbian Radical, Democratic, Slovene People’s Party, etc.). On August 18, he formed a new coalition government (the Serbian Radical, Democratic and Slovenian people's parties, the People’s Club, etc.). Lawyer, studied in Belgrade and Munich, trained in Paris and London, since 1891 in the diplomatic service in Serbia. Minister of Education (1893-94), in 1899 he was sentenced to 2 years in prison for insulting King Milan I. Since 1901, he was ambassador to various countries, Minister of Justice (1906), and a representative at the Peace Conference in Versailles (1919).
  179. ↑ After retiring, he returned to England, was chairman of the African Society. He died in 1934 at the age of 80.
  180. ↑ Prince, grandson of Queen Victoria, Colonel. Member of the Anglo-Boer and First World War.

Sources

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 G.I. Roslaeva. The activities of the Kuban regional government in 1917-1920. (Rus.) All about Kuban. The appeal date is January 4, 2012.
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ben Cahoon. USSR (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  3. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Liberia (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  4. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Latvia.html Latvia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012
  5. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - Vol.15 - P.357.
  6. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - t.15 - P.359.
  7. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ben Cahoon. Portugal (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  8. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Albania . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  9. ↑ 1 2 3 Ben Cahoon. Panama (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  10. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Honduras (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  11. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.14 - S.700.
  12. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.16 - p.760.
  13. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Mongolia (English) . World Statesmen.org. Date of treatment December 8, 2012. (unavailable link)
  14. ↑ 1 2 3 Soviet historical encyclopedia - Vol.3 - P.312.
  15. ↑ 1 2 3 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.14 - P.592.
  16. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.16 - p.229.
  17. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ben Cahoon. Ukraine (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is March 19, 2013.
  18. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - Vol.4 - P.348.
  19. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.15 - p. 181.
  20. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Romania (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  21. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - Vol.4 - P.352.
  22. ↑ 1 2 3 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.4 - p.1000.
  23. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Denmark (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Russian SFSR (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is May 15, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  25. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Azerbaijan (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is March 19, 2013.
  26. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.4 - p.959.
  27. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.4 - p. 961.
  28. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Guatemala (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  29. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.4 - p. 135.
  30. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.14 - p.590.
  31. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.1 - p.259.
  32. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.6 - p.401.
  33. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Armenia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is March 19, 2013.
  34. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Costa Rica (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  35. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ben Cahoon. China (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is May 15, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  36. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Mexico (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  37. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Iran (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  38. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.6 - S.659.
  39. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Lithuania.html Lithuania (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012
  40. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - vol.10 - p.330.
  41. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ben Cahoon. Poland . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  42. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.11 - P.382.
  43. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.1 - p.134.
  44. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.6 - S.948.
  45. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Bolivia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  46. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ben Cahoon. Estonia.html Estonia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012
  47. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - Vol.2 - S.268.
  48. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Paraguay . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  49. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Ecuador (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  50. ↑ 1 2 Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.2 - P.872.
  51. ↑ 1 2 3 Ben Cahoon. Croatia World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  52. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.15 - p.979.
  53. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ben Cahoon. Greece (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  54. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.2 - p.316.
  55. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.1 - p.767.
  56. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Chile (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  57. ↑ Soviet historical encyclopedia - v.16 - p.41.
  58. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Australia (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  59. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Austria (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is May 24, 2012.
  60. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Andorra (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  61. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Argentina (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  62. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ben Cahoon. Saudi Arabia (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  63. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Afghanistan . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  64. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Bahrain (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  65. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Belarus (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is March 19, 2013.
  66. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Belgium (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. Circulation date May 24, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  67. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Bulgaria (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  68. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Brazil (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  69. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Bhutan (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  70. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Uzbekistan (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is March 19, 2013.
  71. ↑ Ben Cahoon. United Kingdom (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  72. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Hungary (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  73. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Venezuela (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  74. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Haiti (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  75. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Germany (English) (inaccessible link) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  76. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Georgia (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is March 19, 2013.
  77. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Ireland (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  78. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Spain (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  79. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Italy (English) (inaccessible link) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  80. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Yemen (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  81. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Canada . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  82. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Colombia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  83. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Cuba (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  84. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Libya (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is December 2, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  85. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Liechtenstein (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  86. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Luxembourg . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  87. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Monaco (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  88. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Nepal . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  89. ↑ Ben Cahoon. The Netherlands (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  90. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Nicaragua (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  91. ↑ Ben Cahoon. New Zealand (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  92. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Norway (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  93. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Oman (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  94. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Peru (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  95. ↑ Fathallah Khan (English) . Iranicaonline.org. The appeal date is December 3, 2014.
  96. ↑ Forster, Edvard Seymour. A short history of modern Greece, 1821 -1940. - 1941.
  97. ↑ Ben Cahoon. El Salvador (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  98. ↑ Ben Cahoon. San Marino . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  99. ↑ Ben Cahoon. United States of America (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  100. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Somalia . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is December 2, 2012. Archived February 12, 2012.
  101. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Thailand . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  102. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Tonga (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  103. ↑ 1 2 Ben Cahoon. Turkey . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  104. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Uruguay (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  105. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Finland (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  106. ↑ Ben Cahoon. France World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  107. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Czechoslovakia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  108. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Switzerland (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  109. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Sweden (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  110. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Ethiopia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is June 21, 2012.
  111. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Yugoslavia (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  112. ↑ Ben Cahoon. South African Republic (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
  113. ↑ Ben Cahoon. Japan (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is December 8, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_the_general_game_v_1920_year_oldid=100650783


More articles:

  • Vortex Equation
  • Seroly, Nikolai Pavlovich
  • Aleksandrovka (Kemerovo district)
  • Andreevka (Kemerovo region)
  • Gollerich, Gisela
  • Kamyshnaya (village)
  • Nagnibeda, Semen Markovich
  • Russian Federal Ministers
  • Lustner, Otto
  • Suburban (Kemerovo Region)

All articles

Clever Geek | 2019