Telitokia (from other Greek. Θῆλυς “female” and other Greek. Τόκος “offspring”) is a type of parthenogenesis in which females produce females without fertilization.
The opposite of telithokia is arrhenotokia - when males are made from unfertilized eggs.
It is believed that the cause of telithokia is intracellular symbionts, the specificity of the effect of which determines the non-viability of males.
This assumption is confirmed by the facts of "neutralizing" the symbionts with antibiotics and the manifestation of arrhenotox parthenogenesis, that is, bisexuality.
Content
Prevalence
Telitokia is a fairly common occurrence, but in its pure form is rare.
According to the observations of B. M. Chumakova, deuterotokia , or amphitokia, that is, the formation of individuals of both sexes without fertilization, is sometimes found among parasitic hymenopterans , as a deviation from reproduction by the type of arrenotokia or telitokia.
In this regard, deuterotokia manifests itself as spanoginia or spanandria .
In spanoginia, female riders breeding by the type of telitokia produce a certain number of males instead of completely female offspring, as a result of which the number of females gradually decreases in the population. This phenomenon is known for encyrtide - Ooencyrtus submetallicus How., Trichograms of an unmaltz and trichogram of a semi-smoky
In spanandria, an unfertilized arrhenotokic female produces part of the females instead of completely male offspring, and a consistent decrease in the number of males occurs in the population. Such cases are noted for Habrobracon hebetor , Lysiphlebus testaceipes and others.
Some species breeding by telithokia
Insects:
- Steppe
- Suriname cockroach
- Ants . Optional or obligate telitokia in several species has been experimentally confirmed [1] :
- Pristomyrmex pungens from the subfamily Myrmicinae (Tsuji 1988) [2]
- Messor capitatus , Myrmicinae (Grasso et al. 2000) [3]
- Cerapachys biroi , Cerapachyinae (Tsuji and Yamauchi, 1995 [4] ; Ravary and Jaisson, 2002 [5] );
- Cataglyphis cursor , Formicinae (Cagniant, 1979) [6]
- Platythyrea punctata , Ponerinae (Heinze and Holldobler, 1995) [7]
- Strumigenys hexamera , Myrmicinae [8]
- Pyramica membranifera , Myrmicinae [9]
The origin of the term
The term telitokia was proposed by Siebold , and arrhenotokia by Leucart .
Notes
- ↑ Eick BN A macro- and micro-evolutionary investigation of African Camponotus ants. Archived June 7, 2015 at Wayback Machine - University of Cape Town, 2002: 1-233.
- ↑ Tsuji, K. Obligate parthenogenesis and reproductive division of labor in the Japanese queenless ant Pristomyrmex pungens - comparison of intranidal and extranidal workers (Eng.) // Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. : Magazine. - 1988. - Vol. 23. - P. 247-255.
- ↑ Grasso, DA, Wenseleers, T., Mori, A., Le Moli, F., and Billen, J. Thelytokous worker reproduction and lack of Wolbachia infection in the harvesting ant Messor capitatus (Eng.) // Ethol. Ecol. Evol. : Magazine. - 2000. - Vol. 12. - P. 309-314.
- ↑ Tsuji. K., and Yamauchi, K. Production of females by parthenogenesis in the ant, Cerapachys biroi (English) // Insectes. Soc. : Magazine. - 1995. - Vol. 42. - P. 333-336.
- ↑ Ravary, F., and Jaisson, P. The reproductive cycle of thelytokous colonies of Cempachys biroi Forel (Formicidae, Cerapachyinae) (Eng.) // Insectes Soc. : Magazine. - 2002. - Vol. 49. - P. 114-119.
- ↑ Cagniant, H. La parthenogenese thelytoque et arrhenotoque chez la fourmi Cataglyphis cursor Fonsc. (Hymenopteres Formicidae). Cycle biologique en elevage des colonies avec reine et des colonies sans reine (English) // Insectes Soc. : Magazine. - 1979. - Vol. 26. - P. 51.
- ↑ Heinze, J. and Holldobler, B. Thelytokous parthenogenesis and dominance hierarchies in the ponerine ant, Platythyrea punctata (Eng.) // Naturwissenschaften: Journal. - 1995. - Vol. 82. - P. 40-41.
- ↑ Keiichi Masuko. 2013. Thelytokous Parthenogenesis in the Ant Strumigenys hexamera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 106/4 479–484 (6), DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN12144
- ↑ Fuminori Ito, Yoshifumi Touyama, Ayako Gotoh, Shungo Kitahiro, Johan Billen. 2010. Thelytokous parthenogenesis by queens in the dacetine ant Pyramica membranifera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); Die Naturwissenschaften 97/8, 725-728
See also
- Parthenogenesis
- Arrenotokia